全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11510篇 |
免费 | 733篇 |
国内免费 | 55篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 305篇 |
儿科学 | 288篇 |
妇产科学 | 312篇 |
基础医学 | 1655篇 |
口腔科学 | 439篇 |
临床医学 | 950篇 |
内科学 | 2652篇 |
皮肤病学 | 204篇 |
神经病学 | 1293篇 |
特种医学 | 256篇 |
外科学 | 1055篇 |
综合类 | 21篇 |
一般理论 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 696篇 |
眼科学 | 132篇 |
药学 | 713篇 |
中国医学 | 41篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1281篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 109篇 |
2022年 | 275篇 |
2021年 | 433篇 |
2020年 | 276篇 |
2019年 | 326篇 |
2018年 | 358篇 |
2017年 | 301篇 |
2016年 | 362篇 |
2015年 | 389篇 |
2014年 | 520篇 |
2013年 | 627篇 |
2012年 | 959篇 |
2011年 | 1069篇 |
2010年 | 543篇 |
2009年 | 464篇 |
2008年 | 806篇 |
2007年 | 738篇 |
2006年 | 659篇 |
2005年 | 684篇 |
2004年 | 614篇 |
2003年 | 562篇 |
2002年 | 490篇 |
2001年 | 71篇 |
2000年 | 50篇 |
1999年 | 70篇 |
1998年 | 93篇 |
1997年 | 63篇 |
1996年 | 45篇 |
1995年 | 51篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 37篇 |
1992年 | 32篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
951.
952.
Alessandra Nicoletti MSc Pierfrancesco Pugliese MD Giuseppe Nicoletti MD Gennarina Arabia MSc Grazia Annesi PhD Michele De Mari MD Paolo Lamberti MD Lucia Grasso LLD Roberto Marconi MD Antonio Epifanio MD Letterio Morgante MD Autilia Cozzolino MD Paolo Barone MD Giusi Torchia TNFP Aldo Quattrone MD Mario Zappia MD 《Movement disorders》2010,25(14):2387-2394
We evaluated the possible association between smoking, coffee drinking, and alcohol consumption and Parkinson's disease (PD). The FRAGAMP study is a large Italian multicenter case–control study carried out to evaluate the possible role of environmental and genetic factors in PD. Adjusted ORs were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Smoking, coffee, and alcohol consumption were also considered as surrogate markers of lifestyle and analysis was carried out considering the presence of at least one, two, or three factors. This latter analysis was separately performed considering Tremor‐Dominant (TD) and Akinetic‐Rigid (AR) patients. Four hundred ninety‐two PD patients (292 men and 200 women) and 459 controls (160 men and 299 women) were enrolled in the study. Multivariate analysis showed a significant negative association between PD and cigarette smoking (OR 0.51; 95%CI 0.36–0.72), coffee drinking (OR 0.61; 95%CI 0.43–0.87) and wine consumption (OR 0.62; 95%CI 0.44–0.86); a significant trend dose‐effect (P < 0.05) has been found for all the factors studied. We have also found a trend dose‐effect for the presence of at least one, two or three factors with a greater risk reduction (83%) for the presence of three factors. However, a different strength of association between TD and AR was found with a greater risk reduction for the AR patients. We found a significant inverse association between PD smoking, coffee, and alcohol consumption. When analysis was carried out considering the association of these factors as possible surrogate markers of a peculiar lifestyle the association was stronger for the AR phenotype. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society. 相似文献
953.
Dacci P Dina G Cerri F Previtali SC Lopez ID Lauria G Feltri ML Bolino A Comi G Wrabetz L Quattrini A 《Glia》2010,58(16):2005-2016
Numerous transgenic and knockout mouse models of human hereditary neuropathies have become available over the past decade. We describe a simple, reproducible, and safe biopsy of mouse skin for histopathological evaluation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in models of hereditary neuropathies. We compared the diagnostic outcome between sciatic nerve and dermal nerves found in skin biopsy (SB) from the hind foot. A total of five animal models of different Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies, and one model of congenital muscular dystrophy associated neuropathy were examined. In wild type mice, dermal nerve fibers were readily identified by immunohistochemistry, light, and electron microscopy and they appeared similar to myelinated fibers in sciatic nerve. In mutant mice, SB manifested myelin abnormalities similar to those observed in sciatic nerves, including hypomyelination, onion bulbs, myelin outfolding, redundant loops, and tomacula. In many strains, however, SB showed additional abnormalities--fiber loss, dense neurofilament packing with lower phosphorylation status, and axonal degeneration-undetected in sciatic nerve, possibly because SB samples distal nerves. SB, a reliable technique to investigate peripheral neuropathies in human beings, is also useful to investigate animal models of hereditary neuropathies. Our data indicate that SB may reveal distal axonal pathology in mouse models and permits sequential follow-up of the neuropathy in an individual mouse, thereby reducing the number of mice necessary to document pathology of the PNS. 相似文献
954.
