甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠对自身免疫性肺气肿模型大鼠氧化应激和抗内皮细胞抗体的影响

目的:研究甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠对自身免疫性肺气肿模型大鼠氧化应激和抗内皮细胞抗体(AECA)的影响。方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和干预组,每组8只。除对照组大鼠腹腔注射等体积的完全弗氏佐剂外,模型组和干预组大鼠均腹腔注射体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞+完全弗氏佐剂混合物以复制自身免疫性肺气肿模型;造模给药后第2天,干预组大鼠腹腔注射甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠10 mg/(kg·d),对照组和模型组大鼠均腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水,每日1次,连续21 d。末次给药后,取各组大鼠右肺组织制作石蜡切片并行苏木精-伊红染色,观察肺组织病理变化,测量单位面积内的肺泡数(MAN)和内衬间隔(MLI);检测左肺肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,以及BALF和血清中AECA含量。采用Pearson分析模型组大鼠BALF中AECA与MDA、GSH、SOD、GSH-Px的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织可见明显的肺气肿病理变化,其MAN显著减少,MLI显著延长(P<0.01);BALF中GS...     

大型综合性医院老年健康促进工作模式的构建

推进老年健康促进是我国应对人口老龄化最经济有效的策略之一.分析总结北京协和医院的老年健康促进措施,探索出一些有效的老年健康促进工作经验,形成了以"建设老年友善就医环境,普及老年健康教育,加强老年健康学科建设,培养老年健康人才,关爱老年职工,延续社区老年健康服务"的大型综合性医院老年健康促进工作模式.     

人腺病毒55型致成人肺炎的临床特征及外周血淋巴细胞亚群分析

目的 分析人腺病毒55型(HAdV55型)肺炎成年患者的临床及外周血淋巴细胞亚群特征.方法 回顾性纳入2016年12月—2018年5月某院收治的132例成人HAdV55型感染患者,包括38例肺炎患者(肺炎组)和94例上呼吸道感染患者(上感组),比较两组患者的临床及影像学特征.应用流式细胞仪分析肺炎(31例)、上感患者(...     

不同剂量地佐辛对气管插管下全麻手术患者脑电图波和BIS指数的影响

目的探讨不同剂量地佐辛对全麻下气管插管患者脑电图波和脑电双频指数（BIS）的影响。方法选取2013年1月~2014年1月安徽医科大学第二附属医院手术室气管插管下全麻手术患者69例,根据地佐辛不同剂量将患者分为低剂量（0.05 mg/kg）组21例、中剂量（0.1 mg/kg）组25例、高剂量（0.2 mg/kg）组23例,比较三组患者脑电图（EGoC）分级、脑电图αβ波相对功率值（αβ%）、Narcotrend麻醉深度指数（NT指数）、BIS指数的差异。结果高剂量组脑电图分级异常率明显高于低剂量组和中剂量组（P〈0.05）,但低剂量组和中剂量组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;用药后2 min,高剂量组患者αβ%明显低于低剂量组和中剂量组（P〈0.05）,且较插管前和插管后2 min明显降低（P〈0.05）;NT指数组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,由大至小为：高剂量组〈中剂量组〈低剂量组,且高、中剂量组患者较插管前和插管后2 min明显降低（P〈0.05）;插管或用药后2 min,高剂量组BIS指数明显低于低剂量组和中剂量组,且用药后2 min,全部患者BIS指数较插管前和插管后2 min均明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论 0.05~0.1 mg/kg地佐辛对气管插管下全麻手术患者脑电图波和BIS指数影响较小,高剂量对其影响作用较大。     

右美托咪定对食管癌根治术患者单肺通气时肺内分流及动脉氧分压的影响

目的观察右美托咪定( Dex)对食管癌手术中单肺通气( OLV)肺内分流和动脉氧分压( PaO2)的影响。方法40例择期行左经胸食管癌根治术患者,美国麻醉医师协会( ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,年龄25~65(57.2±8.5)岁,术前检查心肺功能良好,随机分为2组(每组20例)：Dex组和生理盐水(NS)组,Dex组麻醉诱导给予Dex负荷量0.6μg/kg,给药时间10 min,0.4μg/( kg·h)维持至手术结束前30 min;NS组：给于等量生理盐水泵注。采集麻醉诱导后侧卧位双肺通气30 min( T1)、OLV 30 min( T2)、OLV 60 min( T3)、OLV 90 min(T4)、恢复双肺通气(TLV)30 min(T5)时桡动脉和颈内静脉血进行血气分析,根据血气值计算肺内分流率( Qs/Qt),记录PaO2值。结果两组血流动力学指标平均动脉压( MAP)和脑电双频指数( BIS)比较差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。与T1时比,两组T2~4时PaO2显著降低,Qs/Qt显著升高(P<0.05);与T1时比,NS组T5时PaO2显著降低,Qs/Qt显著升高(P<0.05),Dex组T5时PaO2和Qs/Qt差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与NS组比,Dex组T5时PaO2升高, Qs/Qt降低(P<0.05)。结论 Dex在食管癌手术患者中能明显改善恢复TLV后PaO2及Qs/Qt。     

