乳腺手术患者围手术期抗生素应用分析

目的了解乳腺手术患者围手术期抗生素应用现状及合理性。方法对2010年1～12月335例乳腺手术患者围手术期抗生素应用进行回顾性调查。结果围手术期抗生素使用率为92.24%。围手术期抗生素主要以第一代头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类为主。第一代头孢菌素类使用率最高,为89.76%。二联用药应用率为1.62%,以单用为主。预防用药时机合理率为9.71%,术后用药时间普遍偏长且给药方式不尽合理。结论乳腺科围手术期抗菌药应用存在不合理现象,应建立有效的监督管理机制。     

强化降糖对2型糖尿病血管并发症的影响

目的:观察强化降糖治疗对2型糖尿病患者大血管和微血管并发症的影响.方法:选择具备大血管或微血管危险因素的55岁以上2型糖尿病患者61例,分为强化降糖组(n=33)和标准降糖组(n=28),相应给予降糖治疗,比较治疗后空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、晨尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(A/C)、血压和肌酐(Scr)的变化,对大血管并发症复合终点及微血管并发症复合终点进行评估.结果:治疗前后2组间差值相比.HbA1c、FBG、A/C、PSB、PDB和Scr差异有统计学意义(t分别为6.165、7.775、20.383、9.236、3.802和5.971,P均<0.001).大血管终点事件:标准组4例,强化组0例,2组间相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.039);标准组死亡3例,强化组0例,差异无统计学意义(P=0.091).2组均无严重低血糖发生.结论:强化降糖可降低微血管事件的发生.     

胰岛素泵治疗2型糖尿病效果观察

目的比较胰岛素泵(CSⅡ)和皮下多次注射胰岛素法(MSⅡ)治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院2009年6月—2011年1月住院治疗的68例诊断为2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床资料,随机分为两组,分别给予胰岛素泵(CSⅡ)和皮下多次注射胰岛素法(MSⅡ)治疗,依据血糖水平调整胰岛素用量至血糖达标,观察两组患者血糖达标所用的时间、胰岛素用量及低血糖发生率。结果 CSⅡ组和MSⅡ组患者血糖达标时间为(5.50±1.54)d、(7.56±1.54)d,P<0.01;胰岛素用量(33.38±5.00)U、(36.88±4.75)U,P<0.01;低血糖发生率(0.03±0.01)%、(0.13±0.02),P<0.01。两组患者的血糖达标时间、胰岛素用量及低血糖发生率均有显著性统计学差异。结论 CSⅡ组患者血糖达标时间短,胰岛素用量少,低血糖发生率低。CSⅡ可以更快地控制血糖,安全性更高。     

吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

中职院校英语任务型教学法的探索与实践

以培养技能型人才为目标的职业教育,旨在培养学生获得一种能满足某一种职业或工作需要的能力,而不仅仅是追求提高理论水平或获得学历。因此,中等职业教育英语教学的具体目标是通过学生完成各种各样的任务来实现的,他们需要用具体、特定的行动来完成一定的交际任务。在整个英语教学活动中,各种语言结构和语言功能与不同的学习任务应有机地结合起来。     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

体型特异性剂量估算在低剂量CT肺癌筛查中的应用研究

目的 探讨基于水等效直径的体型特异性剂量估算(SSDEWED)方法在低剂量CT(LDCT)肺癌筛查中的应用价值.方法 回顾性选取行LDCT肺癌筛查者672例,按体质量指数(BMI)分为4组,分别为低体质量组(BMI<18.5 kg/m2),正常组(18.5 kg/m2≤BMI≤24.0 kg/m2),超重组(24.0 ...     

颅内血管周细胞瘤的MRI误诊分析

目的 分析颅内血管周细胞瘤的MRI表现特点及提高其诊断认识。方法 回顾性分析6例经术后病理证实的颅内血管周细胞瘤MRI表现特点,所有病例均行磁共振平扫及增强扫描。结果 6例肿瘤均位于颅内脑外,多数呈分叶状,T1WI为等及稍低信号,T2WI及FLAIR为稍高及高信号,边界清楚,部分肿瘤内可见血管流空影,增强扫描强化明显。结论 颅内血管周细胞瘤误诊率较高,经分析其MRI表现具有一定特征性,应注意鉴别以防误诊。     

水蛭(蚂蝗)滑石粉烫制品抗凝血酶活性标准研究

目的:建立水蛭(蚂蝗)滑石粉烫制品抗凝血酶活性标准。方法:采用滴定法测定不同批次的水蛭滑石粉烫制品抗凝血酶活性。结果:水蛭滑石粉烫制品抗凝血酶活性线性关系良好,其中y=1.027,54x+0.013,3,R=0.997,8,稳定性和重复性RSD均小于2.5%,测定的12批水蛭滑石粉烫制品含量测定标准在2.28～4.68 U/μL。结论:该方法工艺简单、操作方便;凝血酶滴定法简单且准确,可用于滑石粉烫水蛭的质量控制。     

唑来膦酸治疗绝经后骨质疏松急性期不良反应影响因 素的相关分析

目的探讨唑来膦酸静脉注射治疗绝经后骨质疏松症出现急性期不良反应(APR)情况及可能的影响因素。方法分析2012年8月-2013年6月期间我院内分泌科、骨科应用唑来膦酸治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的患者107例,均应用唑来膦酸5mg静脉注射。分为发生APR组[APR(+)]及未发生APR组[APR(-)],比较两组之间年龄、BMI、是否曾服用钙片、非甾体类消炎药(NSAIDs)、双膦酸盐等因素与APR的相关性。结果 (1)107例患者中总不良反应发生率为83.2%;其中发热78例(72.9%);肌肉痛51例(47.7%);发热和胃肠道反应2例(1.9%);(2)APR(+)组BMI水平、曾使用双膦酸盐比例低于APR(-)组(P0.05),合并骨质疏松性骨折比例高于APR(-)组(P0.05);(3)Logistic回归分析显示BMI和使用双膦酸盐为APR的发生的保护因素(P0.05)。结论唑来膦酸(5mg)静脉注射后急性期不良反应较常见,多为一过性。高BMI及曾使用双膦酸盐可减少急性期不良反应发生的风险。