30 and 32 kDa outer membrane proteins of Bordetella pertussis as a modulator on promoting degranulation of mast cells

Asthma is a common allergic disease of respiratorytract in human,especiallyin children [1-3] ,andcan be classified into 3 clinical types ,immediateasthmatic reaction (IAR) ,late asthmatic reaction(LAR) and biphasic asthmatic reaction(BAR)[4] ,in which approximately 60 %of cases intheworld belong to IgE-mediated IAR[5-7] . By theprevious epidemiological studies ,it was reportedthat respiratory infections by some pathogenic mi-croorganisms, such asBordetella pertussis, in-fluenza virus A o…     

RNA干扰对EC9706细胞mTOR表达及细胞生长与凋亡的影响

目的:探讨RNA干扰技术对人食管癌EC9706细胞哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)的表达及细胞生长与凋亡的影响.方法:设计合成mTOR siRNA,采用低、中、高浓度(50、100与150 nmoL/L)的mTOR siRNA分别转染EC9706细胞24、48与72 h.同时设无义对照组(转染无义对照siRNA)、空白对照组(转染空脂质体)及正常对照组(不转染).采用免疫细胞化学与原位杂交法分别检测各组EC9706细胞中mTOR蛋白与mRNA的表达;应用MTT法检测细胞增殖,计算细胞生长抑制率;应用TUNEL法检测转染24 h时细胞凋亡,计算凋亡指数(AI).结果:转染24、48与72 h,6组细胞mTOR蛋白和mRNA的表达差异均有统计学意义(mTOR蛋白:F=24.14,45.78,59.19,P均＜0.001;mTOR mRNA:F=41.42,69.74,43.71,P均＜0.001),细胞生长抑制率差异亦有统计学意义(F=143.85,172.98,155.01,P均＜0.001);低、中、高浓度组转染不同时间点间比较,mTOR蛋白(F=42.23,29.46,50.22,P均＜0.001)、mTOR mRNA(F=6.48,8.50,4.80,P均＜0.05)及细胞生长抑制率(F=78.77,76.14,52.28,P均＜0.001)差异均有统计学意义.mTOR siRNA转染组EC9706细胞mTOR蛋白与mRNA的表达均低于各对照组,且mTOR蛋白及mRNA的表达随mTOR siRNA浓度的增加及转染时间的延长而减弱(P＜0.05).不同浓度mTOR siRNA转染组EC9706细胞生长抑制率均高于各对照组,且细胞生长抑制率随mTOR siRNA浓度的增加和转染时间的延长而升高(P＜0.05).转染24 h,6组细胞AI相比,差异有统计学意义(F=442.96,P＜0.001),mTOR siRNA转染组AI均高于各对照组,且高浓度转染组AI高(P＜0.05).结论:mTOR siRNA可有效抑制EC9706细胞mTOR蛋白与mRNA的表达,且能抑制EC9706细胞的增殖并促进其凋亡.     

雷帕霉素对食管癌EC1细胞mTOR表达及细胞生长与凋亡的影响

目的:探讨雷帕霉素对人食管癌EC1细胞哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)的表达及细胞生长、凋亡的影响.方法:采用低、中、高浓度的雷帕霉素(100、150、200 nmol/L)分别作用于EC1细胞24、48、72 h,同时设溶剂对照组和空白对照组,用免疫细胞化学及原位杂交法检测EC1细胞中mTOR蛋白与mRNA的表达,MTT法检测EC1细胞的增殖情况,TUNEL法检测各组作用24 h后细胞凋亡情况.结果:雷帕霉素作用24、48与72 h,5组细胞mTOR蛋白与mRNA的表达差异均有统计学意义(mTOR蛋白:F=29.273、34.328、41.571,P均<0.001;mTOR mRNA:F=34.969、53.614、36.943,P均<0.001),细胞生长抑制率差异亦有统计学意义(F=566.732、51.768和186.022,P均<0.001);雷帕霉素低、中、高浓度组EC1细胞mTOR蛋白与mRNA的表达均低于各对照组,且其表达随雷帕霉素浓度的增加及作用时间的延长而减弱(P<0.05).雷帕霉素低、中、高浓度组细胞生长抑制率均高于各对照组,且随雷帕霉素浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而升高(P<0.05).作用24 h,5组细胞凋亡指数(AI)差异有统计学意义(F=524.563,P<0.001),雷帕霉素低、中、高浓度组AI均高于各对照组,且随雷帕霉素浓度的增加而增高(P<0.05).结论:雷帕霉素可能通过抑制EC1细胞mTOR蛋白与mRNA的表达从而抑制EC1细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡.     

