豚鼠爆震性聋耳蜗结构与功能的动态变化

目的 探讨爆震性聋与耳蜗损伤之间的关系。方法 通过畸变产物耳声发射及扫描电镜进行研究。结果 豚鼠爆震后即刻出现听阈的提高，与爆震前相比，DPOAEs幅值于1kHz处开始出现非常显著的减低（P〈0．05），在8kHz处两者的差值更大（P〈0．05），DPOAEs幅值随频率升高而逐渐下降，以高频段更为严重。爆震后20天DPOAEs幅值在0．5、0．7、1kHz处基本恢复至爆震前水平，在1．5—8kHz处较爆震后即刻明显提高，但仍低于爆震前水平（各频率均P〈0.05）。爆震后40天DPOAEs幅值与爆震后20天无明显改变（各频率均P〉0．05）。扫描电镜下见豚鼠爆震后即刻出现IHC纤毛排列紊乱，第一排OHC形态基本正常，第二排OHC部分纤毛扭曲或倒伏，尚可看到鸟翼状结构，第三排OHC倒伏、分散，部分折断；20天组IHC纤毛排列仍然紊乱，第一排OHC纤毛基本正常，第二、第三排OHC纤毛排列极度扭曲，以第三排更为严重，少数OHC溶解变性，空位由支持细胞取代；40天组与20天组无明显差别。结论 爆震性聋出现耳蜗HC结构改变及功能减退，提示耳蜗损伤与爆震性聋紧密相关。     

Polymorphic distribution of Y-chromosome haplotype and mitochondrial DNA in the Bouyei people in China

In the evolution of humans, many kinds of mutations in the human genome have been accumulated, providing credible genetic evidence for the study of human origins and migrations. The "out-of-Africa" hypothesis of modern human evolution and the genetic origin of the Japanese has come about by studying mitochondrial DNA.l,2 Recently, researchers have recognized the power of Y-chromosome markers in resolving migratory patterns of modern humans as more and more Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism markers have been found. The markers on the nonrecombinant part of the Y-chromosome allows for the reconstruction of intact haplotypes which are probably the best genetic tools to study human migrations. We can analyze the paternal history of some people in different areas by Y-chromosome haplotypes.     

富血小板血浆与骨再生

急性臂丛神经炎是一种少见病,但人们往往认识不足,在早期,易被误诊为神经根型颈椎病或胸廓出口综合征。为了提高对本病的认识,降低误诊和漏诊率,本文就急性臂丛神经炎的诊断、鉴别诊断与治疗进行综述。1诊断名词与病因急性臂丛神经炎,病因尚未明了,但却有典型的临床特征。最初由Parsonage等[1]和Turner等[2]报道为肩胛带综合征和麻痹性臂丛神经炎,后被称之为:Parsonage-Turner综合征。其他诊断名词有:急性臂丛神经炎,神经源性肌萎缩,术后原发性臂丛神经炎等[3,4]。     

沉默树突状细胞恒定链以增强其抗肿瘤作用的体外实验研究

目的初步观察用小分子干扰RNA(siRNA)沉默树突状细胞(DCs)恒定链(Ii)后,DCs疫苗的体外抗肿瘤效果。方法从小鼠骨髓分离骨髓前体细胞,细胞经100 ng/ml GM-CSF和100 ng/ml IL-4诱导培养6 d后,转染针对DCs Ii链特异的Ii-siRNA,转染后加用50 ng/ml TNF-α继续诱导细胞成熟48 h,然后分别用Western blot检测沉默效果及CCK-8试剂盒检测DCs刺激同种异体淋巴细胞增殖的能力;此外,DCs共转染Ii-siRNA和小鼠胃癌前体细胞MFC的总RNA后,与同种异体淋巴细胞共培养,通过ELISA检测培养上清IFN-γ/和IL-4的水平,并收集致敏淋巴细胞进行体外杀伤实验。结果Ii-siRNA明显抑制DCs Ii的表达。沉默Ii链能够增强DCs的淋巴细胞增殖能力,并促使淋巴细胞向Th1的方向漂移[IFN-γ:(5107±351)pg/ml,IL-4:(65±13)pg/ml,P＜0．05]。淋巴细胞经共转染Ii-siRNA和MFC RNA的DCs激活后,明显而特异地杀伤靶肿瘤细胞(杀伤百分率: 66．94%±2．75%,P＜0．05)。结论通过siRNA沉默DCs的Ii链可能是一种行之有效的增强抗肿瘤免疫的方法。     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在糖尿病大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用

