带血管蒂骨瓣转位在修复骨缺损中的应用

利用带血管蒂骨瓣局部移位移植,结合自体或同种异体骨移植,以修复因骨髓炎、骨囊肿及骨巨细胞瘤所致的骨缺损4例,使传统骨的“爬行替代”过程转化为一般骨折的愈合过程,缩短了愈合时间。随访证实疗效满意。应用本法无需借助于显微外科技术,无吻合血管并发症之虑,可直接观察良好的骨瓣血运,手术成功率高,骨愈合时间短,避免了长时间固定所带来的并发症。     

鄂西山区1592例成人泌尿系统疾病(USD)调查分析

本文对鄂西自治州一市二县三所医院近八年来(1980年元月～1987年12月)成人USD住院患者1592例的构成比作了回顾性调查分析.结果表明:USD患者占同期住院总人数的3.90%,其常见病种依次为尿路结石,尿路感染,慢性肾炎.急性肾炎、肾结核,慢性肾衰和肾病综合征;上尿路结石病人数有逐年上升趋势,且右侧显著高于左侧(P<0.001);慢性肾衰的病人数每隔1～2年有突然增高现象,1987年比1980年增加了四倍;急性肾炎和肾结核占有较大比例,肾结核为慢性肾衰病因的第三位.这些均为本组USD的临床流行病学特点.作者对各常见病种的特点进行了讨论.     

Debrisoquine hydroxylation and sulfamethazine acetylation in a Chinese population

Both debrisoquine hydroxylation and sulfamethazine acetylation phenotypes were studied in the same native Chinese population. Debrisoquine hydroxylation status was determined by HPLC assay of debrisoquine metabolic ratio in urine after a single oral dose of 10 mg debrisoquine. Three poor metabolizers were found in 220 subjects (1.36%). One hundred and one subjects of this population previously debrisoquine phenotyped were also tested for acetylation phenotyping on a separate occasion. Their acetylation status were determined by HPLC assay of "% acetylation" after a single oral dose of 1 g sulfamethazine. Twenty (19.8%) slow acetylators were found. There were no significant association between the 2 metabolic pathways.     

Mode of action of C-1027, a new macromolecular antitumor antibiotic with highly potent cytotoxicity,on human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells

Summary C-1027, a new macromolecular peptide antitumor antibiotic produced by aStreptomyces strain, was extremely cytotoxic to cultured cancer cells and markedly inhibited the growth of transplantable tumors in mice. As determined by tritium-labeled precursor-incorporation assay, C-1027 strongly inhibited DNA and RNA synthesis in hepatoma BEL-7402 cells without affecting protein synthesis. After incubation with the hepatoma cells for 4 h, IC₅₀ values for [³H]-thymidine and [³H]-uridine incorporation were 0.00012 and 0.00032 m, respectively. After 30 min incubation, C-1027 showed much stronger inhibition of [³H]-thymidine incorporation than did Adriamycin, mitomycin C or methotrexate, even at a concentration 10,000 times lower. The effect of C-1027 on pBR322 DNA suggested that the drug could cause single- or double-strand scission of DNA. As determined by flow cytometry, C-1027 delayed the progression of hepatoma cells through the S-phase and blocked the cells at G2+M. Cytological study showed that C-1027 caused a drastic reduction of the mitotic index within 1 h and that an overshot of the mitotic index occurred at 48 h. Our results indicate that C-1027 is an interesting compound with highly potent activity on cellular DNA.     

Relationship between age and effect of early and long-term captopril treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective To analyse the relationship between age and treatment with captopril after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods In a randomized trial, 822 patients with a first AMI received conventional medic al treatment, including intravenous thrombolytic therapy and oral aspirin or metoprolol, and then were randomly allocated to captopril ［dosage fr om the first 6.25 mg to 25 mg/t.i.d, 209 younger patients (≤64 years), 269 elderly patients (65-75 years)］ or conventional treatment only (131 younger p atients, 213 elderly). Survival in the four groups was calculated with the Kapl an-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed to understand the degree that multi-variables (including age) affect survival in patients taking captopr il in the hospital or during long term follow-up. Results The survival of patients who took captopril correlated significantly with age ( P&lt;0.001). The survival of the elderly patients on captopril treatment did increase (P&lt;0.0001), but not of the younger ones (P&gt;0.05) during hosp italization. During follow-up, the survival of patients who took captopril cor related insignificantly with age (P&gt;0.05), but both the elderly and the you n ger patients have good survival rates (all P&lt;0.01) and lower cardiac events (all P&lt;0.01) when they took captopril.Conclusions Captopril exerts a weak effect on the younger patients but a beneficial effect o n the elderly patients during hospitalization after AMI. However, there is no d ifference between the younger and the elderly in the prognosis, both having good survival and lower cardiac events when they take captopril long term during fol low-up.     