Acceptance and utilization of HIV testing among the youth: a cross-sectional study in Techiman,Ghana

BackgroundIn Ghana, efforts including ‘Know Your Status’ campaign have been made to increase awareness and improve the uptake of HIV screening.ObjectiveThis study examined the acceptance and utilization of the HIV/AIDS ‘Know Your Status’ campaign and determine dthe differences in HIV testing by demographic characteristics among the youth in Techiman, Ghana.MethodThis study was a cross-sectional study conducted among the youth aged 15–24 years. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 purposively selected respondents.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 19.6±2.72 years. There was a universal awareness (100%) of HIV/AIDs, and were knowledgeable about the mode of transmission, symptoms and the prevention of HIV. A high proportion of the respondents (n=161, 80.5%) had heard about the ‘Know Your Status’ (KYS) campaign. Less than half of respondents (n=91, 45.5%) had tested for HIV, and only 16.5% (n=15/91) of respondents tested through the KYS campaign. Testing for HIV was associated with age (p<0.001) and marital status (p<0.001).ConclusionThe youth should therefore be targeted in the awareness and the ‘Know Your Status campaigns’, and in an effortsto promote screening for HIV.     

Transgenerational effects of infantile adversity and enrichment in male and female rats

To discover whether the accumulation of life's experiences, adverse and enriching, inform, and serve the following generation by inheritance we examine whether stress to a weanling female will influence her future offspring, whether prereproductive enrichment to the dam, or postweaning enrichment to the offspring, can reverse the transgenerational effects of stress, and whether, like adversity, enrichment might have transgenerational effects. Female rats were exposed to stressors when they were 27-29 days old. Half of these females and their controls were then raised in an enriched environment from weaning until mating at 60 days to examine whether preproduction enrichment reverses the effects of preproduction stress on offspring. Half of the offspring of each group were raised in an enriched environment after weaning, to see whether it reverses the effects of preproduction stress and buttresses prereproductive enrichment. Behavior was examined in 625 adult offspring in 16 groups covering all permutations of the experimental variables (preproduction weanling stress (PS), preproduction enrichment (PE), offspring enrichment (OE), sex). Exploration, avoidance learning, startle, and social interaction were tested. Results reveal that very early prereproductive experience in females, adverse or enriching, will transgenerationally influence their future offspring, depending on the behavior tested and sex. Our finding that enrichment, whether to the parent or offspring generation, can ameliorate the transgenerational impact of adversity, has novel implications for the malleability of transgenerational inheritance, and its individual, social, and therapeutic impact.     

西藏主要城市男男性行为人群HIV感染及高危行为状况调查

目的了解西藏地区主要城市男男性行为（MSM）人群HIV感染状况及性行为特征,为制订当地艾滋病预防控制措施提供理论依据。方法按照中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心制定的《男男性行为人群艾滋病综合防治试点现场工作手册》的要求,组织专业人员培训,现场问卷调查、采血,结果录入Epidata数据库统计分析。结果在西藏拉萨市、日喀则市调查MSM人群20人,HIV抗体检测阳性1人,阳性率为5%;性行为以男女双性恋为主,占80%;初次发生插入性性行为最小年龄为17岁（与女性）和18岁（与男性）。结论在西藏主要城市调查到的MSM人群中,HIV抗体阳性率较高,虽然艾滋病预防知识知晓率较高,但是无保护性行为仍较为常见,多性伴和双性性行为发生比例较高,并且对自身HIV感染状况的了解也不够重视,是今后艾滋病预防控制工作的重点人群。     

