乌鲁木齐某社区中老年人膳食营养状况分析

目的 了解乌鲁木齐市社区中老年居民膳食营养状况,为今后合理指导中老年人膳食营养提供参考依据.方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,通过24h膳食回顾法收集乌市社区579名中老年人的膳食种类和摄入量.结果 社区中老年人膳食构成以植物性食物为主,其中粮谷类、蔬菜水果类、畜禽肉类、蛋类的摄入量达到或接近中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐摄入量,而油脂和盐的摄入量分别为39.0 g/d、12.1 g/d,均超过了推荐摄入量;3大产热营养素产热分配比例中,蛋白质、脂肪的供能百分比分别为15.9％、38.2％,高于推荐比例,而碳水化合物供能比为45.9％,低于推荐比例;钙的摄入量为614.7 mg/d,远低于参考摄入量,而铁的摄入量虽然达到参考摄入量,但来源较差,77.1％来自于植物性食物.结论 乌鲁木齐市社区中老年人膳食结构仍欠平衡,应加强宣传教育,提高营养知识水平;日常饮食中建议中老年人多吃蔬菜水果和鱼,减少油脂和盐的摄入,从而达到促进健康和合理营养的目的.     

Could Lower Bone Turnover be a Cause of Chest Pain During Childhood?

Chest pain, a frequent complaint during childhood, rarely originates from a cardiac pathology. Although it usually is idiopathic, it also could be associated with psychogenic, musculoskeletal, respiratory, and digestive disorders. This study aimed to investigate a possible relation between bone mineral density and chest pain in children. Bone mineral density and bone metabolism parameters were measured for 50 children with chest pain, and the findings were compared with those for 40 age- and sex-matched healthy children. Most of the cases (64%) were in the idiopathic group, and musculoskeletal chest pain was the second most frequent complaint (12%). Although bone mineral densities and osteocalcin levels did not differ significantly between the whole chest pain group and the control group, both were found to be lower in the musculoskeletal chest pain group than in other groups and the control group (p < 0.05). Musculoskeletal chest pain may be related to reduced bone mineral metabolism, and monitoring of risk factors is of particular importance.     

ALL-BFM 95 treatment in Turkish children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia-experience of a single center

Little is known about the likelihood of curing children with high-dose chemotherapy regimens for treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Turkey. The authors here report their 13 years' experience with original ALL-BFM (Berlin-Franfurt-Münster) 95 protocol in a cohort of 140 Turkish children with ALL. Complete remission rate was 97.7% with a relapse rate of 12.9% and death rate 17.9% during a median follow-up of 69 months. The event-free survival (EFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in these patients at 12 years were 75.0%, 87.1%, and 80.6%, respectively. These results show that ALL-BFM 95 protocol is equally applicable in the experienced centers, even in developing countries without substantial treatment-related toxicity. High rate of infection deaths are to be reduced with correct policies.     

Umbilical venous catheter complications in newborns: a 6-year single-center experience

Objective: Umbilical venous catheter (UVC) insertion is frequently performed in critically ill neonates. Various mild or serious complications of umbilical venous catheterization can be observed associated with this procedure. In this study, newborns that have undergone UVC and developed complications were evaluated.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in newborns that have undergone UVC and developed complications were evaluated between June 2008 and November 2014.

Results: Umbilical venous catheter were inserted to 974 (22.4%) newborn and followed for 7402/catheter days. UVC-related complications developed at 198 patients (20.3%). The most common UVC-related complications were malposition (n?=?189), catheter-related bloodstream infection (n?=?6) and remnant of catheter in the umbilicus (n?=?3), respectively. Remnant of catheter in the umbilicus was removed by pediatric surgeon. Except one patient, all patients were discharged.

Conclusion: Although UVC is a common and easy vascular access, this process is not without complications. UVC may be inappropriate position because the catheter is inserted by the pediatrician without imaging guidance and may occasionally be associated with complications. Inappropriate positioning of the catheter may observe during the follow-up and maintained care. Therefore, newborns particularly in premature and very low birth-weight newborn should be followed in terms of catheter complications during insertion, following and just after removing of the catheter.     

