壮医针法术语英译的探讨

通过收集整理壮医药文献中的针法中文术语,在辩证结合中医药术语英译标准化研究成果的基础上探索适用的英译原则和方法,并将其应用到壮医针法的英译实践中,同时按其术语分类对相关英译及策略进行探讨分析,参考借鉴中医传统针法的术语英译,或在充分理解壮医针法内涵的基础上,根据术语结构特性灵活分别或结合采用直译、意译和音译.     

Rare coexistence of invasive papillary carcinoma with infiltrating ductal carcinoma in male breast: report of a case

Invasive papillary breast carcinoma is a subtype of breast cancer that is more frequent in males. An intraductal carcinoma can coexist with it but association of an infiltrating carcinoma has not been described. This report presents a rare case of a 35-year-old man with dual malignancy in the same breast. The patient had two separate nodules, one with the morphology of invasive papillary carcinoma and the other having features of an infiltrating ductal carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report describing the coexistence of these two entities.     

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Assam

Aims:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a serious problem in intensive care units, because of development of multiresistance, and also intrinsic resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of MRSA and their rate of resistance to different antistaphylococcal antibiotics.

Materials and Methods:

Between January 2007 and February 2008, the clinical specimens submitted at the microbiology laboratory were processed and all S. aureus isolates were included in this study. All isolates were identified morphologically and biochemically by standard laboratory procedures and antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.

Results:

Methicillin resistance was observed in 34.78% of isolates, of which 37.5% were found to be resistant to all commonly used antibiotics. In MRSA isolates, 50% had constitutive resistance, 9.38% had inducible MLS_B resistance and 18.75% had MS phenotype.

Conclusions:

There is a progressive increase in MRSA prevalence in the country but the present rate is still low in comparison to values found in some other institutes. The rate of inducible MLS_B resistance was also lower in comparison with findings from other parts of the country.     

Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of an Aggressive Regimen in India

A total of 42 adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with an aggressive induction/consolidation chemotherapy (MCP-841) between June 1986 and December 1991. 32 patients (76.19%) achieved complete remission at the end of induction. There were 9 induction deaths, 6 of them due to infection. All patients received cranial irradiation in the dose of 20 Gy and intrathecal methotrexate for CNS prophylaxis. Twelve patients relapsed, 10 in the bone marrow, one case had isolated CNS relapse and the other relapsed in the bone marrow and CNS. The actuarial overall survival of all patients at the end of 5 years was 41.94%. Patient characteristics including age, sex, FAB morphology, phenotype, WBC count, platelet count and LDH did not influence survival significantly.     

Survival of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of Therapy at Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, India

The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcome of patients who completed therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to study the role of an aggressive induction regimen in preventing post therapy relapses. Four hundred and twenty-two patients with ALL who completed therapy during the period 1975-1991 were followed. Two hundred and sixty patients received the aggressive MCP 841 protocol and 162 patients received various other less aggressive treatment regimens. Patients were followed with periodic examination and complete blood counts. The incidence of post therapy relapse was 27% in the less aggressive protocols and 15% in the MCP 841 protocol (p = 0.001). An higher percentage of relapses was seen in males (p = 0.05) and 89% relapses occurred within two years of stopping therapy. The relapse rate after 5 years of cessation of therapy was 0.59%. In conclusion, aggressive induction therapy is the most crucial factor in predicting relapses following cessation of therapy in ALL patients. However, relapses are unlikely to occur five years post therapy.     

Image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of deep-seated enlarged lymph nodes

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of deep-seated lymph nodes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Image-guided FNACs were performed on 242 patients of deep-seated lymph nodes which included thoracic, retroperitoneal and abdominal nodes. A sterile 3.5/5-MHz micro convex sector probe was used for localisation of the node. The FNAC was performed using a 0.7- to 0.9-mm needle with the stylet removed and attached to a 20-ml syringe and FNAC handle after the needle was visualised in the lesion. For each case a minimum of 4-5 smears were made, and two observers without bias interpreted the smears. RESULTS: A total of 242 patients were aspirated, of which 216 (90%) aspirations were US-guided and the remaining 26 (10%) were CT-guided. Adequate material for cytologic diagnosis was obtained in 208 (86%) patients with a similar diagnostic accuracy. The aspirate material was non-representative or scanty in 34 (14%) patients. The most common cytological diagnosis was tuberculosis/consistent with tuberculosis seen in 108 (45%) patients followed by metastasis (17%) and reactive hyperplasia (10%). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was diagnosed in 22 (9%) patients. All patients were briefly followed for a period of 1 1/2 to 2 years (mean 1 year). CONCLUSION: Image-guided FNAC has a pivotal role, and is a cost-effective tool for establishing tissue diagnosis as a primary investigative modality. It is also helpful and accurate in follow-up of patients with a known malignant disease, thereby avoiding surgical intervention.     

Surgical removal of idiopathic epiretinal membrane with or without the assistance of indocyanine green: a randomised controlled clinical trial

Purpose To carry out a prospective investigation of the functional and morphological outcome of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (IEM) surgery with or without the assistance of indocyanine green (ICG) in a randomised controlled clinical trial. Methods Sixty patients who underwent vitrectomy with removal of IEM combined with cataract surgery were randomly allocated to two groups: 27 patients were operated on with ICG 0.1% in glucose 5%, 33 patients without ICG. Functional outcome was assessed 3-4 months postoperatively with improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Amsler grid test, and automated and kinetic perimetry. Postoperative residual or recurrent IEM was assessed with bio-microscopy, and macular oedema with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Improvement in BCVA was the main outcome measure. Results BCVA improved in 49 patients, remained unchanged in five and decreased in five. Improvement in BCVA and reduction of macular oedema were statistically significant within both groups (P < 0.01). Improvement in BCVA was not statistically significantly different whether ICG was used or not [0.17 (logarithm of minimum angle of resolution; logMAR) with ICG and 0.24 (logMAR) without ICG] (P = 0.59). There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative or postoperative BCVA, reduction of macular oedema, postoperative Amsler grid test, or incidence of residual or recurrent IEM between the two groups. Visual field defects were detected in two patients operated on with ICG. Conclusions Removal of IEM with or without the assistance of ICG equally improved visual function and macular morphology. This study has been registered with , no.: NCT00376857. Presented in part at the 15th Meeting of Societas Ophthalmologica Europaea (SOE), Berlin, Germany, 25–29 September 2005, and at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA, 30 April–4 May 2006.