中药肾毒性成分及其毒性机制研究进展

近年来,随着我国医药产业的稳步发展,中药作为补充和替代医学制剂在世界各地赢得了认可和信赖。然而,随着对中药的广泛应用和深入研究,中药的肾脏毒性引发了国内外学者的广泛关注。为保障中药临床应用的安全性,有必要深入研究并整理中药肾毒性成分及其毒性机制。在查阅近30年国内外常见中药肾毒性相关文献的基础上,对中药肾毒性成分及其毒性机制进行了总结与分析,以期为中药肾毒性深入研究提供思路,为中药安全合理应用提供参考。     

Needle biopsy of renal allografts: comparison of two techniques

Two techniques for renal allograft biopsy were retrospectively evaluated to compare relative safety and efficacy. After ultrasound (US) localization of the kidney and biopsy with a hand-held 14-gauge cutting needle, an adequate specimen was obtained in 74 of 77 cases (96%). Major complications occurred in six of these 77 cases (8%). One hundred four biopsies were performed by using a smaller 18-gauge cutting needle with a spring-loaded biopsy "gun" and real-time US guidance. With this newer technique, specimens adequate for diagnosis were obtained in 99 biopsies (95%). There was a single major complication with this technique (1%). The 18-gauge needle with real-time US guidance yields comparably adequate specimens with a lower frequency of complications.     

Outbreak of cholera in Ibadan, Nigeria

The changing epidemiology of cholera in Ibadan, Nigeria, has become a public health challenge, and outbreaks of the disease have been occurring with increasing frequency since the first outbreak in modern times in 1970. In this outbreak, 1384 persons were seen, diagnosed and treated for the disease at the cholera unit, Ibadan from January to December 1996. The outbreak lasted for a whole year. No child under one year was seen. The age adjusted case fatality rate was 5.3%. Diarrhoea and vomiting were the most common combination of symptoms present in 97.3% of all cases, followed by diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration (84.3%). The median number of days spent on admission was only 2 days. Cholera cases were clustered within the densely populated and poorly planned areas of the city. Though significantly more cases were seen during the rainy season than during the dry season (p < 0.01), the deaths were not seasonally related (p = 0.67). Contamination of otherwise potable sources of water, late presentation to the cholera treatment unit and low levels of knowledge about diseases need to be addressed in order to effectively control this disease in the community. Progress should also be made towards developing a suitable vaccine for the control of this internationally important public health disease so that the responsibility of its control is not left entirely to individuals and communities, particularly in developing countries.     

散发内淋巴囊瘤VHL基因位点微卫星标志杂合性丢失的研究

目的 探讨散发内淋巴囊瘤发病与VHL基因异常之间的关系。方法 采用组织微切割技术和多聚酶链式反应等方法对3例散发内淋巴囊瘤肿瘤细胞VHL基因位点染色体微卫星标志的杂合性丢失进行分析。结果 3例散发内淋巴囊瘤中有2例发生VHL基因位点微卫星标志的杂合性丢失,进一步的研究证实,该两例肿瘤细胞中分别存在着VHL基因第二外显子的异常。结论 VHL基因的异常导致其功能改变不但是VHL的致病原因,而且是散发性内淋巴囊瘤发病的重要的基因遗传学基础。     

对甲磺酰基苯乙烯环酮类衍生物的合成及抗炎活性

目的寻找新型高效低毒的非甾体抗炎药。方法合成对甲磺酰基苯乙烯环酮类衍生物，用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型和角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀模型评价其抗炎活性，并考察连续经口给药对大鼠胃肠道（GI）的影响。结果合成了9个新化合物（ZA_1-9），结构经IR，¹HNMR，MS和元素分析确证。小鼠试验表明ZA_3,5-9的抗炎活性与双氯芬酸钠(DC)和罗非昔布(RC)相当(P>0.05)，大鼠试验显示ZA_3,7,8的抗炎活性与DC和RC相当(P>0.05)， ZA₆的抗炎作用显著强于DC和RC(P<0.05)，ZA_3,5-9对GI损伤显著小于DC (P<0.05，P<0.01)，与RC相当(P>0.05)。结论对甲磺酰基苯乙烯环酮类衍生物的抗炎作用较强，GI不良反应小，值得进一步研究。     