蓖麻蚕蛹生物反应器生产重组人表皮生长因子的研究

重组人表皮生长因子(rhEGF)已经广泛应用于医疗和化妆品。以杆状病毒AnpeNPV为基因表达载体,昆虫为生物反应器而建立的蛋白表达系统已获得成功。本文以人表皮生长因子(hEGF)基因替代柞蚕AnpeNPV中的核多角体基因而获得的AnpehEGF病毒为载体、蓖麻蚕蛹为生物反应器表达的rhEGF蛋白质,采用PCR、West-ern blot和ELISA等实验方法对其进行检测,硫酸铵沉淀和Ni-NTA Agrose亲和层析法对其进行分离纯化。实验结果显示,无论是在基因或是蛋白水平上都可检测到rhEGF的表达。AnpehEGF感染蚕蛹后第6d开始检测到rhEGF的表达量快速上升,第12d达到高峰,第3、6、9、12d的表达量分别为19.77、24.90、618.59、1 952.46ng/g,而到了病毒感染后期(第15d)出现了蛋白降解现象。表达的rhEGF通过分离纯化获得了较纯的产品。结果表明蓖麻蚕蛹作为生物反应器生产外源蛋白rhEGF是可行的,说明利用AnpeNPV和蓖麻蚕蛹可开发更加低成本而又高效的rhEGF生产新途径。     

抗一HCV阳性无病毒血症患者HCV特异性免疫反应研究

目的 研究抗ＨＣＶ阳性无病毒血症患者特异的体流及细胞免疫状态。方法 对１５例抗ＨＣＶ阳性无病毒血症患者,１５例慢性ＨＣＶ持续感染者及１５例正常对照者进行研究。通过ＭＴＴ、ＬＤＨ释放法、酶联免疫等方法观察患者外周Ｔ细胞反应、自然杀伤（ＮＫ）细胞活性、细胞因子分泌及特异性体液免疫反应。结果 无病毒血症者Ｔ细胞增殖反应明显大于持续感染者及对照组,并且Ｔ细胞对核心区抗原增殖最大,ＮＳ３次之,对ＮＳ５则无明     

我国基本药物生产流通使用中存在问题和成因分析

描述我国药品生产、流通和使用等各个环节中存在的问题，从政策层面上揭示了基本药物可获得性低的原因，提出政府应系统考虑基本药物目录范围、基本药物生产、供应、使用和价格等各个方面，形成国家基本药物政策，从制度上确保公众对基本药物的可获得性。     

内蒙古自治区智力残疾现患率调查及病因分析

目的:了解内蒙古自治区智力残疾(mental retardation.MR)的现患率及其分布特点,分析其主要致残原因构成特点,探讨预防治疗措施。方法:采用概率比例、多阶段分层整群抽样方法进行现况调查及病例对照研究,根据年龄分别使用丹佛发育筛查测验及《7岁以上人群残疾筛查问卷》筛查,分别使用Gesell发育诊断量表及韦氏儿童智力量表简式(WISC-CR),韦氏成人智力量表简式(WAIS-RC)进行智力诊断,采用SPSS11.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果:①内蒙古自治区智力残疾患者的现患率为4.95‰,男性MR现患率高于女性(χ2=6.28,df=1,P<0.05),农村MR的现患率明显高于城市(χ2=60.035,df=1,P<0.01)。②内蒙古自治区智力残疾致残原因以疾病(29.26%)和遗传因素(23.79%)为主。③在18岁之前(智力发育期)发现智力残疾的占74.53%,且以0~3岁发现智力残疾的人数比例最高(48.84%)。结论:智力残疾的防治重点应在农村,预防应以疾病(主要包括脑疾病、内分泌障碍、惊厥性疾病)及遗传因素为主。强调早期发现、早期干预。