NF-κB/iNOS信号通路在感音神经性听力损失小鼠模型中对螺旋神经节的影响

  目的  探究在3-硝基丙酸（3-NP）诱导的感音神经性听力损失小鼠模型中核转录因子κB（NF-κB）/诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）信号通路的表达水平变化对听力损失的影响。   方法  本研究采用鼓室注射法进行动物建模。将C57BL/6雄性小鼠分为3个组,每组9只。3-NP组（鼓室内注射3-NP溶液）,3-NP+EVP4593组（鼓室内注射3-NP溶液,腹腔注射NF-κB抑制剂EVP4593溶液）,以及对照组〔鼓室内注射磷酸缓冲液（PBS）〕。在注射前后进行听性脑干反应检测。4周后取出耳蜗,并进行NF-κB p65、RelB、iNOS、Caspase-3抗体的免疫组织化学及实时荧光染色定量（qRT）-PCR检测。   结果  3-NP组小鼠反应阈值较对照组和3-NP+EVP4593组高（P<0.05）,且3-NP+EVP4593组的听阈比对照组高（P<0.05）。免疫荧光染色和qRT-PCR结果显示3-NP暴露可导致螺旋神经节区域NF-κB p65和RelB、iNOS表达较对照组增加（P<0.05）,其表达可随着EVP4593的应用而减少（P<0.05）。3-NP组螺旋神经节细胞Caspase-3表达高于对照组,3-NP+EVP4593组Caspase-3的表达较3-NP组减少（P<0.05）。   结论  3-NP可通过激活NF-κB/iNOS信号通路导致感音神经性听力损失模型小鼠的耳蜗螺旋神经节发生炎症反应,这可能在感音神经性听力损失的发病中起重要作用。     

匹罗卡品致痫大鼠海马神经肽Y中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

目的:探讨神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y,NPY)中间神经元在颞叶癫痫的发生和自我修复中的作用.方法:建立匹罗卡品致痫模型,应用免疫组织化学技术动态观察大鼠海马NPY中间神经元的数目变化及其轴突出芽.结果:实验组大鼠腹腔注射氯化锂-匹罗卡品后,癫痫持续状态(status epilepticus, SE)诱发成功率为92.9%,死亡率19.2%.免疫组织化学结果显示,实验组大鼠海马门区NPY中间神经元数目在SE后下降,至7 d时降至最低(P<0.01),慢性期开始恢复,SE后60 d时NPY神经元数目与对照组相比仍有减少(P<0.05);CA区域除SE后7 d CA3区NPY神经元数目稍减少外(P<0.05),其余时间点均无明显变化(P>0.05);SE后30 d齿状回分子层可见增多的NPY阳性纤维.结论:NPY中间神经元在不同部位不同时段对颞叶癫痫所致损伤的敏感性不同,NPY中间神经元的缺失在颞叶癫痫发生中起重要作用,NPY中间神经元的轴突出芽在颞叶癫痫的自我修复中起作用.     

Dandy-Walker综合征临床分析

该文回顾性分析了6例Dandy-Walker综合征的病例资料,包括临床表现及MRI表现。在这6例Dandy-Walker综合征患者中,男4例,女2例,平均年龄12.7岁,平均病程55个月。6例均有头痛,痫性发作5例,其中4例以白天发作全身强直-阵挛发作或复杂部分性发作继发全身强直-阵挛发作,另一例夜间睡眠时发作为强直-阵挛。6例患者智力发育均落后于同龄人,且均有小脑性共济失调症状。MRI表现为后颅窝囊性扩大与不同程度扩大的四脑室相通、脑室积水及小脑蚓部的缺如或发育不良、胼胝体发育不良、巨脑回等。     

声带颗粒细胞瘤1例

患者,男,45岁,持续性声嘶1年余,无呼吸困难,于2009年7月22日就诊.间接喉镜检查见左侧声带中份息肉样新生物,初诊为声带息肉.于7月28日全身麻醉行支撑喉镜下CO2激光声带息肉摘除术,术中见左侧声带前中1/3广基息肉样新生物,黄豆大小,质韧,表面光滑,钳除送病检,以CO2激光烧灼切除残余新生物.     

匹罗卡品致(癎)大鼠海马中表达生长抑素的中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

匹罗卡品致(癎)大鼠海马中表达生长抑素的中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

匹罗卡品致痫大鼠的海马PV中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

目的探讨PV(parvalbumin,微清蛋白)中间神经元在颞叶癫痫的发生和痫性损伤后脑组织的自我修复中的作用。方法建立匹罗卡品致痫模型。免疫组化方法检测各时间点海马不同区域PV中间神经元的数目变化及其轴突出芽情况;结合FJB(Fluoro-Jade B)行免疫荧光双标特异性检测SE(status epilepticus,癫痫持续状态)后60 d海马不同区域PV中间神经元及其轴树突的变性情况。结果实验组海马门区及CA区域PV阳性神经元数目在SE后早期均无明显变化(P>0.05)。门区PV神经元在SE后15 d时数目下降(对照组17.1±2.67,实验组15.0±3.06,P<0.05),在SE后60 d明显下降(对照组16.6±2.75,实验组9.7±2.88,P<0.01)。海马CA1区PV中间神经元数目在SE后60 d明显增多(对照组4.1±0.86,实验组6.0±1.18,P<0.01),可见相应增多的PV阳性纤维。海马CA3区PV阳性神经元数目在SE后60d明显增多(对照组4.6±0.89,实验组6.1±1.64,P<0.01),并可见相应增多的PV阳性纤维。各亚区均未见明显亦被FJB标记的PV中间神...     

匹罗卡品致(癎)大鼠海马中表达生长抑素的中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

儿童颞叶癫癎及特发性癫癎对认知功能及情绪的影响

目的 评估儿童颞叶癫癎及特发性癫癎对认知及情绪的影响,并探索影响认知的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析38例颞叶癫癎、40例特发性癫癎患儿资料,招募42例健康儿童为对照组,每位受试者均行以下神经心理测试：蒙特利尔认知测评量表 （MoCA）、言语流畅性、数字广度、木块图、儿童社交焦虑量表 （SASC）、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表 （DSRSC）。结果 与对照组比较,颞叶癫癎组及特发性癫癎组MoCA、言语流畅性、数字广度、木块图得分均较低 （P <0.05）;SASC、DSRSC 得分均较高 （P <0.05）。颞叶癫癎组的MoCA、言语流畅性、数字广度、木块图得分均低于特发性癫癎组 （P <0.05）,SASC、DSRSC 得分高于特发性癫癎组 （P <0.05）。颞叶癫癎组的MoCA 得分与SASC、DSRSC 及发作频率呈负相关 （r=-0.571,-0.529,-0.545,P <0.01）;特发性癫癎组的MoCA 得分与SASC、DSRSC 及发作频率呈负相关 （r=-0.542,-0.487,-0.555,P <0.01）。结论 颞叶癫癎、特发性癫癎患儿的整体认知及言语、记忆、执行功能均受损,并合并焦虑抑郁,尤其以颞叶癫癎更明显。较高水平的焦虑、抑郁及发作频率是影响认知的危险因素。     

视频脑电图监测对夜间发作性癫痫诊断价值的研究

为评价视频脑电图（video-electroencephalogram，VEEG）对夜间发作性癫痫的诊断价值，此文回顾性分析了作者医院65例确诊或疑诊为癫痫患者的VEEG监测结果。