Silvia Rossi Valentina De Chiara Roberto Furlan Alessandra Musella Francesca Cavasinni Luca Muzio Giorgio Bernardi Gianvito Martino Diego Centonze 《Brain, behavior, and immunity》2010,24(8):1379-1385
It is increasingly accepted that excessive glutamate release plays a key role in the pathophysiology of grey matter damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). The mechanisms causing abnormal glutamate transmission in this disorder are however largely unexplored. By means of electrophysiological recordings from single striatal neurons in slices, we found that the presymptomatic and acute phases of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of MS, are associated with enhanced synaptic release of glutamate. The reverse mode of action of axonal Na+/Ca++ exchanger, secondary to abnormal functioning of voltage-dependent Na+ channels, was identified as a major cause of this alteration. In fact, inhibition of the Na+/Ca++ exchanger with bepridil or with KB-R7943, which selectively blocks the reverse mode of the exchanger, reduced the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) recorded from striatal neurons in EAE mice but not in control animals. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a blocker of voltage-dependent Na+ channels, the effect of bepridil was normalized in acute (25 days post-immunization) EAE mice, indicating that axonal accumulation of Na+ ions flowing through voltage-dependent Na+ channels plays a role in the abnormal activity of the Na+/Ca++ exchanger in EAE.Our data reveal an important role of Na+/Ca++ exchanger and of voltage-dependent Na+ channels in the pathological process of EAE, and provide a rationale for the use of neuroprotective strategies since the very early stages of MS. 相似文献
955.
956.
957.
Class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110γ is a master regulator of both leukocyte and cardiomyocyte function. Whereas in the immune system p110γ is principally involved in the control of leukocyte chemotaxis and inflammatory reactions, in cardiomyocytes p110γ affects multiple aspects of β-adrenergic receptor signaling and cardiac function. Because inflammatory cell recruitment/activation and cardiac dysfunction are strictly connected, p110γ has recently been revealed as a promising target for drug design in the treatment of heart failure. This review discusses recent works that dissect the relative contribution of leukocyte p110γ and its cardiac counterpart in the onset and progression of pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and the ensuing therapeutic implications. 相似文献
958.
Alessandra Testa Francesca Mallamaci Francesco A Benedetto Anna Pisano Giovanni Tripepi Lorenzo Malatino Ravi Thadhani Carmine Zoccali 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2010,25(2):313-319
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong cardiovascular risk marker in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Vitamin D deficiency and/or disturbed vitamin D signaling has been implicated in LVH in experimental models. Because the BsmI vitamin D receptor VDR gene polymorphism may alter VDR function, we performed a cross‐sectional and longitudinal study in a cohort of 182 dialysis patients to investigate (1) the relationship between BsmI VDR gene polymorphism and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) measured by echocardiography and (2) the predictive power of this polymorphism for progression in LVH over a 18 ± 2 months of follow‐up. As a reference group, we used 175 healthy subjects matched to the study population as for age and sex. The distribution of BsmI genotypes did not significantly deviate from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium either in patients or in the control group of healthy subjects. The frequency of the B allele of BsmI polymorphism (40.4%) in dialysis patients was similar to that of healthy control subjects (38.6%), and the number of B alleles was directly related to LVMI (r = 0.20, P = .007). This relationship remained robust (β = 0.19, P = .006) in multivariate analysis adjusting for traditional and nontraditional risk factors and antihypertensive and calcitriol treatment. In the longitudinal study, LVMI rose from 60.1 ± 17.9 to 64.2 ± 19.3 g/m2.7 (P < .001), and again, the number of B alleles was associated with LVMI changes both in crude and in fully adjusted analyses. These cross‐sectional and longitudinal observations coherently support the hypothesis that altered vitamin D signaling is implicated in LVH in ESRD patients. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 相似文献
959.
Fabiana Tammaro Alberto Bettinelli Donatella Cattarelli Alessandra Cavazza Carla Colombo Marie-Louise Syrén Silvana Tedeschi Mario G. Bianchetti 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》2010,25(10):2179-2182
Inactivating mutations in the SLC12A3 gene that encodes the thiazide-sensitive co-transporter causes Gitelman syndrome. The main features of this syndrome include
normal or low blood pressure, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and hyperreninemia. These patients
are at low risk for preterm birth and do not present with symptoms before school age. As a consequence, the condition is usually
diagnosed in late childhood or in adult life. We report on four patients, two pairs of prematurely born twins, in whom hypokalemia
was demonstrated early in life. In these children, a tendency towards hypokalemia was first noted during the third week of
life. Overt hypokalemia subsequently appeared associated with normal blood pressure, hypochloremia, hyperreninemia, and an
inappropriately high fractional excretion of potassium and chloride. Molecular biology studies failed to detect mutations
in the SLC12A1, KCNJ1, and CLCNKB genes responsible for the Bartter syndromes type I, II and III, respectively. Compound heterozygous mutations in the SLC12A3 gene were detected in both pairs of twins: a frameshift mutation in exon 10 (c.1196_1202dup7bp), leading to the truncated
protein p.Ser402X, and a missense mutation in exon 11, p.Ser475Cys (c.1424C>G) in the first pair; two missense mutations,
p.Thr392Ile (c.1175C>T) in exon 9 and p.Ser615Leu in exon 15 (c.1844C>T), in the second pair. In conclusion, the diagnosis
of Gitelman syndrome deserves consideration in infants with unexplained hypokalemia. 相似文献
960.
Giovanna Cantarella Alessandra Berlusconi Vincenzo Mele Filippo Cogiamanian Sergio Barbieri 《Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery》2010,143(2):214-137