全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6812篇 |
免费 | 658篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 174篇 |
儿科学 | 424篇 |
妇产科学 | 251篇 |
基础医学 | 609篇 |
口腔科学 | 584篇 |
临床医学 | 678篇 |
内科学 | 1316篇 |
皮肤病学 | 175篇 |
神经病学 | 492篇 |
特种医学 | 270篇 |
外科学 | 1433篇 |
综合类 | 32篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 265篇 |
眼科学 | 180篇 |
药学 | 347篇 |
中国医学 | 9篇 |
肿瘤学 | 237篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 17篇 |
2023年 | 140篇 |
2022年 | 87篇 |
2021年 | 221篇 |
2020年 | 183篇 |
2019年 | 227篇 |
2018年 | 424篇 |
2017年 | 334篇 |
2016年 | 414篇 |
2015年 | 406篇 |
2014年 | 431篇 |
2013年 | 830篇 |
2012年 | 362篇 |
2011年 | 371篇 |
2010年 | 421篇 |
2009年 | 228篇 |
2008年 | 153篇 |
2007年 | 76篇 |
2006年 | 207篇 |
2005年 | 150篇 |
2004年 | 68篇 |
2003年 | 62篇 |
2002年 | 82篇 |
2001年 | 142篇 |
2000年 | 112篇 |
1999年 | 134篇 |
1998年 | 139篇 |
1997年 | 103篇 |
1996年 | 131篇 |
1995年 | 85篇 |
1994年 | 93篇 |
1993年 | 80篇 |
1992年 | 57篇 |
1991年 | 59篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 26篇 |
1988年 | 33篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 27篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 22篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有7477条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Hakan Özkardeş Cankon Germiyanoğlu Ümit Kurt Levent Peşkircioğlu Uğur Altuğ Demokan Erol 《Pediatric surgery international》1995,10(7):488-491
Between 1983 and 1993, 41 patients underwent a first-stage Belt-Fuqua operation for penile hypospadias repair and 39 completed the second stage. Minor complications were observed after the first stage. The primary success rate following the second stage was 82%. Major complications noted after the second stage consisted mainly of fistula formation. The surgical technique is described and alternative methods are discussed. 相似文献
22.
Twenty-seven children with mumps or chickenpox were taken as a model to evaluate the haematological consequences of viral infections including serum iron status. Blood samples were obtained from all patients at presentation and on the 21 st day of the disease. While haemoglobin, haematocrit, and meam corpuscular volume levels were similar in two measurements (P>0.05), the mean leucocyte, absolute lymphocyte and thrombocyte counts, mean serum iron, serum iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation levels were lower at presentation than on the 21 st day of the disease. The serum iron levels were below 30 g/dl in 16 (59.2%) patients at presentation while only 4 (14.8%) had low values on 21 st day. Twenty-four (88.9%) patients had an increment in the serum iron binding capacity levels and 2 (7.6%) reached values above the normal range on the 21 st day. Int 21 (77.8%) patients, the transferrin saturation levels were below the expected ranges at presentation but 26 (96.3%) showed an increment on the 21 st day. However, the mean ferritin level was higher at presentation. Therefore, during the evaluation of patients for anaemia, the presence of a recent acute viral infection should be documented so as to avoid unnecessary iron medication. 相似文献
23.
