Reconstruction of the burned foot

Burns of the feet pose unique and difficult problems in initial management, reconstruction, and the attainment of long-term functional results. The primary reconstructive goals for this region are unimpeded ambulation and weightbearing on a pain-free limb. These objectives can be achieved by adherence to established principles of wound management, a clear delineation of the reconstructive requirements of the foot, and a team approach toward attaining these goals. The goal of any method of reconstruction should be the restoration of function within a reasonable aesthetic appearance. With the foot, in addition to adequate healing, the goal should be the ability to walk again, wear normal footwear, and, if possible, return to work.     

Effects of S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine on pulmonary sialyl transferase activity in vitro, in healthy and in sulphur-dioxide-induced bronchitic rats

S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (carbocysteine) improves the visco-elastic properties of bronchial mucus in vivo, possibly as a result of an increase in the relative proportions of sialomucins in bronchial mucus. Carbocysteine was therefore studied in vitro and ex vivo in both normal and bronchitic rats on pulmonary sialyl transferase, responsible for the addition of sialic acid to mucus glycoproteins. Bronchitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by repeated exposure to sulphur dioxide for two weeks. During this time they received either 500 mg kg-1 day-1 carbocysteine or its vehicle by the oral route. Rats not being exposed to SO2 received the same treatment. The animals were then killed, and subcellular fractions prepared by differential centrifugation of lung homogenates. Sialyl transferase was assayed using CMP-14C sialic acid as substrate and desialysed fetuin as exogenous acceptor. Enzyme activity was located in both the (Golgi-containing) 10,000 g and 100,000 g pellets with minor activity in the cytosolic supernatants. When tested in vitro between 10(-6) and 10(-3) M, carbocysteine had no effect on sialyl transferase activity in microsomes taken from healthy or bronchitis rats. Repeated administration of carbocysteine was without effect on the sialyl transferase activity in 10,000 g pellets taken from healthy rats. However, in bronchitic rats there was a small but statistically significant (P less than 0.05) increase in enzymic activity in the treated group compared to the animals receiving the vehicle. There was no difference in the activity of the microsomal enzyme compared to vehicle-treated controls in either healthy or bronchitic rats. We conclude that it is possible that an increase in sialyl transferase activity in a Golgi-containing fraction of bronchitic lungs could explain the relative increase in sialomucins in bronchitic subjects.     

4-O-卤代酰基-4′-去甲基表鬼臼毒素类似物的合成与抗肿瘤活性

为考察4′-去甲表鬼臼毒素C₄位上联结含卤素原子的酯化侧链时对化合物抗肿瘤活性的影响,设计并采用选择性酯化方法合成了9个新的4′-去甲基表鬼臼毒素酯化产物。其中标题化合物在L₁₂₁₀白血病肿瘤细胞与KB细胞的体外生长抑制试验中普遍表现出显著的抑制活性,大部分化合物活性超过依托泊甙。而普通脂酸酯的活性较弱。     

4-酰胺基-4-脱氧-4′-去甲表鬼臼毒素衍生物的合成和抗肿瘤活性

4′-去甲表鬼臼毒素与叠氮酸在三氟化硼乙醚存在下缩合,并经还原得4-氨基-4-脱氧-4′-去甲表鬼臼毒素。该中间体与酸或酸酐反应得相应酰胺化合物24个。经体外筛选,多数化合物抑制L₁₂₁₀和KB细胞活性相当或超过依托泊甙。与相应的醚、酯、胺等类型相比,这一类化合物活性最强。     

Reconstruction of the burned foot.

Burns of the feet pose unique and difficult problems in initial management, reconstruction, and the attainment of long-term functional results. The primary reconstructive goals for this region are unimpeded ambulation and weightbearing. These objectives can be achieved by adherence to established principles of wound management, a clear delineation of the reconstructive requirements of the foot, and a team approach toward attaining these goals.