Bilateral accessory flexor digitorum longus muscle in man

An accessory muscle (flexor digitorum longus accessorius) was encountered in the deep posterior compartment of both legs of a 57-year-old male cadaver. The muscle originated with two heads from the medial margin of the tibia, lateral margin of the fibula, posterior intermuscular septum and the deep fascia at the distal part of the leg. Both heads came together just posterior and superficial to the tibial nerve, and converged into a slender tendon which traversed the tarsal tunnel in the vicinity of the neurovascular bundle to reach the sole of the foot. It terminated by merging into the tendon of the quadratus plantae muscle. The potential of such an anomalous muscle to lead to misinterpretations of the radio-diagnostic examinations and the fact that it can be one of the causes of tarsal tunnel syndrome should be borne in mind.     

A multi-stage automatic arrhythmia recognition and classification system

This paper describes an automatic classification system based on combination of diverse features for the purpose of automatic heartbeat recognition. The method consists of three stages. At the first stage, heartbeats are classified into 5 main groups defined by AAMI using optimal feature sets for each main group. At the second stage, main groups are classified into subgroups using optimal features for each subgroup. Then the third stage is added to the system for classifying beats that are labeled as unclassified beats in the first two classification stages. A diverse set of features including higher order statistics, morphological features, Fourier transform coefficients, and higher order statistics of the wavelet package coefficients are extracted for each different type of ECG beat. At the first stage, optimal features for main groups are determined by using a wrapper type feature selection algorithm. At the second stage, optimal features are similarly selected for discriminating each subgroup of the main groups. Then at the third stage, only raw data is used for classifying beats. In all stages, the classifiers are based on the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. ECG records used in this study are obtained from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The classification accuracy of the proposed system is measured by sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity measures. The system is classified 16 heartbeat types. The measures of proposed system are 85.59%, 95.46%, and 99.56%, for average sensitivity, average selectivity, and average specificity, respectively.     

Preferential Reduction of Circulating Innate Lymphoid Cells Type 2 in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency with Secondary Complications Is Part of a Broader Immune Dysregulation

Purpose

Over a third of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) suffer from secondary complications like inflammatory organ disease, autoimmune manifestations, or lymphoproliferation contributing to increased morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerging roles in setting the milieu for physiological, but also pathological, immune responses and inflammation. We therefore sought to correlate the recently identified disturbed homeostasis of ILCs with alterations of the adaptive immune system in complex CVID patients (CVIDc).

Methods

We quantified peripheral blood ILC and T helper cell subsets of 58 CVID patients by flow cytometry and compared the results to the clinical and immunological phenotype.

Results

Total ILCs were significantly reduced in peripheral blood of CVIDc patients compared to healthy individuals, but not to CVID patients who suffered only from infections (CVIDio). This reduction was mainly due to a decrease in ILC2s, while ILC3s were relatively increased in CVIDc compared to CVIDio patients. This alteration in ILC phenotype was more prominent in patients with an expansion of CD21^low B cells, but we could not detect an association of the altered ILC phenotype with a T_H1-shift among circulating CD4 T cells, which was also prominent in CVIDc patients.

Conclusion

We confirm a relative shift in ILCs of CVIDc patients towards ILC3s which was associated with the expansion of CD21^low B cells, but not overtly with the relative expansion of T_H1-like T cells. Given the relative abundance of T_H1-like T cells compared to ILCs, these probably represent a more prominent source of the observed IFNγ-signature in CVIDc patients.

     

Beneficial effect of myricetin on renal functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetes

Myricetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that is known to decrease plasma glucose levels in diabetes; however, its influence on renal functions has not yet been determined. This study investigated the effect of myricetin on structural and functional changes occurring in diabetic nephropathy. Male Albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups: normoglycemic, diabetic and myricetin-treated diabetic. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of streptozotocin (50?mg/kg), and rats having fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels greater than 200?mg/dl were included in the study. Treatment of myricetin (6?mg/day ip) was initiated 16?weeks after diabetes was confirmed. Light microscopy was performed on hematoxylin-eosin- and Masson's trichrome-stained sections to evaluate the effect of myricetin on structural changes in the kidney, while creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney weight, urine volume and protein were measured to assess kidney functions. Activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and xanthine oxidase (XO) were also measured in renal tissues obtained from all experimental groups. Myricetin treatment significantly decreased glomerulosclerosis and reduced BUN, urinary volume and protein excretion, which was profoundly increased in diabetic rats. Decreased creatinine clearance measured in diabetic rats was significantly increased following myricetin treatment. Myricetin also restored altered renal activities of GPx and XO, which were decreased and increased in diabetic rats, respectively. In conclusion, myricetin improved altered renal functions and restored renal activities of GPx and XO in diabetic rats. Obtained data suggest that myricetin could be of therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy.