Anatomical bases for the puncture and injection of the shoulder joint

Summary Basing our study on serial cuts and dissections, we have analysed the various techniques for puncture and injection in the region of the shoulder, the scapulohumeral and acromioclavicular joints, the subdeltoid bursa, the peri-articular muscles and tendons and the suprascapular nerve.

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Bases anatomiques des ponctions et injections de l'épaule

Résumé A partir de coupes sériées et de dissections les auteurs étudient les différentes techniques de ponctions et injections pratiquées au niveau de la région de l'épaule, articulations scapulo-humérale et acromio-claviculaire, bourse sous-deltoïdienne, tendons des muscles péri-articulaires et nerf sus-scapulaire.

     

Impact of Breast Density on Computer-Aided Detection in Full-Field Digital Mammography

The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system in full-field digital mammography (Senographe 2000D, General Electric, Buc, France) in finding out carcinomas depending on the parenchymal density. A total of 226 mediolateral oblique (MLO) and 186 craniocaudal (CC) mammographic views of histologically proven cancers were retrospectively evaluated with a digital CAD system (ImageChecker V2.3 R2 Technology, Los Altos, CA, USA). Malignant tumors were detected correctly by CAD in MLO view in 84.85% in breasts with parenchymal tissue density of the American College of Radiology (ACR) type 1, in 70.33% of the ACR type 2, in 68.12% of the ACR type 3, and in 69.70% of the ACR type 4. For the CC view, similar results were found according to the ACR types. Using the chi-square and McNemar tests, there was no statistical significance. However, a trend of better detection could be seen with decreasing ACR type. In conclusion, there seems to be a tendency for breast tissue density to affect the detection rate of breast cancer when using the CAD system.     

Increased responsiveness to histamine after propranolol in subjects with asthma nonresponsive to the bronchoconstrictive effect of propranolol

Eight nonsmoking subjects with asthma, nonresponsive to the bronchoconstrictive effect of oral propranolol, were studied. The airway response to increasing concentrations of histamine aerosol was assessed by measuring FEV1. The threshold provocative dose of histamine needed to cause a 20% fall in starting FEV1 (PD20) was measured by log dose-response curve. Histamine challenge was performed in duplicate after premedication with placebo or 40 mg of propranolol on separate days. The mean starting FEV1 did not change significantly after placebo and after propranolol administration. The mean PD20 values after propranolol (0.37 mg/ml and 0.32 mg/ml, respectively, for the first and the second challenge) were significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than mean control PD20 values (1.36 mg/ml and 1.48 mg/ml, respectively, for the first and the second challenge). These results indicate that propranolol increases airway responsiveness to histamine, even in those subjects with asthma in whom propranolol has little bronchoconstrictive effect.     

Localization of Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Its Receptor met in Endocrine Cells and Related Tumors of the Gut and Pancreas: An Immunohistochemical Study

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a stimulator of angiogenesis and cell migration, regulates the growth of a wide variety of cells by binding to its high-affinity receptor met and is involved in the growth and aggressiveness of several tumors. In this study we investigated the expression of HGF and met in normal endocrine cells and related neoplasms of the gut and pancreas to verify their possible role in tumor pathogenesis, growth, and aggressiveness. Normal tissues and 60 different endocrine tumors were immunostained using specific antibodies directed against HGF, met, and various hormones. HGF immunoreactivity (IR) was found in antroduodenal G cells, rectal enterochromaffin (EC) cells, and pancreatic A and B cells, whereas met IR was detected in antral EC and G cells, and in pancreatic B cells; 46 of 60 tumors examined were positive for HGF, and they were mainly represented by ECL-, EC-, and L-cell neoplasms. met IR was identified in 50/60 tumors of various phenotypes. HGF and met coexpression was found in 42/60 cases, most of which were represented by EC-cell tumors. HGF/met coexpression was significantly more frequent in ileolonic EC-cell tumors, which in the majority of cases were malignant, than in appendiceal EC-cell tumors, which were all benign. Our results demonstrated, for the first time, that HGF and met are specifically distributed in normal gut and pancreatic endocrine cells and, in addition, suggest that HGF and met may be implicated as autocrine/paracrine factors regulating the growth of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors, mainly of ileocolonic EC-cell carcinoids.