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41.
麻醉学专业学生临床实践能力培养的探索 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
为了探索麻醉学专业临床实践能力培养的教学方法,结合我校的实际情况,在麻醉学专业临床教学中,我们在制定临床教学目标和教学计划、制定临床麻醉操作常规、培养学生的分析问题能力、培养学生的临床应变能力、开展模拟操作训练提高实践操作能力等方面进行了探索与实践。实践证明,以上措施对培养麻醉学专业学生临床实践能力和提高临床实习教学质量具有较好效果。 相似文献
42.
异丙酚-七氟醚静吸复合麻醉用于普胸手术的体会赵雾红*黄焕森*钟钒*异丙酚、七氟醚均具有诱导迅速、可控性好和苏醒快的优点。近年来我们在部分普胸手术中联合应用异丙酚-七氟醚,效果满意,现报告如下。资料与方法一般资料20例胸科择期手术,男15例,女5例,年... 相似文献
43.
Objective To investigate the effect of hypertonic saline on cerebral water content, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level and neuronal apoptosis following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats and explore the mechanisms involved. Methods Ninety-six rats were randomized equally into 4 groups, namely the shame-operated group, untreated IR injury group, and 4.2% and 7.5% hypertonic saline groups (HS-A and HS-B groups, respectively). In the latter 3 groups, cerebral ischcmia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h followed by administration of the corresponding treatments. Serum sodium concentration was measured at 5 min before and at 30, 60 and 90 min after the reperfilsion. At 22 h of rcperfusion, the rats were sacrificed after neurological deficit evaluation, and brain edema was assessed by measuring the wet-to-dry weight ratio of the brain tissue. TNF-α expression in the ischemic brain tissue was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the neuronal apoptosis was analyzed using TUNEL assay. Results In the saline-treated rats, serum sodium level increased significantly after saline administration, lasting for 60 min before recovering the normal levels in HS-A group and for over 90 min in HS-B group. Compared with that in the sham-operated group, the brain water content in rats of the IR group increased in both of the hemispheres, but more obviously in the ischemic hemisphere. In the two saline-treated groups, the water content decreased significantly in the bilateral hemispheres, which was especially obvious in the ischemic hemisphere;administration of 7.5% saline resulted in greater water content reduction in the ischemic hemisphere than 4.2% saline. Compared with the IR group, the two saline-treated groups showed significant reduction in TNF-α levels and apoptotic cells in the brain along with decreased neurological deficits. Conclusion Hypertonic saline can ameliorate cerebral focal IR injury by decreasing the cerebral water content, TNF-α level and neuronal apoptosis following the injury. 相似文献
44.
Objective To investigate the effect of hypertonic saline on cerebral water content, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level and neuronal apoptosis following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats and explore the mechanisms involved. Methods Ninety-six rats were randomized equally into 4 groups, namely the shame-operated group, untreated IR injury group, and 4.2% and 7.5% hypertonic saline groups (HS-A and HS-B groups, respectively). In the latter 3 groups, cerebral ischcmia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h followed by administration of the corresponding treatments. Serum sodium concentration was measured at 5 min before and at 30, 60 and 90 min after the reperfilsion. At 22 h of rcperfusion, the rats were sacrificed after neurological deficit evaluation, and brain edema was assessed by measuring the wet-to-dry weight ratio of the brain tissue. TNF-α expression in the ischemic brain tissue was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the neuronal apoptosis was analyzed using TUNEL assay. Results In the saline-treated rats, serum sodium level increased significantly after saline administration, lasting for 60 min before recovering the normal levels in HS-A group and for over 90 min in HS-B group. Compared with that in the sham-operated group, the brain water content in rats of the IR group increased in both of the hemispheres, but more obviously in the ischemic hemisphere. In the two saline-treated groups, the water content decreased significantly in the bilateral hemispheres, which was especially obvious in the ischemic hemisphere;administration of 7.5% saline resulted in greater water content reduction in the ischemic hemisphere than 4.2% saline. Compared with the IR group, the two saline-treated groups showed significant reduction in TNF-α levels and apoptotic cells in the brain along with decreased neurological deficits. Conclusion Hypertonic saline can ameliorate cerebral focal IR injury by decreasing the cerebral water content, TNF-α level and neuronal apoptosis following the injury. 相似文献
45.
46.
