太原地区老年人根面龋齿发病情况调查

根面龋齿(根龋)是指发生在釉牙骨质界下根面的龋坏,是老年人常见的口腔疾患。为了解太原地区根龋在人群中的流行情况,于1995年对太原地区某工厂55～70岁以上离退休职工400人的根龋进行调查。一、材料和方法1.对象:太原市某厂矿55～70岁以上离退休职工400人,其中男210人,女...     

布托啡诺预先给药对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of butorphanol pretreatment on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Methods Forty healthy male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each) : sham operation group (group S); IR group; butorphanol pretreatment group (group B); Nor-BNI group (group N) and glibenclamide group (group G) . In group IR, B, N and G, myocardial IR was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending artery (LAD) for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group S and IR, normal saline S ml/kg was injected via femoral vein 10 min before ischemia and then continuously infused at a rate of 5 ml· kg -1· h-1 iv. In group B, butorphanol 25 μg/kg was injected via femoral vein 10 min before ischemia and the rest method was the same as that described in group IR. In group N, Nor-BNI 2 mg/kg (a selective κ-opioid receptor antagonist) was injected via femoral vein 20 min before ischemia and the rest method was the same as that described in group B. In group G, glibenclamide 1 mg/kg (a KATP channel blocker) was injected via femoral vein 10 min before ischemia and the rest method was the same as that described in group B. Blood samples were taken from femoral artery at 120 min of reperfusion for determination of the concentrations of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 by ELISA. Myocardial infarct area and ischemic area were measured by TTC staining and myocardial infarct size was calculated. Results The concentrations of serum TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the other four groups than in group S (P < 0.05) . The concentrations of serum TNF-α andIL-6 were significantly decreased while IL-10 increased, and the myocardial infarct size was significantly decreased in group B, N and G as compared with group IR ( P < 0.05) . The concentrations of serum TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased while the concentration of IL-10 decreased) and the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased in group N and G as compared with group B ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Butorphanol pretreatment can protect the myocardium against IR injury in rate via activating κ receptor and KATP channel.     

氟嗪酸等五药联用治疗难治性肺结核病疗效观察

提高难治肺结核病的治疗效果是当前结核病防治工作的重点。我们采用氟嗪酸为主的等五药联用方案治疗难治性肺结核病，收到较好的效果。临床资料一、一般情况：１９９６年至１９９８年门诊经初、复治治疗失败、肝肾功能正常、家庭经济条件较好的难治病例２０例。其中男性１...     

芒针透刺联合针康法治疗中风后上肢痉挛性瘫痪的疗效及对血清GABA的影响

目的：观察芒针透刺联合针康法治疗中风后上肢痉挛性瘫痪的疗效。方法：76例中风后上肢痉挛性瘫痪患者随机分为治疗组(38例，脱落1例)和对照组(38例，脱落1例)。两组患者均给予常规药物治疗，对照组给予针康法治疗，治疗组采用针康法联合芒针透刺治疗，1次/d,疗程均为4周。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后改良Ashworth量表(MAS)评分、上肢简式Fugl-Meyer评定量表(FMA)评分、改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分与脑卒中专门化生活质量量表(SS-QOL)评分变化情况，检测两组治疗前后血清中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的含量，并评估临床疗效。结果：治疗前两组各项评分及GABA水平比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后两组MAS评分较治疗前显著降低；FMA评分、MBI评分、SS-QOL评分及GABA含量较治疗前明显升高；且治疗组对各项评分及血清学指标的改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组临床治疗愈显率为75.68%(28/37)、总有效率为97.30%(36/37),明显优于对照组愈显率45.95%(17/37)及总有效率86.49%(32/37),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：芒针透刺联合针康法能有效降低中风后上肢痉挛性瘫痪患者肌张力，改善上肢运动功能，提升日常生活活动能力及生活质量，有效调节神经递质水平，临床疗效显著。     

护理人员工作范畴与工作满意度调查分析

目的了解护理人员工作范畴和工作满意度,为分层次使用护理人力资源、提高护理质量提供依据。方法分层抽取武汉市25所医院中400个护理单元4131名护士,采用自行设计的护理工作范畴问卷和盖洛普Q12调查表进行调查。结果护理人员对护理工作满意度选择非常满意占总题项的22.5%,比较满意占56.3%,较不满意14.0%,不满意7.2%。护士较少从事非护理工作、临床带教、病房管理、护理科研、各项处置,护师较少从事非护理工作、病房管理、护理科研,主管护师较少从事非护理工作、护理科研、各项处置,副主任/主任护师较少从事非护理工作、标本采集、伤口处理、护理科研、各项处置。护理人员工作范畴与工作满意度有密切关系,经常从事伤口处理、临床带教、病房管理、护理科研、各项处置时护理人员满意度高,而经常从事非护理工作者和经常执行医嘱者满意度显著低于较少从事者(P0.05,P0.01)。结论护理人员总体满意度不高,未体现分层次使用;护理工作范畴可影响护理人员工作满意度。护理管理者需对护理人力资源实施按职称上岗制度,以提高其工作满意度和护理质量。     

