探讨糖调节受损与颈动脉中膜厚度的关系及意义

目的：探讨糖调节受损（IGR）患者颈动脉中膜厚度（IMT）增加的危险因素。方法：统计76例IGR患者及51例正常糖耐量（NGT）人的年龄、性别、体质量、血压、测空腹血糖、餐后2小时血浆血糖（OGTT）、空腹甘油三酯、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）,并计算体重指数,检测颈动脉中膜厚度（IMT）值。分析不同IGR患者IMT值的差异性。结果：IGT组及IFG＋IGT组IMT分别与IFG组及NGT组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）,其他各组比较无显著差异。年龄、收缩压、TC、LDL—C、2hPG是IMT的危险因素。结论：与NGT组比较,IGT组、IFG＋IGT组患者早期已存在明显的动脉粥样硬化（AS）及与之相关的危险因素。     

归芍地黄汤合生脉散治疗围绝经期综合征73例临床观察

目的：观察归芍地黄汤合生脉散对围绝经期综合征的临床疗效。方法：73例围绝经期综合征患者中〈40岁12例,40~44岁14例,45~49岁22例,≥50岁17例。各年龄组均口服归芍地黄汤合生脉散加减进行治疗,分别与治疗前后及治疗12周后比较各年龄组库帕曼评分和激素水平的变化。结果：各年龄组经治疗后与本组治疗前比较库帕曼评分均有明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。〈40岁的年龄组,促卵泡生成素（FSH）、雌二醇（E2）、促黄体生成（LH）均有改善,差异有统计学意义（P≤0.05）,40～44岁的年龄组,促卵泡生成素（FSH）有改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而雌二醇（E2）、促黄体生成（LH）均无改善（P〉0.05）。≥45岁的两个年龄组,促卵泡生成素（FSH）、雌二醇（E2）,促黄体生成（LH）均无改善（P〉0.05）。结论：归芍地黄汤合生脉散加减可以改善围绝经期综合征患者各年龄组的临床症状,有助于各年龄段的围绝经期妇女平稳度过围绝经期。     

西藏高原三种红景天离体枝条对昆明温度的响应研究

对采集自我国西藏自治区3个地区,分别属于3个不同种的红景天离体枝条在昆明的室温条件下进行新梢生长、根的发生及开花的观测,在昆明室温(室内散射光照;温度17~26℃)条件下,离体枝条均能够长出新梢,并很快开花,水培第7天新梢长度平均达到2.7 cm,2.3 cm和5.5 cm。水培5天后就喜玛红景天和齿叶红景天能观察到开花的新梢,至水培第7天有根生长的仅为长鞭红景天,其余两种红景天至第10天也未观察到生根现象。这些特性对于了解红景天的生物学特性,尤其是从营养生长到生殖生长的快速转化,以及为今后红景天的资源保护、人工繁殖、遗传生理、人工栽培研究有重要意义。     

Question prompt lists and endorsement of question‐asking support patients to get the information they seek—A longitudinal qualitative study

IntroductionQuestion prompt lists (QPLs) have been found to support patients to ask questions and improve the information they receive from doctors. However, some QPL tools, which have been available online for almost 15 years, have little published data on their impact in real‐world settings. This study''s aim was to understand patients'' attitudes and experiences accessing health information and to assess the impact of introducing two generic QPLs over 3 months.MethodsA longitudinal qualitative study consisting of three semi‐structured interviews over a three‐month period was conducted with 31 purposively selected participants, adults ≥18 years, recruited online and through social media. Participants were introduced to two different QPLs currently available online (‘Question Builder’; ‘AskShareKnow’). Inductive thematic analysis of a total of 92 semi‐structured telephone interviews was conducted during May–November 2020.ResultsThree main themes are described. (1) Participants described barriers and facilitators to accessing health information: navigating a complex health system; difficulty asking questions of their healthcare professionals and that they value doctors with good communication skills. (2) QPLs helped some participants recognize the role of question‐asking in consultations, made them feel more empowered and helped them prepare and prioritize. (3) Participants wanted QPLs to be easier to use, be accessible when needed and that question‐asking and QPLs should be normalized in medical consultations.ConclusionsWell‐designed and easily accessible QPLs can empower people to ask questions and be more involved in decisions about their health care. Endorsement of question‐asking in consultations by healthcare professionals and providing QPL tools at the point of contact with health services will be key to realizing the potential of QPLs.Patient or Public ContributionThis study was completed in conjunction with a reference group consisting of a consumer representative, representatives from the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, Healthdirect Australia Ltd., and the research team.     