目的 探讨使用万汶行急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)后对家兔血流动力学及凝血功能的影响.方法 健康家兔8只,麻醉后行颈内静脉、颈总动脉穿刺并接生理监测仪即时监测心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP),由颈内静脉输入万汶(15 ml/kg),速度为20 ml/min,分别于稀释前、稀释后30 min、稀释后60 min、稀释后120 min采血作血气分析、血常规及凝血四项检查.结果 与稀释前相比,稀释后家兔HR明显升高(P<0.05),其他血流动力学指标变化不明显(P>0.05).稀释后家兔血细胞压积(Hct)明显下降(P<0.05).血红蛋白(Hb)、血小板计数(Plt)均明显减少(P<0.05).活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)及凝血酶时间(TT)均有所延长,纤维蛋白原(FIB)有所减少,但与稀释前比较差异无显著性(P>0.05).以上虽显示凝血功能有所降低,但与稀释前相比,差异无显著性.结论 用万汶行急性高容量血液稀释后家兔血流动力学稳定,对凝血功能影响较小. 相似文献
47.
深圳市罗湖区1984~1991年病毒性肝炎流行病学调查 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
深圳市罗湖区1984~1991年病毒性肝炎流行病学调查黄焕森1984年以来,深圳市罗湖区病毒性肝炎的发病率逐年上升,为探讨其流行规律,更好地制定防制对策,现将罗湖区1984~1991年病毒性肝炎的疫情资料分析如下。1流行概况我区1984~1991年的... 相似文献
48.
临床中多采用药物对脑缺血,再灌注损伤进行预防与处理,以达到脑保护效果.现就药物的抗氧化作用、抗凋亡作用、减少血脑屏障的损伤及抑制钙离子超载等方面对近年来神经保护性药物的研究现状作一综述,为临床防治脑缺血/再灌注损伤提供理论依据. 相似文献
49.
Objective To investigate the effect of hypertonic saline on cerebral water content, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level and neuronal apoptosis following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats and explore the mechanisms involved. Methods Ninety-six rats were randomized equally into 4 groups, namely the shame-operated group, untreated IR injury group, and 4.2% and 7.5% hypertonic saline groups (HS-A and HS-B groups, respectively). In the latter 3 groups, cerebral ischcmia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h followed by administration of the corresponding treatments. Serum sodium concentration was measured at 5 min before and at 30, 60 and 90 min after the reperfilsion. At 22 h of rcperfusion, the rats were sacrificed after neurological deficit evaluation, and brain edema was assessed by measuring the wet-to-dry weight ratio of the brain tissue. TNF-α expression in the ischemic brain tissue was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the neuronal apoptosis was analyzed using TUNEL assay. Results In the saline-treated rats, serum sodium level increased significantly after saline administration, lasting for 60 min before recovering the normal levels in HS-A group and for over 90 min in HS-B group. Compared with that in the sham-operated group, the brain water content in rats of the IR group increased in both of the hemispheres, but more obviously in the ischemic hemisphere. In the two saline-treated groups, the water content decreased significantly in the bilateral hemispheres, which was especially obvious in the ischemic hemisphere;administration of 7.5% saline resulted in greater water content reduction in the ischemic hemisphere than 4.2% saline. Compared with the IR group, the two saline-treated groups showed significant reduction in TNF-α levels and apoptotic cells in the brain along with decreased neurological deficits. Conclusion Hypertonic saline can ameliorate cerebral focal IR injury by decreasing the cerebral water content, TNF-α level and neuronal apoptosis following the injury. 相似文献
50.
目的 探讨慢性肾功能不全患者术前咪唑安定的最佳剂量.方法 60例患者随机分为Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ3组,分别于术前肌肉注射0.05,0.075,0.1 mg/kg的咪唑安定,观察给药前,给药后10,20,30 min时患者心率,血压,血氧饱和度的变化,以及相应时间点的镇静评分和上呼吸道通畅度评分,术后随访了解患者的顺行性遗忘情况.结果 Ⅲ组患者注药后20 min时的血氧饱和度显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组有4例患者因为血氧饱和度低于93%而需面罩给氧;给药后的镇静评分Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在10,20,30 min同Ⅰ组相比都有显著差异(分别是P<0.05和P<0.01);呼吸道通畅度评分Ⅲ组患者与Ⅰ组患者在10,20,30 min差异都有显著性(P<0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组相比差异无显著性,Ⅲ组有4例患者出现呼吸道梗阻,需依赖辅助呼吸才能维持通气;对入手术室后外周静脉穿刺的遗忘率比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组患者与Ⅰ组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组之间无差异.结论 对于慢性肾功能不全行肾移植的患者,术前0.075 mg/kg的咪唑安定是比较合适的剂量,既可以达到镇静、遗忘作用,又不至于引起明显的呼吸抑制. 相似文献