应用GPS 与谷歌地球建立血防工作信息空间数据库的研究

目的 综合评价GPS与Google Earth建立血防工作信息空间数据库的实用性。 方法 选择大观区为研究对象,使用GPSMAP76型手持机,对该区流行村、钉螺环境、阳性钉螺及急感发生地的经纬度进行测定,并通过一些配套软件,将其导入到Google Earth地图上,在地图上建立血防工作空间数据库。 结果 导入到Google Earth的数据可以按照分类分别显示、制图,做一些简单的空间分析和预警,精准测量长度和计算钉螺面积。 结论 应用GPS与Google Earth建立血防工作空间数据库简单易行,有一定的实际应用价值。     

Tofacitinib for acute rheumatoid arthritis patients who have had an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD): a systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for the treatment of patients with acute rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have had an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). Randomized controlled trials were searched in MEDLINE (1966–2013), Embase (1947–2013), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1948–2013), WHO International Clinical Trial Registration Platform (2004–2013), Clinical Trial.gov (1999–2013), and China Biology Medicine disc (1978–2013). The review included 10 studies involving 4,929 patients. A pooled analysis of six studies showed that tofacitinib had a superior effect over placebo (both with background therapy) at weeks 12 and 24. Also, the pooled results of three studies showed that tofacitinib monotherapy had a significantly greater effect over placebo. Compared to adalimumab, tofacitinib was found to be more efficacious as well. For safety, tofacitinib monotherapy had less serious adverse events (sAE) than placebo but not other adverse effects (oAE). In the comparison of tofacitinib and placebo both with background therapy, no difference in sAE and oAE were found. However, the quality of the evidence was quite low when evaluated using GRADE. Tofacitinib alone, or together with non-biologic DMARDs, was associated with more favorable remission in the signs and symptoms of RA than adalimumab or placebo. Also, tofacitinib monotherapy was safer than placebo with regards to reported sAE, but not oAE. However, the quality of evidence is exceedingly low; long-term, large-scale, and high-quality post-marketing research is suggested to further verify the conclusion.     

Short sleep duration is associated with increased risk of pre-hypertension and hypertension in Chinese early middle-aged females

Sleep and Breathing - The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and hypertension in a middle-aged Chinese population. Cross-sectional data of 20,505...     

Macrophage polarization in response to wear particles in vitro

Total joint replacement is a highly successful surgical procedure for treatment of patients with disabling arthritis and joint dysfunction. However, over time, with high levels of activity and usage of the joint, implant wear particles are generated from the articulating surfaces. These wear particles can lead to activation of an inflammatory reaction, and subsequent bone resorption around the implant （periprosthetic osteolysis）. Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage orchestrate this chronic inflammatory response, which is dominated by a pro-inflammatory （M 1） macrophage phenotype rather than an anti-inflammatory pro-tissue healing （M2） macrophage phenotype. While it has been shown that interleukin-4 （IL-4） selectively polarizes macrophages towards an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype which promotes bone healing, rather than inflammation, little is known about the time course in which this occurs or conditions in which repolarization through I L-4 is most effective. The goal of this work was to study the time course of murine macrophage polarization and cytokine release in response to challenge with combinations of polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） particles, lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and IL-4 in vitro. Treatment of particle-challenged monocyte/macrophages with IL-4 led to an initial suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） production and subsequent polarization into an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. This result was optimized when IL-4 was delivered before PMMA particle challenge, to an M 1 phenotype rather than to uncommitted （MO） macrophages. The effects of this polarization were sustained over a 5-day time course. Polarization of M1 macrophages into an M2 phenotype may be a strategy to mitigate wear particle associated periprosthetic osteolysis.     

Hepatitis C virus-specific cellular and humoral immune responses following immunization with a multi-epitope fusion protein

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important causative agent of acute and chronic hepatitis worldwide. We prepared a fusion protein in the vector of pET-11d that included three conserved broadly neutralizing B-cell epitopes and a series of T-cell epitopes located in the HCV NS3 region. In vivo administration of this fusion construct resulted in specific CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes in both PBMCs and splenocytes that could recognize specific antigen sites that could be detected by FACS. An HCVcc system was established and applied to detect HCV-specific neutralizing antibodies. These results suggest that the multi-epitope fusion protein is immunogenic and can elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. In particular, this fusion protein is able to elicit HCV-specific neutralizing antibodies, which are critical for viral clearance. This construct may be significant for vaccine development and could be a potential candidate to be included in the design of a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine against HCV.     

