乳腺癌组织NRF-1表达及其意义的探讨

目的:探讨乳腺癌组织中核呼吸因子-1(NRF-1)蛋白表达与乳腺癌发生、发展及临床病理特征的关系。方法:采用免疫组化EnVision二步法,对211例乳腺癌组织和50例乳腺良性病变组织中NRF-1蛋白表达进行检测。结果:NRF-1蛋白表达定位于细胞核,着色呈棕黄色,乳腺癌中阳性表达(82.7%)低于乳腺良性病变组织阳性表达(100%),χ2=100.288,P=0.000;高分化乳腺癌NRF-1阳性率明显高于中、低分化乳腺癌(χ2=16.242,P=0.001;χ2=72.802,P=0.000),中分化乳腺癌也明显高于低分化乳腺癌,χ2=30.190,P=0.000。乳腺癌淋巴结转移患者NRF-1蛋白阳性表达率明显低于未转移者,χ2=12.025,P=0.007;TNM分期中I期NRF-1蛋白阳性表达率明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ期,χ2=12.025,P=0.007。结论:NRF-1蛋白的表达可能与乳腺癌的发生发展密切相关,可作为乳腺癌患者疾病进展监控和预后观测的指标,具有临床应用价值。     

Functional outcomes of school-age children with acquired brain injuries at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation

Objective: To examine functional outcomes of school-age children with acquired brain injuries (ABI) at discharge from one inpatient rehabilitation programme in the Northeast, USA.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to examine admission and discharge data on 176 children with ABI, aged 5-18 years. Functional outcomes included discharge Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) self-care, mobility, social function scores and length of stay. General patterns of change in PEDI scores were analysed using paired t-tests and effect sizes. Correlation analyses were used to determine associations among continuous variables. Differences in outcomes related to independent variables were examined using independent t-tests and analysis of variance and covariance.

Results: PEDI scores improved significantly at discharge. Less improvement was found in social function scores than mobility and self-care scores. Higher scores were associated with shorter LOS. Differences in most outcomes were found related to family's primary language, race/ethnicity and primary insurance. Younger children had significantly lower social function scores than older children.

Conclusions: Findings provided insights about potential effects of selected variables on functional outcomes and suggest where future inquiry and efforts might be needed (e.g. social function and socio-cultural variables). Information not recorded in the programme's database could offer additional insights to assist with team decision-making.     

Emergence of fluoroquinolone‐resistant clonal group A: clonal analysis of Norwegian and Russian E. coli isolates

Strand L, Jenkins A, Grude N, Allum A‐G, Mykland H‐C, Nowrouzian FL, Kristiansen B‐E. Emergence of fluoroquinolone‐resistant clonal group A: clonal analysis of Norwegian and Russian E. coli isolates. APMIS 2010; 118: 571–77. We describe a study of urinary tract and intestinal isolates of Escherichia coli from Norway and Russia using automated ribotyping, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for clonal group A (CgA) supplemented with phylogrouping, virulence gene profiling and resistance profiling. CgA comprised 19% of the Norwegian UTI isolates from 2001. Two highly multiresistant fluoroquinolone‐resistant CgA isolates were found. Ribotypes clustered into four major and six minor groups (ribogroups). Fluoroquinolone‐resistant isolates and phylogroups A and B1 were associated with ribogroup ^RA. Ribogroup ^RB predominated among Russian UTI isolates and was predominantly phylogroup A and depleted in P‐fimbriae. Ribogroup ^RC predominated among Norwegian UTI isolates and was rich in virulence factors (S‐fimbriae, haemagglutinin and haemolysin) and predominantly phylogroup B2 and D. Ribogroup ^RG was associated with CgA and predominantly phylogroup D. Ribogroups ^RD, ^RE and ^RF had too few members for statistical analysis. The correlation between ribotype and phylogenetic group was not as strong as reported in other studies.     

Directionalization of visual targets during involuntary eye movement

Perceived visual direction with respect to one's self (egocentric direction) depends upon the retinal location of a target's image (its oculocentric direction) and concurrent information about the position of the eyes in the head. Information about eye position is presumably obtained from efference copy signals. However, in order to explain illusory target motion that can occur during reflexive eye movements (e.g., post-rotary nystagmus), these signals have been suggested to accompany only voluntary oculomotor responses. In the experiment reported here, manual pointing was used to assess the perceived direction of targets flashed during optokinetic afternystagmus, an involuntary movement of the eyes that occurs in darkness following optokinetic stimulation. Egocentric directionalization was essentially veridical, indicating that accurate eye position information is available during optokinetic afternystagmus. A model is proposed that accounts for illusory target motion during involuntary oculomotor responses by the cancellation of efference copy information about these eye movements with signals of oppositely directed head motion.     

白花丹参化学成分的研究

从白花丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza f.alba)中分离出14个二萜醌类化合物,其中2个为新化合物,由光谱分析推定为1,2,15,16-四氢丹参醌(Ⅰ)和丹参醛(Ⅱ);另一个化合物Ⅲ与R₀-090680的结构相同。化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ对淋巴白血病细胞P₃₈₈均有较强的抑制作用。     

Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection in Canadian pediatric hospitals: a Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine nosocomial transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Canadian pediatric hospitals, outcomes associated with nosocomial disease, and infection control practices. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study in the 1992 to 1994 winter respiratory seasons. SETTING: Nine Canadian pediatric university-affiliated hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Hospitalized children with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection (at least one of cough, wheezing, dyspnea, tachypnea, and apnea) and RSV antigen identified in a nasopharyngeal aspirate. RESULTS: Of 1516 children, 91 (6%) had nosocomial RSV (NRSV), defined as symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection and RSV antigen beginning >72 hours after admission. The nosocomial ratio (NRSV/[com-munity-acquired RSV {CARSV})] + NRSV) varied by site from 2.8% to 13%. The median length of stay attributable to RSV for community-acquired illness was 5 days, but 10 days for nosocomial illness. Four children with NRSV (4. 4%) died within 2 weeks of infection, compared with 6 (0.42%) with CARSV (relative risk = 10.4, 95% confidence interval: 3.0, 36.4). All sites isolated RSV-positive patients in single rooms or cohorted them. In a multivariate model, no particular isolation policy was associated with decreased nosocomial ratio, but gowning to enter the room was associated with increased risk of RSV transmission (incidence rate ratio 2.81; confidence interval: 1.65, 4.77). CONCLUSIONS: RSV transmission risk in Canadian pediatric hospitals is generally low. Although use of barrier methods varies, all sites cohort or isolate RSV-positive patients in single rooms. Children with risk factors for severe disease who acquire infection nosocomially have prolonged stays and excess mortality.     

永久起搏器在预防心房颤动中的作用

本文总结了用于预防和终止心房颤动的起搏器的类型。窦房结功能异常的病人,心室起搏与较高的心房颤动的发生率相关。有鉴于此,有心房颤动病史、因心动过缓而需要安装起搏器的病人,应该安装双腔或心房起搏生理性起搏器,而不应安装单腔的心室起搏器。