H. Özbey C. Boneval Ü. Alkaç B. Bavbek G. Çakiroğlu T. Salman A. Çelik 《Pediatric surgery international》1996,11(8):547-549
It is known that polycythemia decreases the fluidity of the blood and impairs tissue perfusion due to red-cell sludging in the microcirculation. In this study, the effect of polycythemic hyperviscosity (PH) on bowel necrosis was evaluated in an experimental model of intestinal ischemia. Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats (90–170 g) were divided into two groups: group 1 was transfused to create hyperviscosity and then intestinal ischemia was produced (n = 16); in group 2 ischemia was produced without transfusion (n = 12). Intestinal ischemia was produced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery and the collateral arcades of the right colic artery for 30 min. Gross and histopathologic evaluations were performed by either immediate necropsy or relaparotomy 24 h later. Microscopic findings were graded from 0 to 3 according to the degree of ischemic changes. In group 1, 2 animals (12.5%) died before 24 h postoperatively; coagulation necrosis with grade 2 or 3 ischemic changes was observed in 10 animals (62.5%). In group 2 only a few hypertrophied Peyer's patches and capillary dilation were found, and all histopathologic changes were between grades 0 and 1. The difference between the histopathologic gradings of the two groups was significant (P < 0.001). It appears that in addition to reduced splanchnic blood flow, a secondary effect of PH is needed to induce ischemic coagulation necrosis. PH of the newborn must be considered a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis, so-called spontaneous intestinal perforations, and even intestinal atresia.Presented at the 1st European Congress of Pediatric Surgery, Graz/Austria, May 4–6, 1995 相似文献
24.
Mengü Burhanoğlu Sarenur Tütüncüoğlu Canan çoker Hasan Tekgül Tugrul Özgür 《European journal of pediatrics》1996,155(6):498-501
To understand further the role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of febrile convulsions, serum zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) and CSF Zn, Cu, Mg and protein levels were measured by spectrometry in patients with febrile convulsion (n=19), bacterial meningitis (n=9), viral CNS infection (n=16) and in the control groupn=10) which consisted of children with signs of meningeal irritation due to upper respiratory tract infection but normal CSF findings. Samples were obtained within 6 h after admission to hospital. Mean serum and CSF Zn levels in the febrile convulsion group were significantly lower than in the other groups (for serum Zn: 0.66±0.03 mg/l vs 0.98±0.07 mg/l, 1.06±0.08 mg/l, 1.05±0.09 mg/lP<0.05; for CSF Zn: 22.96±1.62 g/l vs 75.47 ±6.9 g/l, 50.32±5.235 g/l, 39.85 ±2.81 g/lP<0.05). A linear relationship was established between serum Zn and CSF Zn levels (P<0.001). Mean CSF Zn, Cu and protein levels in the bacterial meningitis group were significantly higher than in the other groups (for CSF Cu 63.94±6.33 g/l vs 38.77±2.70 g/l, 35.84±3.48 g/l, 33.86±2.88 g/lP<0.05; for CSF protein 0.80 ± 0.12 g/l vs 0.22±0.02 g/l, 0.53±0.08 g/l, 0.19±0.01 g/lP<0.05). In children with meningitis, the elevation of the mean CSF Zn and Cu levels may result from the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and subsequent leakage of trace elements and protein from serum to CSF. There was no significant difference between the four groups in terms of mean serum Mg and mean CSF Mg levels.Conclusion Serum and CSF Zn levels are decreased in children with febrile seizures. Zinc deprivation may play a role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures. 相似文献
25.
Bánkfalvi Á Piffkó J Öfner D Dreier R Böcker W Werner K 《Pathology oncology research : POR》1996,2(1-2):71-77
Until recently the only way to rescue masked epitopes in routinely processed surgical pathological material was enzymatic
digestion. The use of heat for antigen retrieval, first by microwave irradiation, represents an important breakthrough in
immunohistochemistry. With the acceptance of microwave oven pretreatment, various modified techniques and alternative heating
methods have also been proposed. Wet autoclave pretreatment for tissue proteolysis is a highly reliable alternative to the
microwave antigen retrieval technique. It provides uniform heating of the slides, hence an even enhancement of staining intensity
in a variety of formalin-sensitive antigens, and it also offers consistent interlaboratory results. The method has been introduced
in routine diagnostic immunohistochemistry for the detection of estrogen-and progesterone receptors, L26-, Ki-67- and bcl-2
antigens and variable types of cytokeratins (1/5/10/11, 8, 13, 19). Experimentally, wet autoclaving can be used very successfully
for the immunophenotyping of p53 and mdm2 expression, for the detection of adhesion molecules (CD44, integrins) and some anti-inflammatory
molecules (annexins), among others. It has produced a substantial improvement in the visualisation of silver-stained nucleolar
organizer regionsassociated proteins (AgNORs) in routine paraffin sections and along with modified silver staining and standardized
AgNOR parameters assessed by image analysis. Wet autoclaving-based AgNOR staining has been proposed by a European multicentric
study group as the standardized method for AgNOR analysis in archival material. 相似文献
26.
