四川省西昌市吸毒人群首次吸毒情况的调查分析

目的:调查四川省西昌市吸毒人群首次吸毒的发生情况。方法:在四川省凉山彝族自治州西昌市戒毒所、拘留所和看守所调查吸毒人员的人口学特征,吸毒前吸烟和饮酒的情况,朋友、亲戚和家人吸毒的人数,首次吸毒的时间和使用毒品的方式和种类,吸毒前是否有被治安处理或违法行为。结果:共调查了619名吸毒人员,从出生到首次吸毒的发生率为4·08/100(95%可信区间为3·76-4·40)人年。在多因素Cox比例风险模型中,15a以前开始吸烟(危险率比值为1·58;95%可信区间为1·35-1·86),朋友中吸毒的人数(朋友中有1-4人吸毒危险率比值为1·25;95%可信区间为1·04-1·51,朋友中有5人及以上吸毒危险率比值为1·71;95%可信区间为1·39-2·09)和研究对象来源(拘留所和看守所危险率比值为1·52;95%可信区间为1·18-1·96)与首次吸毒的发生率有统计学意义。结论:需进一步了解首次吸毒发生的情况及其影响因素,为开展健康教育和行为干预来预防吸毒和有关疾病的传播提供科学依据。     

我院门诊患者退药情况分析及对策

目的：对我院门诊患者退药情况进行分析,采取合理措施降低退药率,保证药品质量,从而提高我院药房管理质量,保证患者安全。方法：分析2013年6～12月我院门诊药房退药数据,根据退药科室、退药原因、退药剂型分类进行统计分析,并提出改进措施。结果：在退药原因中所占比例最大的是因医生开错处方导致退药的高达17.1%,患者退药金额共计52732.9元,其中神经类用药的退药金额最大,为23648.72元,所占比例为21.32%,皮肤外用药的退药比例和退药金额都较大,分别为48.34%和16705.85元,口服片剂占59.76%,注射剂占29.83%。结论：为加强医院管理,提高医务人员的责任心,强化医生合理用药意识,保证患者安全,减少退药,需要药师与医生协作与配合。     

毒蕈中毒致急性肝衰竭3例

3例患者（男2例,女1例）,年龄分别为14、4、37岁,食用自采野生蘑菇1d后出现恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻等急性胃肠道症状。经治疗上述症状无明显缓解,且出现肝及心肌损害。4d后3例患者均出现皮肤及巩膜黄染,实验室检查示ALT1101～6580U/L,AST715～1965U/L,TBil38.5～153.2μmol/L,DBil16.9～63.1μmol/L,IBil21.6～90.1μmol/L;LDH1036～2234U/L,CK-MB18～36U/L,CK30～669U/L。临床确诊为毒蕈中毒、肝衰竭。先后给予3例患者白蛋白透析、血浆置换及对症、支持治疗。住院14d后患者病情好转出院。     

家庭无创通气对慢性肺心病肺动脉高压的影响

目的探讨家庭无创机械通气对慢性肺源性心脏病（简称慢性肺心病）肺动脉高压的影响。方法慢性肺源性心脏病代偿期患者60例,随机分成治疗组30例（家庭无创机械通气联合常规治疗12周）和常规组30例（常规治疗12周）,测定治疗前后患者血浆ET-1、NO水平、血气变化及肺动脉压力等。结果①治疗组患者血浆NO水平明显升高（P<0.05）、血浆ET-1水平明显下降（P<0.05）。②治疗组肺动脉压、PaCO₂明显下降（P<0.05）,PaO₂明显升高（P<0.05）。③血浆NO水平变化与肺动脉压、PaCO₂呈负相关,与PaO₂呈正相关;血浆ET-1与肺动脉压、PaCO₂呈正相关,与PaO₂呈负相关。结论家庭无创机械通气治疗是慢性肺心病失代偿期患者肺动脉高压的重要治疗措施。     

紫杉醇在常见妇科恶性肿瘤中的应用

紫杉醇是一种新型抗微管类药物,自上市以来,该药就在妇科恶性肿瘤的治疗中得到了广泛应用。FDA已批准紫杉醇用于卵巢癌的一线治疗,而NCCN和FIGO指南也推荐其作为宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌的首选化疗药物。本文对紫杉醇的药理学机制进行了总结,归纳了该药的重要临床试验,着重比较在3种常见妇科恶性肿瘤中不同用药剂量、给药方式和联合用药的效果差异及不良反应,为紫杉醇的临床应用提供参考。     

Visual targeted therapy of hepatic cancer using homing peptide modified calcium phosphate nanoparticles loading doxorubicin guided by T1 weighted MRI