自发性高血压大鼠血、尿III型前胶原水平变化及氯沙坦的干预作用

目的　探讨自发性高血压大鼠 (spontaneouslyhypertensiverat ,SHR)血、尿Ⅲ型前胶原 (ProcollagenⅢ ,PCⅢ )与早期肾脏损害的关系。方法　检测SHR及氯沙坦干预后血、尿PCⅢ水平。 14周龄雄性SHR16只随机分为高血压组和氯沙坦治疗组 (氯沙坦灌胃 3 0mg·kg-1·d-1)各 8只 ,14周龄雄性Wistar -kyoto大鼠 (WKY) 8只为正常对照组 ,16周后 ,放免法检测血、尿PCⅢ、尿微量白蛋白 (microalbumin ,ALB)及血、尿 β2 -微球蛋白 ( β2 -microglobin ,β2 -MG)。结果　SHR组尿PCⅢ、尿ALB及血、尿 β2 -MG水平明显高于WKY组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,三组血PCⅢ水平无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。氯沙坦可显著降低SHR组尿PCⅢ、尿 β2 -MG及尿ALB水平 ( P<0 0 5 )。血、尿PCⅢ无相关性 (r =0 2 2 6,P <0 0 5 )。尿PCⅢ与尿 β2 -MG(r =0 813 ,P <0 0 1)、尿ALB(r =0 5 60 ,P <0 0 1)、收缩压 (r =0 694,P <0 0 1)呈正相关。结论　SHR组尿PCⅢ、尿 β2 -MG、尿ALB水平升高 ,可一定程度反映高血压早期肾脏损害。氯沙坦可降低SHR血压、尿PCⅢ、尿 β2 -MG、尿ALB水平 ,对高血压肾脏有保护作用     

浅谈基层数字化医院的建设

该文综述了数字医院的发展现状和前景.对数字化医院的内涵,基层医院建设数字医院过程中涉及的医院信息资源的类型、制作、储存、检索、计算机远程会诊以及对工作人员知识结构的要求等方面进行了探讨,它适合建设有基层特点的基层数字化医院.     

Impact of the malaria parasite on reproductive indices of male mice

Aim:  To investigate the impact and possible mechanism of action of the rodent malarial parasite on reproduction.
Methods:  Male albino mice were infected with 15, 30 and 45% Plasmodium berghei berghei through inoculation with 10⁷ parasitized red blood cells. Each experiment had its own control that was not infected with P. berghei berghei . Mice infected with 15% P. berghei berghei were killed on days 0, 5, 10 and 15; those infected with 30% P. berghei berghei were killed on days 0, 3, 6 and 10; and those infected with 45% P. berghei berghei were killed on days 1–7 after infection. Caudal epididymal sperm motility, counts and morphology, body and wet organ weights and hematological indices were determined.
Results:  The results showed a progressive duration dependent decrease in sperm motility, sperm count and viability ( P  < 0.01) in parasitized mice. There were significant decreases in serum testosterone and increases in cortisol levels ( P  < 0.05) in the infected mice compared with the controls. There was also a progressive decrease ( P  < 0.05) in red blood cell count and packed cell volume. However, there was a progressive increase ( P  < 0.01) in white blood cell count and weight of the spleen and liver. There was no significant change in weight of the testis and epididymides.
Conclusion:  The results suggest that the malaria parasite could depress male fertility indices. (Reprod Med Biol 2006; 5 : 201–209)     

新疆博尔塔拉州居民肥胖及其危险因素分析

目的了解新疆博尔塔拉州维吾尔、哈萨克、蒙古、汉等4个民族中30岁以上人群的超重肥胖流行状况及其与心血管危险因素的关系，为肥胖防治提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法，对新疆博尔塔拉州4个民族30岁以上居民共3732人进行流行病学调查。结果居民超重和肥胖率分别为36．02％和27．39％；城市肥胖率高于农村；男、女性超重与肥胖总体上的差异无统计学意义，但超重率男性高于女性，肥胖率则女性高于男性。蒙古族居民超重和肥胖的危险最大，维吾尔族和汉族次之，哈萨克族最小；蒙古族男性和维吾尔族女性的肥胖问题较突出。影响各民族超重和肥胖率的因素主要是性别，民族，年龄，城乡，职业，文化程度，饮酒和肉食等，其中男性超重与肥胖者合并的危险因素多。结论新疆博尔塔拉州人群中超重和肥胖患病率较高，尤其是肥胖，已成为突出的公共卫生问题之一，其中男性肥胖者是心血管病的高危人群。