指数程序升温药物稳定性试验

介绍了一种新的程序升温(指数程序升温)药物稳定性预测加速试验方法及计算方法。在这一新的程序升温方法中,温度每升高10℃,升温速率将增大2～4倍:dT/dt=a^(T-T₀)/10·(dT/dt)₀,使药物在高温和低温范围内的降解程度尽可能一致,提高了试验准确度。采用单因素优选法和数值积分法处理试验数据,避免了任何近似处理,使计算结果准确可靠。与线性升温、倒数升温和对数升温加速试验进行了对比,结果表明,指数程序升温法的准确性优于其它3种升温法。     

Relationship of Psychosocial Risk Factors, Certain Personality Traits and Myocardial Infarction in Indians: A Case�Ccontrol Study

Objective:

To investigate the relationship of psychosocial factors (lack of social support, stress and subjective well-being) and personality traits with myocardial infarction (MI).

Materials and Methods:

A case–control study involving 100 cases and 100 matched controls was conducted in Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi.

Results:

Stress over 1 year was significantly higher in cases (P < 0.001). However, difference was not significant when scores of social support (P = 0.2), Presumptive Stressful Life Event (PSLE) over lifetime (P = 0.058) and subjective well-being (P = 0.987) were compared. MI was significantly associated with hyperactive (P < 0.001), dominant (P = 0.03), egoistic (P < 0.001) and introvert (P < 0.001) personalities.

Conclusion:

Certain personality traits and recent stress may be important risk factors of MI, especially in Indians. The finding may have implications on the preventive strategies planned for MI patients.     

漫反射光谱法研究维生素C与片剂辅料的相互作用

漫反射是一束光射到一定厚度的不透明不光滑固体表面上,光被部分吸收和部分散射后,向各个方向的反射。反射光的分数称为反射率。测定反射率时一般与某种白色粉末(例如硫酸钡)相比较,测得的反射率为相对反射率。以相对反射率对波长作图所得的曲线称为漫反射光     

I Get by with a Little Help from my Family and Friends: Adolescents' Support for Diabetes Care

Evaluated and compared the support provided by family membersand friends for adolescents' diabetes care. Family and friendsupport also were examined in relation to other measures ofsocial support, to demographic variables (age, gender, durationof diabetes) and to adherence. Using a structured interview,74 adolescents with diabetes described the ways that familymembers and friends provided support for diabetes management(insulin shots, blood glucose monitoring, eating proper meals,exercise), and for helping them to "feel good about their diabetes."Families provided more support than friends for three managementtasks (insulin injections, blood glucose monitoring, meals);this support was largely instrumental. In contrast, friendsprovided more emotional support for diabetes than families.Greater family support was related to younger age, shorter diseaseduration, and better treatment adherence. Implications of thefindings include encouraging parents to remain involved in adolescents'treatment management, and involving peers as supportive companionsfor meals and exercise.     

Influence of family structure on health among youths with diabetes

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder and is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. The study discussed in this article examined the extent to which family structure is significantly associated with health in youths with Type 1 diabetes. A convenience sample of 155 children with diabetes and their mothers completed face-to-face interviews; multiple regression analyses were conducted. Findings demonstrated that family structure remains a significant predictor of youths' health when statistically controlling for race, child's age, family socioeconomic status, and adherence. Social workers in outpatient medical settings are in a unique position to develop family-oriented strategies targeting this neglected area of primary care.     

Cultural relevancy of a diabetes prevention nutrition program for African American women

Diabetes among African American women is a pressing health concern, yet there are few evaluated culturally relevant prevention programs for this population. This article describes a case study of the Eat Well Live Well Nutrition Program, a community-based, culturally specific diabetes prevention nutrition program for African American women. The stages of change theory and principles from community organization guided the development of the program. Health education strategies, including participatory development and program delivery by peer educators, were applied to promote cultural relevance. Results indicated that overall participants (90%) believed the program to be culturally relevant and were very satisfied with the program (82%). Cultural relevancy was significantly associated with greater program satisfaction and changes in dietary patterns when controlling for the number of sessions attended. Conclusions suggest that participatory strategies can be effective in designing culturally specific prevention programs for African American women.