Efficacy of rapid maxillary expansion in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: 36 months of follow-up

Purpose  

In view of the positive outcome of orthodontic treatment using rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on sleep-disordered breathing, we generated data on RME in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by evaluating objective and subjective data over a 36-month follow-up period, to determine whether RME is effective in the long-term treatment of OSA. We selected all patients with dental malocclusions and OSA syndrome (OSAS) confirmed by polysomnography.     

Obstacles to comprehensive dental care in patients with sustained limitations of their decision‐making abilities: findings from a Delphi study

The objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic limitations experienced by a panel of special‐care dentists in France when treating patients with sustained limitations of their decision‐making abilities. We used a Delphi technique conducted in three rounds from 01 June 2014 to 30 September 2015. A first questionnaire comprising open‐ended questions was addressed to 72 panellists. A content analysis of the returned questionnaires served to draft a second questionnaire comprising closed‐ended questions; this was sent to the 28 panellists who responded in the first round. A third questionnaire was sent to the 20 panellists who responded in the second round to give them an opportunity to reconsider their response in the context of the second‐round response group. Sixteen panellists answered the last round. A large majority agreed on the importance of providing comprehensive care, but they encountered obstacles at two time points: (i) when proposing the care; and (ii) when setting it up. The panel put forward recommendations in two main areas: (i) the training of those involved in oral health decisions; and (ii) dental care management and organization of the care system. The study provided a foundation for building future orientations in health care for patients with limited decision‐making abilities.     

Pulmonary fibrolysis in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: improvement of clinical and radiological pattern after treatment with pirfenidone

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial pneumonia associated with the histologic and/or radiologic pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Nowadays, the high‐resolution computed tomography pattern of “definite UIP” is enough to define a diagnosis of UIP without histological proof. This is pivotal especially in elderly patients with comorbidities. Early recognition of IPF is relevant for its prognostic implication. Some pharmacological strategies have been proposing novel molecules that tend to slow lung function decline, even though without healing fibrosis. We report a case of ex‐heavy smoker male with IPF showing clinical and radiological improvement after 11 months of treatment with Pirfenidone. The definite diagnosis was challenging and it was reached by a multidisciplinary approach.     

The importance of calcium in the regulation of megakaryocyte function

Platelet release by megakaryocytes is regulated by a concert of environmental and autocrine factors. We previously showed that constitutively released adenosine diphosphate by human megakaryocytes leads to platelet production. Here we show that adenosine diphosphate elicits, in human megakaryocytes, an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration, followed by a plateau, which is lowered in the absence of extracellular calcium, suggesting the involvement of Store-Operated Calcium Entry. Indeed, we demonstrate that megakaryocytes express the major candidates to mediate Store-Operated Calcium Entry, stromal interaction molecule 1, Orai1 and canonical transient receptor potential 1, which are activated upon either pharmacological or physiological depletion of the intracellular calcium pool. This mechanism is inhibited by phospholipase C or inositol-3-phosphate receptor inhibitors and by a specific calcium entry blocker. Studies on megakaryocyte behavior, on extracellular matrix proteins that support proplatelet extension, show that calcium mobilization from intracellular stores activates signaling cascades that trigger megakaryocyte adhesion and proplatelet formation, and promotes extracellular calcium entry which is primarily involved in the regulation of the contractile force responsible for megakaryocyte motility. These findings provide the first evidence that both calcium mobilization from intracellular stores and extracellular calcium entry specifically regulate human megakaryocyte functions.     

Small Bowel Ultrasound beyond Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Updated Review of the Recent Literature

The use of bowel ultrasonography (US) for the evaluation of gut diseases has increased in recent years and has been proven to provide a widely available, non-invasive and inexpensive method for the initial work-up and follow-up of different intestinal diseases, limited mostly by technical challenges posed by the patient's anatomy. The present review aims to provide an extensive overview of the main pathologic features at US examination of intestinal diseases other than inflammatory bowel disease, both acute (e.g., acute appendicitis, colonic diverticulitis, infectious diseases and ischemic conditions) and chronic (e.g., celiac disease, cystic fibrosis and other enterocolites). The identification of typical US features may help in the diagnostic process and guide the treatment approach. Therefore, the application of knowledge of the US appearance of gastrointestinal diseases is of relevance in enabling greater diagnostic performance and better patient management.     

Tooth sensitivity and efficacy of in-office bleaching in restored teeth

ObjectivesThe aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate efficacy (BE) and tooth sensitivity (TS) of in-office bleaching with a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) in patients with aesthetic restorations.MethodsHydrogen peroxide 35% was applied in two sessions, of three 15 min applications, in 15 patients with upper anterior sound teeth (S) and 15 with aesthetic restorations (R). The colour was recorded at baseline, one week and 6 months after treatment completion. Patients recorded TS on a 0–4 scale. The BE was evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). The percentage of patients with TS was evaluated by Fisher's exact test and TS intensity of treatments was compared with Mann–Whitney U-test (α = 0.05).ResultsAll participants experienced TS at least once during treatment. Higher TS intensity was observed in R (1.5 [1/1.75]) compared to S (0.5 [0/1.25]) during the bleaching (p < 0.05). S and R demonstrated similar tooth colour enhancement compared to baseline (p < 0.05) and both presented colour stability after 6 months of evaluation (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe in-office bleaching with 35% HP was effective in patients with aesthetic restorations, however, a higher intensity of TS was observed during the bleaching protocol.Clinical relevanceIn-office dental bleaching can be performed in patients with adhesive restorations promoting satisfactory results; however, it can promote higher intensity of sensitivity compared to patients with sound teeth.     

Uniportal video assisted thoracic surgery: summary of experience,mini-review and perspectives

The uniportal-video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) technique comprises operations which can be performed with skin incisions ranging from 2 to 8 cm and the manifest result of the introduction of the uniportal lobectomy had made possible to increase rapidly the number of published papers on this subject. Many of the large ensuing literature report incomplete historical information on uniportal VATS, and doubts exist about the indication of uniportal VATS for some thoracic oncologic pathologies. Known limitations have been overcome. On the other hand, the modern thoracic surgical team includes one surgeon, one assistant and a scrub nurse, and it is clear that the new generation of thoracic surgeons need to use the “less” used hand. The new technology which permitted the introduction of the uniportal VATS could influence the future need of thoracic surgeons worldwide.