留置导尿病人泌尿系感染的前瞻性调查

随着外伤性脊椎骨折伴截瘫病人的增多，泌尿系侵入性操作亦增多，从而导致医院泌尿系感染的比例不断增高。在医院泌尿系感染中，与导尿有关的菌尿症达37．3％～56．0％，是医院感染的主要危险因素。据报道，其感染途径主要为腔外途径（占66％）。主要环节是细菌在尿道口的污染和定植，细菌由尿道口入侵并黏附于尿路上皮及导管表面，与导管表面的黏液形成细菌性生物膜及导管包壳，并沿这种黏液膜上行引起膀胱内感染，导管表而的生物膜性包壳构成了保护细菌的天然屏障。阻碍了扰菌药物对细菌的作用，这是尉置导尿致泌尿系感染难以控制且易复发的一个重要因素。为此，我科对长期留置导尿病人在留置的不州阶段分别进行采样做尿培养及药敏试验。现将凋盎情况报告如下。     

The first case of Pseudallescheria boydii meningjitis in China — Electron microscopic study and antigenicity analysis of the agent

Summary Reported in this paper is the first case of isolation ofPseudalle-Scheria boydii from cerebral spinal fluid of a boy with meningitis in China. Morphology and culture were observed by light microscopy, electron scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, mycelium antigen prepared by SDS-PAGE was compared with that of the other strain of Scedosporium apiospermum. Both of the strains showed more than 40 peptide lines. Their molecular weight was very similar. On the CS-930 Dual-Wavelength TLC Scanner the peaks of both antigens showed to lie in nearly the same position. It could be concluded thatPseudallescheria boydii andScedosporium apiospermum belong to the same genus, but they are of different strains and reproductive phases.     

血清唾液酸对血液病临床价值的初步报告

报道64例各类血液病患血清唾液酸（SA）值的测定，并与84例健康对照组进行比较。结果经统计学分析：病例组（631．5±130．3μg/ml），病例组中的ANLL（672．6±98．38μg/ml），ALL（630．8±29．3μg/ml），CML－A（617．5±122．7μg/ml），MM（606．0±138．7μg/ml四组与对照组比较，差异有极显意义（P＜0．01）；各病型组SA阳性率明显高于健康对照组，表明SA值的测定对恶性血液病的诊断有一定的临床意义。     

Use of the abdominal aorta for arterial input function determination in hepatic and renal PET studies.

A method using the activity in the abdominal aorta of human and animal subjects to noninvasively estimate blood-pool input function in dynamic, abdominal PET scans is proposed and validated in this paper. Partial volume effects due to the aorta's dimensions are corrected by a semi-automated algorithm based on the transaxial resolution in the reconstructed images. The technique was validated by comparing PET measurements of abdominal aortic activity to well counter measurements of arterial blood samples (eight canine renal studies) and to PET measurements of left ventricular cavity activity (eight human hepatic studies). In renal studies, correlation analysis of the areas subtended by the two input functions yielded an essentially unitary slope (1.03 +/- 0.09), with high correlation (R2 greater than 0.95, p less than 0.001). In hepatic studies, similar values (0.99 +/- 0.03 and R2 greater than 0.85, p less than 0.001) were found. Correlation of the blood flow estimates based on the two input functions and a two-compartment model produced slopes of 1.07 +/- 0.16 and 1.03 +/- 0.07, and correlations of (R2 greater than 0.98, p less than 0.001) and (R2 greater than 0.97, p less than 0.001) for the renal and hepatic studies, respectively. We conclude that noninvasive, accurate measurements of the arterial input function by dynamic PET imaging are possible and represent a clinically viable alternative to arterial blood sampling.     

乳腺囊性增生病癌变过程中部分因素变化的意义

检测乳腺囊性增生病（ＦＣＤ）经不典型增生到癌变部分因素的变化。结果提示：从因明显ＦＣＤ症状活检至癌变为２～１０年；从Ⅱ级以上不典型增生到临床癌变需２～７年；癌变率为３．１％。ＦＣＤ患者存在性激素分泌调控失常，血浆雌激素和催乳素含量增加，导致上皮细胞增生。乳腺一般性增生细胞的ＤＮＡ含量和超微结构与正常乳腺上皮细胞相似；无肿瘤相关抗原及异常基因产物表达。而发生在一般性增生基础上的不典型增生则呈现细胞基因物质ＤＮＡ含量增加，部分为超４Ｃ的多倍体细胞；同时出现细胞膜和细胞核超微结构异常；雌激素受体含量增加，对性激素的依赖性和敏感性增强；部分不典型增生细胞出现胚胎性肿瘤相关抗原和异常基因产物表达。随不典型增生程度加重至乳腺癌，上述诸因素的变化趋势具有明显规律性。提示ＦＣＤ上皮细胞从一般性增生经不典型增生至乳腺癌为细胞生物学连续逐渐变化的过程。部分不典型增生细胞中具有癌倾向的细胞生物学行为异常和表型变化与乳腺癌发生密切相关。细胞核ＤＮＡ含量等异常变化及程度可作为乳腺癌前病变发展程度的客观标志     

Sex but no hand difference in the isthmus of the corpus callosum.

We performed high-resolution magnetic resonance morphometry of the total midsagittal area and seven midsagittal subareas of the corpus callosum in healthy young adult dextrals and sinistrals (N = 52). There was no influence of handedness on these anatomic measurements. However, an effect of sex emerged, with women (N = 26) having a larger proportional isthmus segment of the callosum. This may reflect a sex-specific difference in the interhemispheric connectivity and functional organization of the temporoparietal association cortex.     

Single-scan Bayes estimation of cerebral glucose metabolic rate: comparison with non-Bayes single-scan methods using FDG PET scans in stroke

Three single-scan (SS) methods are currently available for estimating the local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (LCMRG) from F-18 deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan data: SS(SPH), named for Sokoloff, Phelps, and Huang; SS(B), named for Brooks; and SS(H), named for Hutchins and Holden et al. All three of these SS methods make use of prior information in the form of mean values of rate constants from the normal population. We have developed a Bayes estimation (BE) method that uses prior information in the form of rate constant means, variances, and correlations in both the normal and ischemic tissue populations. The BE method selects, based only on the data, whether the LCMRG estimate should be computed using prior information from normal or ischemic tissue. The ability of BE to make this selection gives it an advantage over the other methods. The BE method can be used as a SS method or can use any number of PET scans. We conducted Monte Carlo studies comparing BE as a SS method with the other SS methods, all using a single scan at 60 min. We found SS(H) to be strongly superior to SS(SPH) and SS(B), and we found BE to be definitely superior to SS(H).     

Hepatic pseudotumor in long-standing biliary atresia patients undergoing liver transplantation.

A pseudotumor, giant regenerative nodule, or macroregenerative nodule is an unusual benign hepatic lesion in biliary atresia (BA) patients. This tumor may mimic malignant transformation and may preclude liver transplantation (LT). The clinical and imaging surveillance of patients after the Kasai procedure is therefore an important aspect of management of BA patients. Our objective is to report our experience and describe the incidence, imaging, and pathologic features of pseudotumors in BA patients awaiting LT. From August 1990 to December 2006, 133 LTs for BA were performed. Five (3.8%; 4 female, 1 male) patients were diagnosed with pseudotumor. The patients' records were reviewed. The diagnostic imaging modalities used were abdominal ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Histologic confirmation of the lesions was obtained in all cases. All underwent the Kasai operation in early infancy. Six of 7 lesions in 4 of 5 patients were demonstrated by pretransplant imaging. Two of 7 tumors were detected by US. Five of 7 lesions were detected by CT, and 5 of 7 lesions were demonstrated by MRI. In 1 patient, the lesion was not seen in the US, CT, or MRI but was found during surgery and confirmed by histology. An additional tumor was found incidentally during histologic examination in a patient previously diagnosed to have 2 tumors by CT and MRI. In another patient diagnosed to have 2 tumors on imaging, pathology revealed only a single tumor. In conclusion, although unusual, pseudotumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of liver masses in BA children.     

Lack of evidence for fecal-oral transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection in Taiwanese.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Helicobacter pylori infection is primarily acquired in early childhood and its transmission routes are debated. The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Taiwanese and to investigate whether a common mode of transmission could be shared between H. pylori and hepatitis A virus (HAV). METHODS: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori among 924 healthy volunteers aged less than 40 years, and radioimmunoassay for HAV infection was conducted in 500 subjects from the same population. The kappa statistic was used to measure the difference in positivity for the 2 infections in a subgroup of 500 subjects who had their sera simultaneously tested for anti-H. pylori and anti-HAV antibodies. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of anti-H. pylori IgG was 16.7% in subjects aged < 16 years and 38.3% at ages >or= 16 years. Most children (99%) under the age of 16 were seronegative for HAV. The prevalence of H. pylori infection increased rapidly with age, at 1%/year and 0.8%/year for children and adults, respectively. The rate of H. pylori infection was higher in male (21%) than in female (12%) children (p < 0.01; OR, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.0). No significant difference in seroprevalence between genders was noted in subjects aged >or= 16 years. The agreement in the trend of seropositivity between both infections in the age groups 1 to 10 years and 10 to 20 years was worse than chance (kappa = -0.56) and little better than chance (kappa = 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Acquisition of H. pylori infection occurs at a young age, and male children are more likely to develop the infection. The main transmission route of HAV, the fecal-oral route, did not seem to be responsible for H. pylori transmission in this Taiwanese cohort.