Emerging trends in sacubitril/valsartan research: A bibliometric analysis of the years 1995–2021

Background:Sacubitril/valsartan has been approved for the treatment of heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction; since then, it gradually became a new star drug in the therapy of HF. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan remains under investigation. Thus far, only a few bibliometric studies have systematically analyzed the application of sacubitril/valsartan.Methods:Publications on sacubitril/valsartan were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on April 29, 2021. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 (Redmond, WA), VOS viewer (Redmond, WA), and Cite Space V (Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA).Results:A total of 1309 publications on sacubitril/valsartan published from 1995 to 2021 were retrieved. The number of publications regarding sacubitril/valsartan increased sharply in the last 6 years (2015–2021), and American scholars authored >40% of those publications. Most were published in the European Journal of Heart Failure, the United States was the bellwether with a solid academic reputation in this area. Solomon published the highest number of related articles and was the most frequently cited author. “Heart failure” was the leading research hotspot. The keywords, “inflammation,” “fibrosis,” and “oxidative stress” appeared most recently as research fronts.Conclusions:Research attention should be focused on clinical trial outcomes. Considering its effectiveness in HF, the mechanisms and further applications of sacubitril/valsartan may become research hotspots in the future and should be closely examined.     

Effects of electroacupuncture on hippocampal and cortical apoptosis in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on hippocampal and cortical apoptosis in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods: Mouse models established by repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,followed by electroacupuncture at Shenshu,Geshu,and Baihui points.The control group mice were intragastrically administered Hydergine.On day 1 and 7 post-treatment,hippocampal and cortical apoptosis was detected by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL),and apoptosis images in the hippocampal CA1 zone and cortical area were analyzed.Results: In the model group,apoptotic cells were detected one day after treatment and some cellular fibers were disarrayed.By day 7 post-treatment,there was an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the hippocampal CA1 region.In addition,there were apoptotic cells in the cortical area,the cortical Jayers were thinner with localized neuronal loss and sieve-like lymphocyte infiltration,as well as glial cell proliferation and visible infarct lesions.However,in the Hydergine and electroacupuncture groups,there was a small number of apoptotic cells.At 7 days post-treatment in the model group,field number,numerical density on area,and surface density were increased.However,in the Hydergine and electroacupuncture groups these parameters were decreased (P＜0.01),with a significant difference between the two treatment groups (P＜0.01).Conclusion: Electroacupuncture treatment inhibited apoptosis and provided neuroprotection.     

慢性粒细胞白血病端粒酶的相关研究

目的：对慢性粒细胞白血病端粒酶进行研究,采用 PCR －ELISA 半定量法测定端粒酶活性,同时观察端粒酶活性变化的相关性。方法：选取15例慢性粒细胞白血病患者骨髓标本和15例正常骨髓（取自非肿瘤病人需行骨髓检查者）样本分为慢性粒细胞白血病组（CML 组）和正常对照组,采用 PCR －ELISA 法来测定CML 组和正常对照组的端粒酶活性。结果：正常对照组端粒酶具有微弱的活性,而 CML 组则具有较强的活性,且端粒酶活性 CML 组高于正常对照组,两者差异性非常显著。其中,CML 组男性与女性组间端粒酶活性差异无统计学意义。结论：正常组端粒酶具有微弱的活性,而 CML 组则具有较强的活性。端粒酶活性可能反映了一个高度增生的状态,是一种新的肿瘤标记物,与肿瘤发生密切相关。     

Parasitic loranthus from Loranthaceae rather than Viscaceae potently inhibits fatty acid synthase and reduces body weight in mice

AIM OF THE STUDY: Our previous results have shown one species of parasitic loranthus (Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Dancer) exhibits potent inhibition on fatty acid synthase (FAS) that is proposed to be a potential therapeutic target for treatment of obesity. However, the medicinal parasitic loranthus come from tens of plants of two families, the Loranthaceae and the Viscaceae. This study was carried out to figure out whether these parasitic loranthus from the two families have similar inhibitory ability on FAS, and whether the parasitic loranthus with potent inhibitory ability on FAS significantly reduce body weight of animal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CD-1 mice were used to test the effects of samples on their body weight and food intake in 20 days. The reversible and irreversible inhibition on FAS was assayed to study the inhibitory ability of sixteen different medicinal plants from these two families, which were collected in nature. RESULTS: The reversible inhibitory ability of the extracts from the Loranthaceae was nearly 400-fold stronger than that from the Viscaceae. The species from the genus Taxillus Tieghem showed the best effect on FAS in both reversible and irreversible inhibition. Moreover, the difference in host plants did not affect markedly on the inhibitory ability of parasitic loranthus. The medicinal herb with high inhibitory ability on FAS significantly reduced the body weight and food intake of mice by oral administration. CONCLUSIONS: The medicinal herbs from the family Loranthaceae, rather than those from the family Viscaceae, should be suitable to apply as botanical sources of parasitic loranthus for weight control. The herbs from genus Taxillus Tieghem are the best.     

