伽玛刀联合立体定向手术治疗颅内囊性肿瘤

目的探讨立体定向穿刺抽吸手术与伽玛刀联合治疗颅内囊性肿瘤在立体定向放射外科治疗中的作用。方法分析颅内囊性肿瘤40例,单纯立体定向穿刺抽液19例,留置Ommaya囊抽液19例,内窥镜下手术切除肿瘤并排除囊液2例。肿瘤体积缩小后再行立体定向磁共振成像（MRI）定位、伽玛刀治疗,并计算抽液前后肿瘤体积的变化。依据Logistic综合方程计算抽液前后风险概率的变化,将抽液前后的肿瘤体积和风险概率进行配对t检验。结果抽液后瘤囊完全消失,病灶体积明显缩小。抽液前后肿瘤容积和风险概率均显著降低（容积变化：t＝8.108,P＜0．001;风险概率：t＝5．933,P＜0．001）。随访时间6个月～42个月,平均17.5个月。经伽玛刀治疗后,瘤结节消失10例,缩小12例,无变化17例,增大1例。结论颅内囊性肿瘤立体定向穿刺抽液后肿瘤体积缩小,使立体定向放射外科治疗并发症的风险概率显著降低,是联合伽玛刀治疗囊性肿瘤一种有效方法;针对肿瘤病理类型的不同采用伽玛刀放射外科联合单纯穿刺或置管抽取囊液、结合囊内治疗是囊性肿瘤治疗成功的关键。     

局部重复应用控释BCNU聚乳酸微球治疗U251胶质瘤的实验研究

 目的研究局部重复应用聚乳酸[poly(D,L-lactic acid),PLA]控释卡莫司汀[1,3-bis(2-chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea,BCNU]微球(BCNU-PLA)对U251人脑胶质瘤的生长抑制作用。方法应用沉淀方法制备包载BCNU的PLA纳米微球。应用扫描电子显微镜观察载药微球形态,分别应用Bratton-Marshall比色法和紫外分光光度法测定微球载药率与药物释放曲线。应用MTT方法检测PBS、BCNU、PLA微球和BCNU-PLA等不同处理方法对U251胶质瘤细胞增殖活性的影响。应用U251裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型为研究对象,连续3次进行PBS、BCNU、PLA微球和BCNU-PLA的治疗,观察实验动物的生存期与皮下肿瘤生长情况。结果扫描电子显微镜观察载药纳米微球呈球形,具有良好的单分散性;BCNU-PLA平均粒径为23.5μm。BCNU-PLA平均载药率为11.5%;以相对分子质量30×10³的PLA制备BCNU-PLA微球的体外药物释放分析显示:BCNU在释放开始的10d表现出较大的突释,释放量达到载药量的40%;随后进入控释期,至4周左右释放了所载药物的50%。与BCNU原药治疗组比较,BCNU-PLA控释微球治疗在体外持续抑制U251胶质瘤细胞的生长;在体内明显抑制裸鼠皮下荷U251胶质瘤的生长,并显著改善荷瘤鼠的全身状况。结论BCNU-PLA载药微球可有效抑制皮下荷U251胶质瘤的生长,是局部化疗治疗胶质瘤的一种新策略。     

Akt1和Akt2基因转染对人胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1生长的影响

目的观察Akt1和Akt2基因转染人胃黏膜上皮GES-1细胞后对其生长的影响。方法采用脂质体法将分别含Akt1和Akt2基因全长cDNA序列的p-LXSN-Akt1(Akt1组)和p-LXSN-Akt2(Akt2组)质粒转染人胃黏膜上皮GES-1细胞,以转染p-LXSN空质粒的细胞作为空载组,正常未转染细胞作为对照组,并经抗生素G418筛选抗性克隆。提取各组细胞的总蛋白,蛋白质印迹法检测转染后细胞Akt1、Akt2蛋白及细胞周期蛋白D1(CyclinD1)的表达水平;采用MTT法检测转染后细胞的增殖活性;应用流式细胞仪检测Akt1和Akt2基因转染对细胞周期的影响。结果 Akt1和Akt2组均获得了稳定表达Akt1和Akt2基因的GES-1细胞模型。Akt1组:①Akt1蛋白相对表达量(0.96±0.05)分别是空载组(0.47±0.02)和对照组(0.64±0.03)的2.03±0.22和1.48±0.19倍(均P0.01),CyclinD1蛋白相对表达量(0.74±0.01)分别是空载组(0.29±0.01)和对照组(0.22±0.01)的2.57±0.05和3.44±0.04倍(均P0.01);②吸光度(A490)值于第1、2天分别与空载组和对照组比较差异无统计学意义,第3～6天差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);③S期细胞数与空载组和对照组比较分别增多约20.00%和21.10%,G2期细胞数减少约20.80%和15.48%(均P0.01)。Akt2组:①Akt2蛋白相对表达量(0.95±0.01)分别是空载组(0.62±0.02)和对照组(0.56±0.01)的1.53±0.04和1.69±0.01倍(均P0.01),CyclinD1蛋白相对表达量(0.31±0.02)与空载组(0.29±0.01)和对照组(0.22±0.01)比较差异均无统计学意义;②A490值于第1～6天分别与空载组和对照组比较差别均无统计学意义;③S期细胞数与空载组和对照组比较差异均无统计学意义。结论 Akt1基因可使GES-1细胞S期细胞数增多,并提高细胞的增殖能力;而Akt2基因对GES-1细胞的细胞周期和增殖能力的影响不明显。     

改良颏帽牵引矫治早期骨性反的体会

改良颏帽牵引矫治早期骨性反■的体会青岛市李沧区医院（２６６０４１）吴爱芳，康春生近年来，我们采用改良颏帽牵引的方法矫治１３例早期骨性反患者，效果较好。现报告如下。临床资料：本组年龄５～１０岁，平均７岁。其中乳牙反５例，混合牙反８例；３例有反家族史。Ｘ...     

