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91.
Karelis AD St-Pierre DH Conus F Rabasa-Lhoret R Poehlman ET 《The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism》2004,89(6):2569-2575
Obesity is thought to be a heterogeneous disorder with several possible etiologies; therefore, by examining subtypes of obesity we attempt to understand obesity's heterogeneous nature. The purpose of this review was to investigate the roles of metabolic, body composition, and cardiovascular disease risk in subtypes of obesity. We briefly consider two subtypes of obesity that have been identified in the literature. One subset of individuals, termed the metabolically healthy, but obese (MHO), despite having large amounts of fat mass compared with at risk obese individuals shows a normal metabolic profile, but remarkably normal to high levels of insulin sensitivity. Preliminary evidence suggests that this could be due at least in part to lower visceral fat levels and earlier onset of obesity. A second subset, termed the metabolically obese, but normal weight (MONW), present with normal body mass index, but have significant risk factors for diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease, which could be due to higher fat mass and plasma triglycerides as well as higher visceral fat and liver content. We also briefly consider the potential role of adipose and gastrointestinal hormonal profiles in MHO and MONW individuals, which could lead to a better understanding of potential factors that may regulate their body composition. This information will eventually be invaluable in helping us understand factors that predispose to or protect obese individuals from metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Collectively, a greater understanding of the MHO and MONW individual has important implications for therapeutic decision making, the characterization of subjects in research protocols, and medical education. 相似文献
92.
Bourantas CV Loh HP Sherwi N Tweddel AC de Silva R Lukaschuk EI Nicholson A Rigby AS Thackray SD Ettles DF Nikitin NP Clark AL Cleland JG 《Heart failure reviews》2012,17(2):229-239
Aortic atherosclerosis reduces compliance in the systemic circulation and increases peripheral resistance, afterload and left ventricular wall stress. In patients with heart failure, these changes can impair left ventricular systolic function and energy efficiency, which could reduce exercise capacity. Though the interaction and the impact of aortic atherosclerosis on left ventricular function have been investigated, its prognostic implications in patients with heart failure are unclear. We used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and gadolinium-enhanced abdominal aortography to investigate the prevalence and prognostic impact of atherosclerotic disease of the abdominal aorta and its side branches in 355 patients with heart failure. Sclerotic abdominal aortic disease was defined as a luminal narrowing >50% of the aorta and its side branches or the presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Patients with disease of the aorta and its branches were older (P?0.0001), had overall longer stay in hospital (P?=?0.006) and had more admissions (P?=?0.001) and worse prognosis (hazard ratio: 1.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.29-3.00, P?=?0.002) than those without. In a multivariable model, increasing age and pulse pressure, diabetes mellitus and increasing left ventricular end-diastolic volume were associated with a worse prognosis, but sclerotic abdominal aortic disease was not independently related to outcome (hazard ratio: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 0.64-1.74; P?=?0.823). These data demonstrate that atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta and its side branches is common and associated with increased morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure. How such disease should be managed remains uncertain, but its recognition and characterisation are the first steps in finding out. 相似文献
93.
Antony P. Black Vilaysone Khounvisith Kinnaly Xaydalasouk Kong Sayasinh Aurelie Sausy Claude P. Muller Judith M. Hübschen 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(1):256
During 2017–2019, a total of 88/753 (11.7%) of patients 5–90 years of age in hospitals in Saravan Province, Laos, were seropositive for hepatitis C virus antibodies. Viral RNA was found in 44 samples. Sequencing showed high diversity within genotype 6. We recommend exposure-risk investigations and targeted testing and treatment. 相似文献
94.
A Srivastava H S Boswell N A Heerema P Nahreini R C Lauer A C Antony R Hoffman G J Tricot 《Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics》1988,35(1):61-71
The factors that initiate and maintain the abnormal hematopoietic clone in the myelo-dysplastic syndromes (MDS) remain largely unknown. We describe a patient with MDS associated with an abnormal karyotype, 46,XY,t(5;12)(q31;p12). According to the FAB cooperative group classification, the patient was classified as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Because of the particular chromosomal translocation, the structure-function relationship of three genes relevant to the translocation breakpoints, CSF2, FMS, and KRAS2, was studied in bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes in this patient. No major structural alterations were observed at these three genetic loci. Although the levels of expression of the CSF2 and FMS genes remained unaltered, the KRAS2 oncogene was overexpressed approximately six-fold in bone marrow cells from the MDS patient compared with normal donors. We postulate that the RAS oncogene activation may be instrumental in the genesis of MDS. 相似文献
95.