不完全型P450 17α酶缺乏症六例报道及分析

目的 探讨不完全型P45017α酶（17α羟化爵每／17,20裂解酶）缺乏症（17OHD）的临床特征、鉴别诊断和处理方法。方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院6例不完全型17OHD的临床特征,并通过文献复习讨论该病的发病机制和典型的临床特征。结果 6例中4例为46,XX不完全型17OHD患者,其临床特征包括女性表型、不同程度的乳房发育、阴毛少、月经稀发或继发闭经、反复发作的卵巢囊肿、性腺功能低下伴持续性血清孕酮和（或）17α羟孕酮水平升高、合并或不合并低钾性高血压;另2例为46,XY不完全型17OHD患者,伴有不同程度的外生殖器性别不清和低钾性高血压。结论 不完全型17OHD是一种极为罕见的先天性甾体合成酶缺乏,临床上出现月经异常、性发育幼稚、反复发作的卵巢囊肿或外生殖器性别不清时应考虑此病。     

Tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphangiogenic growth factors

Recent studies have revealed that malignant tumors can actively induce the formation of new lymphatic vessels and metastasize through the lymphatic system. Tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis driven by tumors expressed lymphangiogenic growth factors such as VEGF family, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) is correlated with lymph node metastasis in experimental cancer models and in several types of human cancers. Tumor- induced lymphangiogenesis has now been firmly established as a novel mechanism for cancer progression and lymph node metastasis. Recent studies indicate that blockade of the lymphangiogenic growth factors pathway inhibits tumor spread to lymph nodes and likely beyond. The potential effects of most of these newly identified lymphatic growth factors on tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis remain to be further investigated. A number of questions remain to be answered concerning the potential efficacy of targeting at tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis for inhibiting tumor spread to lymph nodes.     

巴曲酶、尿激酶联合应用对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠颅内出血的影响

目的 探讨巴曲酶和尿激酶联合使用能否减少颅内出血并发症。方法 采用大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)线栓法模型,将大鼠随机分为对照组、假手术组、单独或联合使用巴曲酶和尿激酶组,共9组,每组15只。观察颅内出血、脑梗塞体积和神经功能缺损情况。结果 尿激酶5000U／kg组有5只颅内出血。巴曲酶5BU／kg(2h) 尿激酶5000U／kg(2h)组有4只颅内出血,巴曲酶5BU／kg(1h) 尿激酶5000U／kg(2h)组有1只颅内出血。巴曲酶5BU／kg(2h)组、巴曲酶10BU／kg(2h) 尿激酶2500U／kg(2h)组可缩小梗塞体积比。各组神经功能缺损无明显差异。结论 5000U／kg尿激酶造成颅内出血增加。单独使用巴曲酶颅内出血不增加,巴曲酶和尿激酶联合应用不增加颅内出血。     

临床医学博士专业学位与专科医师规范化培训衔接

毕业后医学教育包括研究生教育和住院/专科医师规范化培训,临床医学专业学位博士和专科医师规范化培训作为两种重要的毕业后医学教育,对医学人才的培养起着承上启下的作用.从临床医师培养规律、临床能力培养目标、制度保障以及试点经验等方面,阐述临床医学博士专业学位与专科医师规范化培训衔接的可行性,探讨可能出现的问题,并提出相应的建议,为完善我国毕业后医学教育提供依据.     

Study on Corrosion Resistance and Conductivity of TiMoN Coatings with Different Mo Contents under Simulated PEMFC Cathode Environment

TiMoN coatings with different Mo contents on a SS316L substrate are deposited by using closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering ion plating (CFUMSIP) technology to enhance the corrosion resistance and durability of stainless steel (SS) bipolar plates (BPs) in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) during the start-up/shut-down process. The electrochemical test results illustrate that TiMoN-4A coating has extremely good corrosion resistance compared to other coatings. The potentiostat polarization (+0.6 V_SCE) tests indicate that the corrosion current density (I_corr) of TiMoN-4A coating is 5.22 × 10⁻⁷A cm⁻², which meets the department of energy 2020 targets (DOE, ≤1 × 10⁻⁶ A cm⁻²). Otherwise, TiMoN-4A coating also exhibits the best corrosion resistance and stability in potentiostatic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and high potential (+1.2V_SCE) polarization tests. The interfacial contact resistance (ICR) measurement results show that TiMoN-4A coating has the minimum ICR of 9.19 mΩ·cm², which meets the DOE 2020 targets (≤10 mΩ·cm²).     

Restirring and Reheating Effects on Microstructural Evolution of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloy during Underwater Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing

Friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) can be potentially used for fabricating high-performance components owing to its advantages of solid-state processing. However, the inhomogeneous microstructures and mechanical properties of the build attributed to the complex process involving restirring and reheating deserve attention. This study is based on the previous research of the underwater FSAMed 7A04 aluminum alloy and adopts a quasi in situ experimental method, i.e., after each pass of the underwater FSAM, samples were taken from the build for microstructural observation to investigate the restirring and reheating effects on microstructural evolution during the underwater FSAM. Fine-grain microstructures were formed in the stir zone during the single-pass underwater FSAM. After restirring, the grain size at the bottom of the overlapping region decreased from 1.97 to 0.87 μm, the recrystallization degree reduced from 74.0% to 29.8%, and the initial random texture transformed into a strong shear texture composed of the C {110}<11¯0>. After reheating, static recrystallization occurred in the regions close to the new additive zones, increasing the grain size and recrystallization degree. This study not only revealed the microstructural evolution during the underwater FSAM but also provided a guideline for further optimization of the mechanical properties of the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy build.