花粉对抗体生成的影响

LACA雄性小鼠经腹腔注射花粉浸提液,其抗体生成受到一定的抑制,IgG、PFC抑制率为56.2～63.6％,血清抗体生成量的抑制车为42％,主要由花粉浸提液中MW>1000的组分昕致。LACA雄性小鼠经灌胃给予花粉浸提液,对lgG、PFC及血清抗体生成量均未见有明显影响。     

粘接剂与基牙颜色对三种CAD/CAM全瓷贴面颜色的影响

目的 评价全瓷修复体材料、基牙颜色及粘接剂对CAD/CAM椅旁系统修复体色泽的影响.方法 选择三种CAD/CAM椅旁全瓷修复材料：IPS Empress CAD、IPS E.max CAD和Cerec Blocs.每种材料各制备出厚度为（0.8±0.02）mm的试样18片,随机分为3组,以聚四氟乙烯为模板,制作15mm×13mm×2mm的3种颜色的基牙树脂试件,分别采用2种颜色（Transparent与Bleach）的粘接剂粘接瓷片与基牙树脂,每组3片,静压2min,光照20s,使用台式分光亮度仪测量三种全瓷材料的透光度,比较粘接前后修复体的L＊、a＊、b＊值,并计算粘接前后的色差△E.结果 不管基牙颜色或瓷片种类如何,透明色粘接剂组粘接前后的色差△E皆显著大于漂白色粘接剂组.Cerec Blocs组粘接前后的色差最大,E.max组的色差最小,而Empress则介于两者之间.结论 三种全瓷材料中,Empress的透光度最佳,Cerec Blocs陶瓷材料更易受基牙颜色与粘接剂的影响.透明色粘接剂对基牙树脂与瓷贴面复合体的颜色影响大于漂白色粘接剂.     

钛镍记忆合金牵张成骨的骨密度及生物力学测试

背景:钛镍记忆合金牵张器采用保留舌侧部分骨皮质的截骨方式,没有间歇期,与以往其他牵张器方法有所不同,因此对该方法成骨时间及质量都需要进行重新评价.目的:通过对新生骨密度和生物力学测试观察钛镍记忆合金牵张器牵张成骨效果.设计:随机对照观察.单位:解放军总医院口腔科.材料:选用雄性健康成年杂种犬12只,体质量21～26 kg,由解放军总医院医学实验动物中心提供并饲养.实验过程中对动物的处置符合动物伦理学标准.实验用牵张器为自行研制.XR-36型双能X线骨密度仪为美国Norland公司生产.858 Mini Bionix Ⅱ型生物材料实验机为美国MTS公司生产.方法:实验于2000-07/2004-05在解放军总医院医学实验动物中心完成.①采用统计软件随机法将实验犬分为牵张3个月组和牵张6个月组,每组各6只.两组实验犬左侧下颌骨均为实验侧,右侧下颌骨为自身对照侧.②牵张3个月组和牵张6个月组分别于牵张完成后3,6个月麻醉后处死实验犬,切取下颌骨标本,对牵张间隙上方、牵张间隙及牵张间隙下方进行双能X线骨密度测量,同时切取实验侧牵张侧区域中段及对照侧相应部位进行压缩生物力学测试,计算抗压强度、弹性模量.主要观察指标:①牵张3个月组和牵张6个月组实验犬牵张侧及对照侧下颌骨密度测量结果.②实验侧牵张侧区域中段及对照侧相应部位抗压强度、弹性模量.结果:纳入实验犬12只,12只均进入结果分析,无脱落.①下颌骨密度测量结果:牵张3个月组实验犬下颌骨牵张侧牵张间隙上方骨密度低于对照侧,差异有显著性意义(t=-2.898,P＜0.05).牵张6个月组实验犬两侧各区域间的骨密度差异均无显著性意义(P＞0.05).②压缩生物力学检测结果:牵张3个月组实验犬下颌骨牵张侧抗压强度、弹性模量均低于对照侧,差异有显著性意义(t=-3.274,-3.534,P＜0.05).牵张6个月组实验犬两指标较牵张3个月组均有增加,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:使用全埋置的钛镍记忆合金牵张器牵张成的新骨有足够的强度和质量,可以进行种植等后期修复.