目的探讨p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38MAPK）在链脲菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用。方法雌性Wistar大鼠31只，3月龄，体重180～220g，随机分为3组：对照组（C组，n=10）、糖尿病神经病理性痛组（D组，n=11）和p38MAPK抑制剂组（Ⅰ组，n=10）。D组、Ⅰ组单次腹腔注射链脲菌素65mg／kg制备糖尿病模型。糖尿病模型制备成功后，Ⅰ组尾静脉注射p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580 0．5mg／kg，1次／周，连续4周；C组和D组尾静脉注射等体积的生理盐水。给药4周后，测定机械缩足反应阈值（MWT）、左侧坐骨神经传导速率（NCV）、背根神经节（DRG）和脊髓的磷酸化p38MAPK水平。结果与C组比较，D组、Ⅰ组MWT下降，NCV减慢，伴有脱髓鞘现象，DRG和脊髓的磷酸化p38MAPK水平升高；与D组比较，Ⅰ组MWT升高，NCV增快，脱髓鞘程度减轻，DRG和脊髓的磷酸化p38MAPK水平下降。结论p38MAPK信号转导通路参与了糖尿病大鼠神经病理性痛的形成。     

Application of anti-CD3-treated lymphocytes as stimulator cells in human autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures for generation of autorestricted CD8+ suppressor T cells.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the application of anti-CD3-treated lymphocytes as stimulator cells in human one-way autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) for the generation of suppressor cells. MLC-activated CD4-CD8+ CD16- T cells were non-cytotoxic, while they down-regulated the proliferation of autologous (but not allogeneic) responder lymphocytes in allogeneic test MLC.     

SARS患者TGFβ1和PDGF-BB的动态监测及其临床意义

目的动态监测严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者血清转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)和血小板衍生生长因子BB(PDGF-BB)水平的变化,以探讨细胞因子在SARS疾病中的作用。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验 ,测定SARS患者早期、恢复期和随访时TGFβ1和PDGF -BB含量 ,并与急诊等一线未患SARS组及健康对照组比较 ,作描述性分析及方差分析。结果SARS患者早期组血清TGFβ1均值高于恢复期组和随访组 (P<0.05),SARS恢复期组、随访组TGFβ1均值均显著低于急诊等一线未患SARS组和健康对照组(P<0.01),其它组间两两比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。五组人群PDGF -BB均值水平总体比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论TGFβ1可能与SARS患者机体调节免疫应答和免疫损伤有关 ,PDGF -BB与SARS的免疫损伤无关。     

Characterization of a gene encoding survival motor neuron (SMN)-related protein, a constituent of the spliceosome complex

Mutations in the gene encoding the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein are responsible for autosomal recessive proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMN orthologues have been identified in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans and the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe but, to date, no human paralogues have been described. Here we describe identification and characterization of an SMN-related protein (SMNrp) gene that encodes a novel protein of 239 amino acids, which has recently been identified as a constituent of the spliceosome complex and designated SPF30. Significant similarity to the SMN protein is apparent only within a central region of SMNrp that represents a tudor domain. The SMNrp/SPF30 gene has been mapped to chromosome 10q23. It is differentially expressed, with abundant levels in skeletal muscle. An exclusively nuclear localization for SMNrp in cultured cells and muscle sections was revealed using GFP fusion constructs and thereafter confirmed with a polyclonal antibody raised against SMNrp. Overexpression of SMNrp as a fusion protein in HeLa cells in culture induced dose-dependent apoptosis with positive TUNEL staining. In addition to a possible role for this protein as a pro-apoptotic factor, SMN and its related protein share significant similarities in sequence and cellular function.      

Reduction of adhesion formation in rabbits by intraperitoneal administration of lazaroid formulations

Adhesion formation is a major source of postoperative morbidity and mortality. In this study, the ability of a variety of lazaroid formulations [the antioxidant 21-aminosteroid PNU74006F (tirilazad) and the non-steroidal 2-methylaminochroman derivative PNU83,836E] to reduce i.p. adhesion formation in three rabbit models was examined. In initial studies, PNU83836E was administered via Alzet miniosmotic pump to the site of injury. In the sidewall and double uterine horn models, PNU83,836E was administered via Alzet miniosmotic pump for the entire postoperative interval. In the sidewall model, there was a dose- dependent reduction in the area of the sidewall injury that was involved in adhesions. In the double uterine horn model, PNU83,836E was administered via Alzet miniosmotic pump to the area of injury for 1, 2, 3 or 7 days. Administration for as little as 24 h after surgery significantly reduced the extent of adhesion formation and the reduction was increased if it was administered for longer. Further studies were conducted in which various lazaroid formulations were administered as a bolus at the end of surgery. In both the sidewall and double uterine horn models, administration of either PNU83,386E (in citrate buffer) or PNU74006F (in cyclodextrin or lipid emulsion vehicles) at the end of surgery reduced adhesion formation. Administration of a bolus of PNU74006F 10 min prior to initiation of surgery with or without additional treatment at the end of surgery further increased its efficacy in the reduction of adhesion formation. Administration of a minimum of 1.5 mg before and after surgery (3 mg total) was required for maximal efficacy. These studies demonstrate that pre- and postoperative administration of either a steroidal (PNU74006F) or non-steroidal (PNU83,836E) lazaroid intraperitoneally reduced the formation and reformation of postoperative adhesions in three animal models.