Piffkó J Bánkfalvi Á Öfner D Tötsch M Berens A Joos U Böcker W Schmid KW 《Pathology oncology research : POR》1996,2(1-2):37-42
Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded samples from 36 squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and the oral cavity (pT2N0M0, R0) surrounded by non-tumorous mucosa were studied immunohistochemically using a panel of four different anti-p53 antibodies
(CM1, PAbl801, D07, PAb240), a monoclonal anti-mdm2 antibody and MIB1, following wet autoclave antigen retrieval. P53 immunoreactivity
was detected in 11/14 laryngeal and in 9/22 oral carcinomas. All p53 positive oral, and all but one laryngeal tumors revealed
mdm2 positivity as well, whereas in p53 negative tumors 4/12 and 1/3 mdm2 immunopositive cases were demonstrated, respectively.
MIB1 labeling indices of the tumors ranged between 18% – 64% in p53 positive cases, and 10% – 53% in p53 negative ones. The
difference was not statistically significant. Close spatial coexpression of p53, mdm2 and MIB1 immunoreactivity was observed
at the invasive front of the carcinomas and in the basal and suprabasal layers of the non-tumorous epithelium in all p53 positive
cases. However, the MIB1 expression was similarly increased at the invasive margins in carcinomas lacking immunohistochemically
detectable p53 alterations. Our results strongly suggest that p53 overexpression does not necessarily correspond to increased
rate of proliferation, but rather to mdm2 overexpression and is largely dependent on the anatomical site in case of small
and localized squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. 相似文献
27.
Videolaparoscopic treatment of liver hydatid cysts with partial cystectomy and omentoplasty 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hydatid disease is one of the world's most important health problems. Although several conservative approaches have been used for the management of this condition, surgery remains the ideal choice in most of the cases. Videolaparoscopic approach can safely be applied for the management of liver hydatid cysts if several precautions are undertaken. In this study, we present two liver hydatid cyst cases successfully treated with partial cystectomy and omentoplasty using videolaparoscopic approach. 相似文献
28.
29.
L. Öjesjö 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》1980,15(2):81-90
Summary Using the new data from a second followup of the Lundby 1947 cohort, the aim of the present paper has been to analyze some relationships between known and hidden alcoholism in a Swedish general population sample. Information was collected by psychiatrists trough free, exploratory field interviews checked against documentary records. Alcoholism was medically defined for present purposes. Information was obtained for 98% of the 952 men surviving the cross-section date July 1, 1972. The distribution of alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders in the total population and in age subgroups was analyzed epidemiologically. The true prevalence of alcoholism in the adult men was 9.5%, comprising 7.2% known and 2.3% hidden. The proportion of hidden to known cases was 0.301 (Temperance Boards 0.871, Psychiatric Agencies 0.961, Drinking and driving offences 4.31). The main finding that about 70% of male alcoholics in Lundby appears to be known to the agencies is at variance with current views that there is an iceberg under the tip, though consistent with Rubington's suggestion that so-called hidden alcoholism is not totally but partially invisible in welfare societies. 相似文献
30.
Kutlan Özker İrfan Urgancioĝlu 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1981,6(4):173-176
99mTc-Gentamicin complex, a new agent for renal studies, is prepared by the reduction of pertechnetate by stannous chloride. Organ distribution in rats and paper chromatography with Whatman 3MM paper [developed in n-butanol, acetic acid, and water (4:1:1)] were favored as analytical tools for determination of labeling parameters of 99mTc-Gentamicin. A higher concentration of stannous ion is responsible for the formation of insoluble technetium species which concentrate in the liver. The mean kidney: liver ratio of 10.4:1 was obtained 1 h after injection. This confirms that scintigraphic delineation of kidneys is highly satisfactory. 相似文献