脑胶质瘤中miR-21以及EGFR信号通路异常表达的相关性研究

目的 探讨不同病理级别国人脑胶质瘤中miR-21表达;miR-21编码基因扩增与突变;miR-21与EGFR信号通路关键成员表达关系.方法 荧光实时定量PCR法和荧光原位杂交法测定不同病理级别人脑胶质瘤标本中miR-21表达;半定量PCR法检测miR-21编码基因拷贝数并测序PCR产物;免疫组织化学染色法检测胶质瘤标本EGFR、pAKT和PTEN表达水平.结果 荧光实时定量PCR与荧光原位杂交miR-21表达随着胶质瘤病理级别的升高而增加(F=35.516;P=0.000);不同病理级别中人脑胶质瘤中miR-21编码基因拷贝数差异无统计学意义(F=1.219;P=0.305);miR-21表达与EGFR(rs=0.710,P=0.000)、pAKT(rs=0.638,P=0.000)表达呈正相关,与PTEN表达呈负相关(rs=-0.286,P=0.027).结论 miR-21在国人脑胶质瘤中过表达且与EGFR信号通路关键成员表达相关.     

Dicer酶在脑胶质瘤发生中的作用：促进还是抑制？

Abstract Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate target gene expression by repressing translation or promoting RNA cleavage. Recent studies show that miRNA expression is globally decreased in some human tumors. Dicer is an essential component of the miRNA processing machinery. To determine whether global reduction of miRNA effects tumorigenesis, small interfering RNA were designed to target Dicer to restrain whole miRNA expression in the glioblastoma cell line-TJ905. With effective knock-down of Dicer, tumor cells were invasive and proliferative, and globally impaired miRNA processing enhanced proliferation and invasiveness of glioma cells in vitro. Suppression of Dicer expression resulted in a more aggressive glioma phenotype, which suggests that global reduction of miRNA expression could have an oncogenic role in glioblastoma cells.Key Words: Dicer; glioma; tumorigenesis; small interfering RNA; micro RNAs     

脑膜瘤伽玛刀治疗的剂量—容积效应初步研究

目的 :探讨脑膜瘤伽玛刀治疗中的剂量 容积效应与并发症之间的关系。方法 :应用Logistic综合方程分析边缘剂量 15Gy的容积 风险概率关系和风险概率为 3%的剂量 容积关系 ;并应用Logistic综合方程回顾性地分析了 37例脑膜瘤伽玛刀治疗的风险概率与并发症的关系。结果 :边缘剂量为 15Gy的容积 风险概率呈直线关系 ,风险概率为 3%的剂量 容积呈反变曲线关系。37例脑膜瘤伽玛刀治疗后 ,在平均 16 4个月的随访期内 ,3%警戒线以下 18例 ,无并发症发生 ,3%警戒线以上 19例 ,有 5例 ( 5 / 19,2 6 7% )发生并发症 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :脑膜瘤伽玛刀治疗中的剂量的选择依赖于容积 ,按照容积大小分组选择剂量可以提高治疗的安全性 ,3%等效应线可以作为脑膜瘤伽玛刀治疗的警戒线。     

RNA干扰技术靶向P13K/AKT信号通路抵制胃腺癌SGC7901细胞侵袭转移的研究

Objective To observe the inhibitory effects on the invasion of gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells by small hairpin RNA targeting PIK3R1 and AKT1 in vitro. Methods The recombinant adenovirus vector plasmid expression vector which contained PIK3R1 and AKT1 shRNA was transfected into SGC7901 cells. Real time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of P1K3R1 and AKT1. ELESA was used to measure the change in the MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. The invasion ability of the tumor ceils was examined by Scarification, Transwell and 3-dimensional matrigel matrix tests. Re-sults rAdS-A-P mediated shRNA targeting PIK3R1 ,and AKT1 dramatically down-regulated their expres-sion in SGC7901 cells. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were downregulated,and TIMP-2 was upregulated. The extra-cellular levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were decreased. Scarification test indicated that the invision ability was decreased obviously. Transwell showed that the number of cells invading through the matrigel in con-trol. nonsense sequence, and rAd5-A-P transfection groups was 105.0±4.0,102.5±6.4, and 67.0±3.9 respectively. In the rAdS-A-P transfection group, cells formed only small aggregates as compared with the control and nonsense sequence groups in 3-dimensional matrigel matrix growth test. Conclusion ShRNA targeting PIK3R1 ,and AKTI downregulated significantly their expression in a sequence-specific manner, and inhibited the invasion of gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells in vitro.     

Wnt2信号通路重要成员在胶质瘤中的表达及其意义

近来发现Wnt信号通路对个体发育和肿瘤生成具有重要作用[1-2].为进一步探讨Wnt通路在胶质瘤中是否存在表达异常及其在胶质瘤生成中的作用,我们采用RT-PcR、组织芯片免疫组织化学染色以及蛋白印迹法,对人脑胶质瘤Wnt2通路相关因子的表达变化及其意义进行了分析.