Hepatic artery angiography and embolization for hemobilia after hepatobiliary surgery

目的　观察血管造影和肝动脉栓塞术对胆道术后胆道出血的诊断和治疗价值。方法　 9例在胆道手术后 7天到 3个月出现上消化道出血。所有患者行急诊肝动脉造影并采用明胶海绵和微钢圈进行肝动脉栓塞治疗。结果　肝动脉造影检查可见肝动脉假性动脉瘤 3例 ;肝动脉弥漫性出血 3例 ;右肝动脉胆道瘘 2例和肝动脉小肠瘘 1例。通过肝动脉栓塞控制胆道出血 7例 ,其中 1例再出血。 7例患者随访其中 3例死于多功能脏器衰竭。 2例因技术原因无法止血 ,数天后死亡。结论　胆道手术后出现上消化道出血如怀疑是胆道出血 ,应首先采用肝动脉血管造影检查 ,同时尽可能早地采用选择性肝动脉栓塞术治疗胆道出血 ,可获得较好的临床效果。     

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for leukemia

Objective To observe engraftment kinetics, the incidence and severity of graft-versus-ho st disease (GVHD), and clinical outcome on 40 recipients undergoing allogeneic p eripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT).Methods From June 1997 to May 1999, forty leukemia patients with a median age of 35 year s underwent allo-PBSCT. PBSC were mobilized with G-CSF at a dose of 5 μg/kg s.c. every 12 hours for 5 days. A median of 7.7 (2.0-16.8)×10 (6) CD34(+) cells/kg was infused into the recipients. Busulfan-cyclophosphamid e (BU-CY) was used as the conditioning regimen. All patients received cyclospo rine A and either methotrexate (n=34) or methylprednisolone (n=6) for GVHD p rophylaxis. Results Engraftment of neutrophils and platelets was achieved at a median of 13 days (9 -28 days) and 12 days (7-60 days) respectively. Patients receiving ≥4×10 (6) CD34(+) cells/kg or given G-CSF post transplant had significantl y accelerated neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Acute GVHD occurred in 17 of 40 patients (42.5%), with grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute GVHD in 10 patients (25%). Chron ic GVHD developed in 21 (9 extensive, 12 limited) out of 30 evaluable patients ( 21/30, 70%) with a median follow up of 380 days (180-900 days). Transplan t related mortality was 17.5% and the relapse rate was 10%. The probability of leukemia free survival at 3 years was 72.5%.Conclusion Allo-PBSCT can provide rapid hematopoietic reconstitution without an increased incidence of acute GVHD, but may be associated with a high risk of chronic GVHD .     

急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠胰生长抑素受体的变化与奥曲肽治疗的作用机制

目的研究急性坏死性胰腺炎（ANP）时胰生长抑素受体（SSTR）的表达、胰组织血流改变及其与二十碳烯酸代谢的关系,探讨生长抑素类似剂奥曲肽治疗ANP的作用机制。方法以牛磺胆酸钠胰胆管注射诱发大鼠ANP模型,作125I-生长抑素-14受体放射配基结合实验,原位杂交检测胰组织SSTR2mRNA表达,组织血流仪测量胰组织血流,放免法检测血浆二十碳烯酸代谢物等。结果正常大鼠胰SSTR水平为110±58fmol/mg膜蛋白;ANP发病后3、6、12h,胰SSTR显著减低,SSTR2mRNA原位杂交信号显著减弱,胰组织血流明显降低,血栓素B2显著增高;奥曲肽给药组胰组织血流降低和二十碳烯酸异常代谢显著矫正,病理损害减轻。结论急性坏死性胰腺炎时胰组织SSTR表达显著降低。因此,生长抑素类似剂治疗ANP的机制可能主要与矫正二十碳烯酸异常代谢、改善胰组织微循环等有关,而受体介导的抑酶作用则是次要的。     

合肥地区产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株的分布及药敏分析

目的：了解合肥地区产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌分布及耐药特点。方法：应用纸片扩散法对合肥地区4家较大的综合性医院从临床标本中分离的254株肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌进行ESBL的确诊试验。结果：254株大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌共检出69株产ESBL菌株（27.2%）,其中,血液感染ESBL检出率为54.5%（6/11）、烧伤科ESBL的检出率为48.6%(18/37）。亚胺硫霉素对产ESBL的大砀埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的敏感率分别为94.5%和80%。头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢西丁对产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌的敏感率在40%-70%之间,阿米卡星对产ESBL的大肠埃希菌的敏感率为69.2%。结论：ESBL在血液感染的烧伤科标本中的检出率较高。治疗产ESBL菌株引起的感染可首选亚胺硫霉素,其次,选含酶抑制剂的复方制剂和头霉素类。对产ESBL的大肠埃希菌也可选阿米卡星。