Immunoliposomes were prepared using rabbit anti-AMV gp80 IgG for the targeted chemotherapy of avian myeloblastosis virus infection. Adriamycin was encapsulated into immunoliposomes and used for in vivo studies. Comparative pharmacokinetics of free drug, drug encapsulated in free liposomes and of drug encapsulated in immunoliposomes in the virus-infected cells revealed that (i) the drug encapsulated in liposomes was cleared from the plasma slowly, and (ii) the drug encapsulated in immunoliposomes accumulated in the target tissue, the bone marrow, 5- and 8.5-fold more than the drug encapsulated in free liposomes and free drug, respectively. The drug encapsulated in immunoliposomes inactivated the virus and exhibited more chemotherapeutic efficacy as compared to controls when injected up to 24 h post-infection. However, when injected 48 h post-infection the drug encapsulated in immunoliposomes did not offer any protection against the virus infection. There is no detectable antibody response against immunoliposomes in the infected animals. 相似文献
96.
97.
Retrieving the Amplatz retrievable vena cava filter 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
David W. Hunter Gunnar Lund Joseph A. Rysavy Wilfrido Castaneda-Zuniga John F. Cardella Antony T. Young Zeev Vladover III Kurt Amplatz M.D. 《Cardiovascular and interventional radiology》1987,10(1):32-36
The new Amplatz retrievable filter was placed 15 times into the inferior vena cava (IVC) of 7 dogs. Retrieval of the filter
was attempted in 11 cases after 1 week and in 3 cases after 2 weeks. The retrieval was successful and without complication
in all 14 cases. The 15th placement resulted in thrombotic occlusion of the IVC, and no retrieval was attempted. 相似文献
98.
Khan AZ Miles WF Singh KK 《Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A》2005,15(4):374-378
BACKGROUND: The majority of patients with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract malignancy present at a stage where cure of disease is not possible. The aim of treatment in these patients is effective palliation. Various interventions have been described for the palliation of biliary and gastric outlet obstruction including open surgery, endoscopic and transparietal stent placement. Laparoscopic bypass appears to have the advantage of decreased postoperative pain and shorter hospital stay as well as offer effective palliation. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic bypass in patients with incurable UGI tract malignancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between August 2000 and April 2002 laparoscopic gastric and biliary bypass concurrently or alone was attempted in 19 consecutive patients with unresectable carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, adenocarcinoma of the stomach, cholangiocarcinoma of the distal common bile duct, or adenocarcinoma of the duodenum. The operative time, length of postoperative stay, complications, and the effectiveness of the procedure in terms of the ability to sustain oral nutrition and or the relief of obstructive jaundice were recorded and used as outcome measures. RESULTS: Laparoscopic bypass was successful in 18 out of 19 cases. The mean operative time for a single bypass was 164 minutes while the average postoperative hospital stay was 11 days. All patients were able to sustain oral nutrition during the course of their hospital stay and or had effective relief from their obstructive jaundice. Two patients died from procedure unrelated causes within 30 days of the operation. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic bypass appears to be a safe and effective means of palliation for patients with unresectable UGI tract tumors and should replace open surgical palliation in this group of patients. 相似文献
99.
100.
Antony Parker Juan Irure Ventura Dawn Sims Ainara Echeverría de Carlos Ricardo Gómez de la Torre Lourdes Tricas Aizpún 《Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry》2017,38(5):514-522
IgG2 is the most efficient subclass for providing protection against pneumococcal pathogens. We hypothesised that some individuals may be unable to mount an effective pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PCP) IgG2 response despite having a normal PCP IgG concentration (PCP IgG2 deficient). The median pre-vaccination PCP IgG2 concentration was significantly lower in individuals referred for immunological investigation compared to healthy controls (2.8 mg/L range, 95% CI 1.1–88 vs. 29.5mg/L, 95% CI 13.5–90, p = 0.0002). PCP IgG:IgG2 ratios were significantly higher for the referral population than for healthy controls suggesting the increased production of PCP specific subclasses other than IgG2. The percentage of individuals with PCP IgG2 deficiency was significantly higher in referral groups compared to controls (31% vs. 5%; p = 0.0009) and in an individual with PCP IgG2 deficiency, the balance of PCP specific IgG subclass antibodies post vaccination changed from IgG2>IgG1>IgG3>IgG4 to IgG1>IgG3>IgG2>IgG4. The median PCP IgG2 concentration in those with PCP IgG2 deficiency was significantly lower in the referral groups compared to controls (7.8 mg/L, 95% CI 1.1–12 vs. 12.7 mg/L, 95% CI 11.8–13.1; p = 0.006). The data suggests a defect in the production PCP IgG2 may be present in individuals with normal PCP IgG referred for immunological investigation. 相似文献