Effective treatment and real-time monitoring of hepatic cancer are essential. A multifunctional calcium phosphate nanoparticles loading chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin and magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gadolinium (A54-CaP/Gd-DTPA/DOX) was developed for visual targeted therapy of hepatic cancer via T1-weighted MRI in real-time. A54-CaP/Gd-DTPA/DOX exhibited a higher longitudinal relaxivity (6.02?mM^?1?s^?1) than commercial MR contrast agent Gd-DTPA (3.3765?mM^?1?s^?1). The DOX release from the nanoparticles exhibited a pH dependent behavior. The cellular uptake results showed that the internalization of A54-CaP/Gd-DTPA/DOX into BEL-7402 cells was1.9-fold faster than that of HepG2 cells via A54 binding. In vivo experiments presented that A54-CaP/Gd-DTPA/DOX had higher distribution and longer retention time in tumor tissue than CaP/Gd-DTPA/DOX and free DOX, and also displayed great antitumor efficacy (95.38% tumor inhibition rate) and lower toxicity. Furthermore, the Gd-DTPA entrapped in the nanoparticles could provide T1-weighted MRI for real-time monitoring the progress of tumor treatment.     

Activation of phospholipase D involved in both injury and survival in A549 alveolar epithelial cells exposed to H2O2

To determine the role of the phospholipase D (PLD) pathway in injury and survival of alveolar epithelial cells, A549 cells were exposed to H₂O₂ (500 μM) which resulted in time-dependent injury and bi-phasic increase of PLD activity at 5 min and at 3 h, respectively. n-Butanol (0.5%) inhibited PLD activation, attenuated cell injury at 5 min of H₂O₂ exposure, but enhanced injury at 3 h of exposure. This activation was inhibited by treatment with catalase (500 units/ml). Exogenous phosphatidic acid mimicked the effects of PLD activation, and diphenyliodonium (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) reversed the decline in cell viability induced by H₂O₂ exposure. Propranolol (phosphatidic acid phospholydrolase inhibitor) and quinacrine (phospholipase A2 inhibitor) had weak effects on H₂O₂-induced PLD activation but reversed H₂O₂-induced injury. We speculate that PLD activation at the initiation of H₂O₂ exposure predominantly results in NAPDH oxidase activation, which mediates A549 cell injury, but turns to mediating cell survival as the H₂O₂ attack continues, which might be mainly due to the accumulation of intracellular phosphatidic acid.     

益气活血解毒方对晚期卵巢癌患者无复发生存时间及生活质量的影响

目的 观察益气活血解毒方对晚期卵巢癌患者无复发生存时间及生活质量的影响.方法 选取2009-2013年中国中医科学院广安门医院125例晚期卵巢癌一线治疗病灶完全消失后复发的患者,根据是否采用中药干预分为中药组（50例）及对照组（75例）.中药组给予手术治疗及化疗后服用益气活血解毒方,对照组给予西医手术治疗及化疗.采集2组患者基本情况及无复发生存时间,并采用卵巢癌治疗功能评价系统的健康状态评分、卡氏评分和中医症状积分评估2组患者的生活质量.结果 中药组无复发生存时间为18.5个月,对照组无复发生存时间16.0个月,Kaplan-Meier曲线显示中药维持治疗可延长中位无复发生存期（log rank：P=0.006）.中药组复发时生活质量卵巢癌治疗功能评价系统积分、卡氏评分及症状积分与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义[（20.1±2.6）分比（24.8 ±4.0）分,（79±9）分比（72±9）分,（12.7±2.4）分比（16.6±3.2）分,均P＜0.05].结论 益气活血解毒方能延长晚期卵巢癌患者的无复发生存期,提高其生活质量.     

阳离子铝酞菁红区荧光探针测定硫酸软骨素

目的建立以阳离子铝酞菁为红区荧光探针定量测定硫酸软骨素(CS)的新方法。方法在pH5.0的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,阳离子铝酞菁与CS发生相互作用形成离子缔合物而导致荧光猝灭。在610 nm波长光的激发下,随着CS的加入,探针的特征发射峰(676 nm)处的荧光强度逐步减弱。结果在最佳条件下,荧光强度差值(ΔIf)与CS浓度(C,μg/mL)在0.2~1.3μg/mL内呈良好的线性关系,工作曲线为ΔIf=406.67C-36.23,r=0.997。建立了溶剂沉淀法成功地进行了样品的前处理,实现了实际样品(滴眼液)的准确测定。结论该法简便、快速、抗金属离子及小分子干扰的能力较强,可用于复杂实际样品中CS的含量测定。