普伐他丁预处理对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative pravastatin preconditioning on myocardial ischemia-repedusion(I／R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Sixty ASA Ⅱ orⅢpatients of both sexes aged 18-64 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=15 each)：control group(group C)and 3 pravastatin groups receiving oral pravastatin 10，20 and 40 mg respectively every night for 7 days before operation(group P1-3).The number of patients receiving dopamine(≥5 μg·kg-1·min-1)and adrenaline was recorded from the termination of CPB to the end of operation，from the end of operation to 12 h after operation，during 12-24 h after operation and during 24-48 h after operation.Venous blood samples were taken from central venous line for measurement of plasme cTnI and CK-MB concentrations at 7 days before operation，before induction of anesthesia，at opening of the aorta and at 2，24 and 48 h after opening of aorta.Results The number of patients receiving dopamine and adrenaline was significantly less in group P3 than in group C(P<0.05).Plasma CK-MB and cTnI concentrations were significantly lower in group P3 than in group C(P<0.05).Conclusion Preconditioning with oral pravastatin(40mg／d for 7 consecutive days)can protect myocardium against I／R injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with CPB.     

脑阿片受体在侧脑室注射吗啡预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of cerebral opioid receptors in the protective effects of intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) morphine preconditioning (MPC) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Male SD rats weighing 320-370 g were used in this study. A needle was inserted through a surgically created hole into the cerebro-ventricle using a stereotactic instrument and fixed. Sixty male SD rats in which ICV needle was successfully placed without complication were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 animals each. In group I sham operation was performed (S). In group]] myocardial I/R was produced (I/R) . In group Ⅲ (ischemic preconditioning), the animals were subjected to 3 episodes of 5 min myocardial ischemia at 5 min intervals before ischemia (IPC) . In group IV morphine was given ICV in 3 repeated doses of 1 μg/kg at 5 min intervals before ischemia (MPC). Three types of opioid receptor antagonists -nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) (κ receptor antagonist), D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2(CTOP) (μ receptor antagonist) and naltrindole (NTD) (S receptor antagonist) 15 nmol were given ICV in group V . VI and VIⅡI respectively at 10 min before MPC. In group VIII,IX and X , nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD 15 nmol were given ICV respectively at 40 min before ischemia. Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. At the end of 120 min, femoral venous blood samples were taken for determination of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration. The animals were then killed and hearts removed for measurement of area at risk (AAR) and infarct area (IA) . IA/AAR ratio was calculated. Results The size of IA was smaller and IA/AAR ratio lower and significantly less LDH and CK and more CGRP were released in group IPC and MPC ( group Ⅲ and IV) than in group I/R (group II ) . The protective effects of MPC were abolished by pretreatment with nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD. Conclusion Cerebral μ, k and δ opioid receptors are involved in the protective effects of ICV morphine preconditioning against myocardial I/R injury through CGRP released from peptidergic nerve fibers of heart.     

心理干预对COPD患者气道症状改善的效果与评价

目的 探讨心理干预对于COPD患者气道症状改善的效果与观察.方法 将70例COPD急性感染加重期患者随机分为护理组和对照组,试验组使用基本的护理及心理干预治疗,对照组仅使用基本的护理.所有患者均给予β,受体激动剂药物治疗.结果 试验组与对照组相此具有显著性统计学差异（P＜0.05）.结论 心理干预对COPD气道症状的改善作用明显增强,在临床应用中取得了较好的效果.     

肾衰贫血患者雄激素治疗前后红细胞生成素变化的观察

本文应用胎鼠肝细胞生物活性法测定了12例肾衰贫血患者肌注苯丙酸诺龙前后血清红细胞生成素(EP)水平。发现治疗前EP为51.45±5.22mU/ml(毫单位/毫升),治疗后为61.09±5.26mU/ml,P<0.01。认为雄激素能促使内源性EP分泌增加。