Ni-Ti网状记忆合金支架治疗BPH远期疗效观察

目的：观察Ni—Ti网状记忆合金支架治疗BPH的远期疗效。方法：分析Ni—Ti网状记忆合金支架治疗BPH患者182例的临床资料,其中国产支架139例,进口支架43例。结果：182例患者中有94例远期效果良好,有效率达51．6％（其中国产组38．1％,进口组95．4％）。结论：Ni—Ti网状记忆合金支架治疗BPH远期疗效尚可,可以做为高危且预计生存期相对较长患者的一种安全可靠的治疗方法,进口支架效果尤佳。     

Embedding health literacy research and best practice within a socioeconomically and culturally diverse health service: A narrative case study and revised model of co‐creation

BackgroundHealth literacy interventions and research outcomes are not routinely or systematically implemented within healthcare systems. Co‐creation with stakeholders is a potential vehicle through which to accelerate and scale up the implementation of innovation from research.MethodsThis narrative case study describes an example of the application of a co‐creation approach to improve health literacy in an Australian public health system that provides hospital and community health services to one million people from socioeconomically and culturally diverse backgrounds. We provide a detailed overview of the value co‐creation stages and strategies used to build a practical and sustainable working relationship between a University‐based academic research group and the local health district focussed on improving health literacy.ResultsInsights from our experience over a 5‐year period informed the development of a revised model of co‐creation. The model incorporates a practical focus on the structural enablers of co‐creation, including the development of a Community of Practice, co‐created strategic direction and shared management systems. The model also includes a spectrum of partnership modalities (spanning relationship‐building, partnering and co‐creating), acknowledging the evolving nature of research partnerships and reinforcing the flexibility and commitment required to achieve meaningful co‐creation in research. Four key facilitators of health literacy co‐creation are identified: (i) local champions, (ii) co‐generated resources, (iii) evolving capability and understanding and (iv) increasing trust and partnership synergy.ConclusionOur case study and co‐creation model provide insights into mechanisms to create effective and collaborative ways of working in health literacy which may be transferable to other health fields in Australia and beyond.Patient and Public ContributionOur co‐creation approach brought together a community of practice of consumers, healthcare professionals and researchers as equal partners.     

蒙药白花龙胆花总黄酮提取工艺及醇提物的抗炎活性研究

目的建立蒙药白花龙胆花总黄酮提取工艺,确定其醇提物的抗炎活性。方法根据单因素试验结果,选择乙醇浓度(A)、料液比(B)、提取时间(C)为3个考察因素,每个因素设置3个水平,利用L9(3)4正交表做正交提取试验,以芦丁为对照品,以总黄酮含量为评价指标,确定白花龙胆花总黄酮最佳提取工艺,并通过小鼠耳肿胀实验和肉芽肿实验评价其醇提物的抗炎活性。结果白花龙胆花总黄酮最佳提取工艺为:70%乙醇,料液比1:30,提取时间为20 min,醇提物在一定浓度下具有较强抗炎活性。结论各因素对白花龙胆花中总黄酮提取影响的顺序是料液比>乙醇浓度>提取时间,白花龙胆花醇提物有明显的抗炎作用。     

Cyclic ovarian changes in artificial vaginal mucosa

A case of congenital absence of uterus, vagina and hymen has been presented with a simple method of producing a satisfactory artificial vagina without resort to major surgery, while the patient may be kept ambulatory.Cyclic ovarian changes have been demonstrated in the artificial vaginal mucosa with differentiation of the two phases (follicular and luteal) in the vaginal smears. A cornification curve representing the variable quantitative level of estrin secretion would appear to follow the approximate anticipated pattern in accord with the cyclic phases. The approximate times of ovulation and menstruation have been hypothicated.     

‘I'm having jelly because you've been bad!’: A grounded theory study of mealtimes with siblings in Australian families

Obesity prevention interventions have been designed to promote responsive feeding in early childhood. However, existing interventions primarily target first-time mothers without considering the complexities of feeding multiple children within a family unit. By applying principles of Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT), this study aimed to explore how mealtimes are enacted in families with more than one child. A mixed-methods study was conducted with parent–sibling triads (n = 18 families) in South East Queensland, Australia. Data included direct mealtime observations, semistructured interviews, field notes, and memos. Data were analysed using open and focused coding, during which constant comparative analysis was applied. The sample comprised of two-parent families with children ranging in age from 12 to 70 months (median sibling age difference = 24 months). A conceptual model was developed to map sibling-related processes integral to the enactment of mealtimes in families. Notably, this model captured feeding practices used by siblings, such as pressure to eat and overt restriction, that previously had only been described in parents. It also documented feeding practices used by parents that may occur only in the presence of a sibling, such as leveraging sibling competitiveness and rewarding a child to vicariously condition their sibling's behaviour. The conceptual model demonstrates complexities in feeding that give shape to the overall family food environment. Findings from this study can inform the design of early feeding interventions that support parents to remain responsive, particularly when their perceptions and expectations of siblings differ.