非洗涤式自体回输致急性肾功能衰竭1例

患者 ,男 46岁。因反复腰痛伴右下肢放射痛 8个月入院。入院后测血压为1 9～ 2 1 /1 2～ 1 6ｋＰａ ,心率 78次 /ｍｉｎ ,血常规、尿常规及血生化指标无异常。术前诊断为Ｌ5 Ｓ1椎间盘突出症、Ｌ5 椎峡部裂、高血压Ⅰ期。请心内科会诊后予心痛定、拜心通控制高血压 2周 ,至术前血压基本稳定在 1 5～ 1 7/9 5～ 1 2ｋＰａ ,择期在持续硬膜外麻醉行Ｌ5 半椎板切除、Ｌ5 Ｓ1Ｄｙｎａ-Ｌｏｋ椎弓根钉内固定术。术中用Ｓｏｒｅｎｓｏｎ自身输血系统回收手术野出血。术中麻醉效果满意 ,患者无诉不适。手术时间为 3ｈ ,血压波动在 1 6 5～ 1 4/8～…     

艾司洛尔对脑血管及体循环血流动力学的影响

目的　观察艾司洛尔 (esmolol,ESM)在无气管插管刺激的条件下对患者脑血管血流动力学指标(CVDI)、心率 (HR)、血压 (BP)的影响。方法　 5 4例患者 ,随机分为A、B两组 ,分别静注ESMlmg/kg、2mg/kg ,于注药前 1min ,注药后 1、5、10min ,检测病人CVDI、HR、BP。结果　A、B两组在注药前后各时点CVDI、体循环血压(BP)的两两比较无统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;两组相同时机CVDI、BP的两两比较亦均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。A、B两组注药前后的HR两两比较 ,唯注药前 1min与注药后 1min有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,A、B两组同时点的两两比较 ,唯注药后 1min有显著性差异 (P =0 0 17) ,其它时点差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　静注ESMlmg/kg、2mg/kg不对脑血管产生作用、亦不影响体循环血压 ;注药前与注药后 1min有减慢心率的作用 ,静注ESM 2mg/kg作用更明显     

全麻药对中枢神经递质的影响

突触传递是信息在神经元间传播及中枢神经功能赖以维持的重要环节，干扰突传递过程可能是全麻药作用的机理之一。本文仅就中枢递质的功能及全麻药对其合成，贮存，释放及摄取的影响作一综述。     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

异氟醚-氧化亚氮吸入麻醉对琥珀酰胆碱作用、脑电综合波及额肌电的影响

我院自1985年1月施行紧闭异氟醚-氧化亚氮(N_2O)吸入麻醉共30例,同时监测脑电综合波及额肌电的变化,并观察了其对琥珀酰胆硷(Sch)阻滞性质的影响,现报告如下:临床资料及方法本组男18例,女12例,年龄7-60岁,其中14岁以下4例(最小为7岁)、60岁以上2例。平均麻醉时间2小时52分(1-6小时30分)。手术部位为头颈9例,胸部7例,心内直视手术8例。(一)麻醉方法:在10例(Ⅰ组)中单用面罩下吸入51±6％的N_2O     

坐位麻醉中空气栓塞6例报告

报告６例神经外科坐位手术中发生的８次空气栓塞。这些栓塞分别发生于切除颈椎椎板、剪开硬脊膜、肿瘤分离切除过程及缝合硬脑膜时，其中２例发生矢状窦破裂。６例病人均出现呼气末二氧化碳分压骤降及肺动脉压升高，２例病人胸前可听到典型的“磨轮样（ｍｉｌ－ｗｈｅｅｌ）”低沉连续杂音，５例７次经右房导管或肺动脉导管内抽出空气，２例病人出现血压下降，需用血管活性药物维持。作者认为：呼气末二氧化碳分压骤降是空气栓塞的早期表现，可以在循环系统出现症状前诊断空气栓塞，在多普勒超声仪未能在坐位麻醉监测中广泛应用情况下，应常规监测持续呼气末二氧化碳分压；有条件时放置Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ漂浮导管，不但可以监测体位变动及术中的血流动力学变化，同时可通过右房导管或肺动脉导管及时抽出空气，明确空气栓塞诊断，并立即改善临床症状；气栓病人出现血压下降时，应及时给予血管活性药物维持循环功能     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

非体外循环冠脉搭桥术中心脏移位对血液动力学的影响

目的 观察非体外循环冠脉搭桥术(OPCABG)中暴露术野时心脏位置改变对心血管功能的影响。方法 冠心病多支病变患者47例,年龄50～82岁,术前左室射血分数为0.55±0.14,择期行OPCABG,平均移植血管桥3.2条。采用漂浮导管方法监测血液动力学,分别在麻醉诱导后循环稳定时(T_1)、搬动心脏前(T_2)、吻合前降支时(T_3)、吻合右冠状动脉或后降支时(T_4)、吻合左旋支或对角支时(T_5)、血管吻合完成、心脏恢复自然位置后(T_6)、及手术结束时(T_7)作参数测定。结果 吻合前降支时(T_3),SI和LVSWI有所降低(P<0.01),但CI和SvO_2保持在基础水平。吻合后降支或右冠状动脉、左旋支或对角支时(T4、T5),CI、SI、LVWI、LVSWI、RVWI和RVSWI等明显降低(P<0.01),其中CI较对照值降低18％,LVWI和RVWI降低均为25％,MAP和SvO_2也显著下降(P<0.05～0.01),而HR、RAP、MPAP、PAWP和PVRI则显著增高(P<0.05～0.01)。心脏恢复自然位置后(T_6),CI、LVWI和RVWI恢复到对照值水平。结论 OPCABG术中由于心脏被搬动及移位,可导致明显的心功能损害和血压下降;麻醉手术期间采取可靠的血液动力学监测和有效的心血管功能支持十分必要。     

舒芬太尼靶控输注对七氟醚抑制气管插管反应ED50的影响

目的研究舒芬太尼靶控输注对七氟醚抑制气管插管反应最低肺泡浓度ED50的影响。方法40例ASAI级,择期妇科手术患者随机分为舒芬太尼靶浓度0．5ng／ml＋七氟醚吸入组（SS组）和七氟醚吸入对照组（S组）。舒芬太尼靶浓度和七氟醚呼出浓度稳定于预先设定值20min后气管插管。七氟醚抑制气管插管反应最低肺泡浓度ED50测定方法采用医学序贯试验中的上-下法。结果SS组七氟醚抑制气管插管反应最低肺泡浓度ED50为0．99％,95％可置区间为0．85％-1．14％,S组分别为4．59％和4．30％～4．89％。结论舒芬太尼靶控输注可明显降低七氟醚抑制气管插管反应最低肺泡浓度ED50。