Endurance running acutely raises plasma osteoprotegerin and lowers plasma receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand

Abstract The balance of the 2 cytokines, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (soluble (s)RANKL), is known to have considerable influence on bone formation and degradation. Plasma concentrations of OPG and (s)RANKL were determined in a total of 31 long-distance runners before and immediately after running distances of either 15 or 42.195 km, respectively. In both groups of endurance runners, a significant decrease of sRANKL was observed during the run, the extent of which correlated to the running distance. Furthermore, OPG increased only in runners covering the marathon distance of 42.195 km. We hypothesize that the known positive effect of long-distance running on the skeletal mass may be mediated by the OPG/sRANKL system.     

Ocular Syphilis: a Clinical Review

While ocular syphilis is not a new phenomenon, recent increased rates of new diagnoses, especially in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and men who have sex with men, have sparked a new interest in an old disease. This article will review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular syphilis, and provide guidance on management.     

Blood Transfusion in Elderly Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Data from the RICO Survey

Background

Red blood cell transfusion benefit during acute myocardial infarction remains unclear in the elderly. We aimed to assess the transfusion impact on 1-year mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients aged ≥65 years, according to their age and hemoglobin nadir.