壳聚糖-丝素蛋白-磷酸三钙复合体用于牙周组织工程支架初探

目的构建壳聚糖-丝素蛋白-磷酸三钙多孔复合体,观察其微观结构与体内外降解情况,探讨其作为牙周组织工程软骨支架的可行性。方法采用二次冻干技术制备壳聚糖-丝素蛋白-磷酸三钙复合体,冰冻切片和扫描电镜观察微观形态;将壳聚糖-丝素蛋白-磷酸三钙复合体支架置于人工降解液及植入大鼠背部肌肉,观察体内外降解情况及生物相容性。结果壳聚糖-丝素蛋白-磷酸三钙复合体呈海绵状,孔隙较均匀,孔形态不规则,孔隙之间彼此联通,孔隙率约80%,孔径200μm左右。4周体外降解率60%,在植入早期可见一过性炎性反应,随后逐渐降解,12周时基本降解吸收。结论壳聚糖-丝素蛋白-磷酸三钙多孔复合体具有良好的三维立体结构及可降解性,是一种可行的牙周组织工程支架。     

中西医结合治疗功能性消化不良160例临床分析

功能性消化不良(FD)属于胃肠功能功能紊乱疾病,指具有上腹痛,上腹胀,早饱,嗳气,食欲不振,恶心,呕吐等不适症状,经检查排除引起这些症状的器质疾病的一组临床综合征,症状可持续或反复发作,病程一般规定为超过一个月或在十二月中累计超过十二周,常伴焦虑、失眠、抑郁等其他功能性症状,有反复发作、时轻时重的临床特点.     

立足常规,开创未来

青春是一种令人羡慕的资本,凭借旺盛的精力,青年人可以开垦出一片神奇的土地;凭借巨大的潜力,青年人可以出类拔萃,令人刮目。但是最美的样子并不是最容易得来的,在成长的路上有酸辛、有劳累、也有困难、更有退缩。这就需要每一个青年把握青春的每一刻向着成功奋斗,做最好的自己,去收获属于自己的精彩。医院药学事业的继往开来同样离不开青年药师的聪明才智。本着激发青年人热情、凝聚青年人力量、汇集青年人智慧、发挥青年人才干的宗旨,本刊特开设＂药苑新声＂栏目,为青年药师提供一个畅所欲言的平台,欢迎各位青年药师来稿分享你的工作感悟和思想火花。     

中国汶川地震现场救援军人创伤后应激障碍及相关因素的调查

Objective To determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its impact factors 6 months after Wenchuan earthquake in a group of military first responders.Method A total of 1125 military first responders serving in the earthquake were screened and enrolled in the study.The social-demographic characteristics, Davidson Trauma Scale ( DTS), earthquake exposure screening scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI- Ⅱ ) were assessed to every first responder 6 months after the earthquake.The PTSD diagnosis was based on both DTS ≥ 40 and DSM-Ⅳ criteria.Results The final analysis was carried out on 1056 first responders.The prevalence of PTSD was 6.53% (69 cases) according to DTS criteria and 5.97% (63 cases) according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria.The univariate analysis revealed that being a single child, dissatisfied with current service, having a history of smoking or drinking, no psycho counseling during traumatic exposure and intensity of traumatic exposure were significantly associated with an increased risk of PTSD.Results from logistic regression indicated that the intensity of traumatic exposure, no psycho counseling during traumatic exposure were significant predictors of PTSD.Being a single child (OR =2.24, 95% CI 0.98 -5.12,P =0.057) was a trend predictor of PTSD.Conclusion The study results support that PTSD is a common mental disorder in military first responders earthquake, it is necessary to strengthen psychological protection and crisis intervention.     

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目的    探讨可摘式局部义齿咬合重建修复对脑血流的影响。方法    选择2008年1月至2010年1月在山西医科大学口腔医院修复科就诊的需进行咬合重建修复的患者20例,在咬合重建前后分别应用经颅多普勒超声诊断仪探测患者大脑中动脉（MCA）的收缩期峰流速、舒张期末峰流速及平均峰流速,并进行比较分析。结果    20例患者进行咬合重建后,咀嚼前与咀嚼后MCA的收缩期峰流速、收缩期末峰流速及平均峰流速均比咬合重建前增加,且差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论    咬合重建修复可提高患者MCA的血流速度,增加相应脑区的供血量。