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51.
A self-administered, disease-specific form of health status instrument for patients with COPD is not available in America. The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) is a successful measure in Great Britain and Europe that meets these requirements, but syntax and colloquial differences make an American version necessary.
OBJECTIVE: To test the validity and reliability of an American translation (ATSGRQ) of the SGRQ.
METHODS: Two bilingual health professionals independently translated the SGRQ based on summarized input from panels of American COPD patients and American respiratory professionals. Consensus was reached on the translated version and then back-translated by two other bilingual health professionals. To establish reliability, the ATSGRQ was given to COPD patients at the beginning of a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) and repeated 1 week later. To establish validity, the ATSGRQ was used with pulmonary function tests, the Medical Research Council's dyspnea scale (DYS), 6-minute walk (6MW), and Short Form Health Status Profile-36 (SF-36) at the beginning and end of PRP for 24 COPD patients.
RESULTS: The patients were mean age 70 yr, 40% male, mean FEV1 = 0.95. The ATSGRQ Cronbach's alpha for overall scale and symptom, activity, and impact components was respectively .87, .65, .79, .80. Test-retest correlations were .70, .60, .72, .64, respectively. Baseline correlations between total ATSGRQ and FEV1, DYS, 6MW, and SF-36 physical and mental health component scores were −.43, 54, .56, −.76, −.62. From initial to post-PRP, the symptom ATSGRQ decreased 12.6% (p = .004); DYS decreased 10.6% (p = .043).
CONCLUSION: Based on these preliminary data, the ATSGRQ appears to be a valid, reliable health status instrument for use in an American COPD population. 相似文献
OBJECTIVE: To test the validity and reliability of an American translation (ATSGRQ) of the SGRQ.
METHODS: Two bilingual health professionals independently translated the SGRQ based on summarized input from panels of American COPD patients and American respiratory professionals. Consensus was reached on the translated version and then back-translated by two other bilingual health professionals. To establish reliability, the ATSGRQ was given to COPD patients at the beginning of a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) and repeated 1 week later. To establish validity, the ATSGRQ was used with pulmonary function tests, the Medical Research Council's dyspnea scale (DYS), 6-minute walk (6MW), and Short Form Health Status Profile-36 (SF-36) at the beginning and end of PRP for 24 COPD patients.
RESULTS: The patients were mean age 70 yr, 40% male, mean FEV1 = 0.95. The ATSGRQ Cronbach's alpha for overall scale and symptom, activity, and impact components was respectively .87, .65, .79, .80. Test-retest correlations were .70, .60, .72, .64, respectively. Baseline correlations between total ATSGRQ and FEV1, DYS, 6MW, and SF-36 physical and mental health component scores were −.43, 54, .56, −.76, −.62. From initial to post-PRP, the symptom ATSGRQ decreased 12.6% (p = .004); DYS decreased 10.6% (p = .043).
CONCLUSION: Based on these preliminary data, the ATSGRQ appears to be a valid, reliable health status instrument for use in an American COPD population. 相似文献
52.
53.
54.
Patient satisfaction with the management of infertility 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:5
Souter VL; Penney G; Hopton JL; Templeton AA 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(7):1831-1836
The objective of this study was to assess patient satisfaction with the
investigation and initial management of infertility. A postal questionnaire
survey was carried out of 1366 women attending outpatient clinics for the
investigation and initial management of infertility at 12 hospitals
throughout Scotland. The response rate to the questionnaire was 59%
(806/1366). Overall, 87% of responders were satisfied or very satisfied
with their care but a number of deficiencies were identified. Thirty-nine
per cent had never been asked to bring their partner to the clinic and 86%
felt they had not been given enough help with the emotional aspects of
infertility. Forty- seven per cent felt they were not given a clear plan
for the future and 23% of those who had been given drug treatments reported
receiving little or no information about the treatment or possible
side-effects. Overall, only a third had been given any written information
and 78% expressed a wish for more written information. Women ranked 'the
information and explanation given' and the 'attitude of the doctor at the
clinic' highly in comparison to other aspects of their care, including
'help with the emotional aspects of infertility'. In general women were
satisfied with their care but improvements may be made by giving more
explanation and written information and by adopting a more couple-centred
approach. Where resources allow, clinics should take steps to address the
emotional aspects of infertility.
相似文献
55.
Thrombospondin promotes platelet aggregation 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
Thrombospondin (TSP), isolated from human platelets, promotes aggregation of both nonstimulated platelets and platelets stimulated with thrombin or ADP. The TSP-promoted aggregation is specific since a monoclonal antibody against TSP inhibits the effect of exogenously added TSP and inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in the absence of added TSP. Several lines of evidence suggest that TSP mediates its effect on aggregation of nonstimulated and stimulated platelets through different platelet-surface receptor systems. The TSP- promoted aggregation of nonstimulated platelets was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to platelet glycoprotein IV (GPIV), but not by a monoclonal antibody to the fibrinogen receptor, GPIIb-IIIa. In contrast, the antibody to GPIIb-IIIa totally inhibited the TSP- potentiated aggregation of thrombin-stimulated platelets, whereas the antibody to GPIV has no effect. Thus, these studies suggest that TSP promotes platelet aggregation by at least two mechanisms--one dependent on and one independent of the platelet fibrinogen receptor system. 相似文献
56.
Souliotis VL; van Delft JH; Steenwinkel MJ; Baan RA; Kyrtopoulos SA 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(5):731-739
Groups of lambda lacZ transgenic mice were treated i.p. with N-
nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as single doses of 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg or as 10
daily doses of 1 mg/kg and changes in DNA N7- or O6-methylguanine or the
repair enzyme O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) were followed for
up to 14 days in various tissues. Adduct induction in the liver exceeded by
at least one order of magnitude than observed in the next nearest target
tissue (lung), and was approximately linearly related to dose, except for
O6-methylguanine after the first dose of 1 mg/kg which was lower than
expected. Substantial induction of lambda lacZ mutagenesis was observed
only in the liver, where the mutant frequency was already maximal within 7
days after 5 mg/kg NDMA and remained unchanged thereafter up to 49 days.
Small but marginally significant increases in mutant frequency were
consistently observed in the spleen after all three modes of treatment. A
lack of proportionality between mutation induction and the administered
dose or the corresponding adduct levels was observed, probably reflecting
the importance of toxicity-related cell proliferation caused by NDMA at
higher doses. Twenty eight days after a dose of 10 mg/kg (causing a 3.6-
fold increase in mutant frequency), NDMA was found to increase the
frequency of GC-->AT mutations (with a concomitant shift of their
preferential location from CpG sites to GpG sites), which made up
approximately 60% of the induced mutations. Surprisingly, NDMA also caused
a significant increase in deletions of a few (up to 11) base- pairs (22%).
相似文献
57.
Rodrigues OR; Antonangelo L; Yagi N; Minamoto H; Schmidt Junior AF; Capelozzi VL; Goldenberg S; Saldiva PH 《Japanese journal of clinical oncology》1997,27(5):298-304
The expression of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was quantified in
paraffin sections of tumors and lymph node metastasis, by means of digital
image analysis, in 75 patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC). Patients were divided in two groups: early stage (stages I and II)
and advanced stage (stages IIIa, IIIb and IV). The prognostic significance
of AgNOR expression was tested by Cox regression analysis in models
controlled for age, sex, vital status, stage and histological type. Tumors
at early stages had a lower expression of AgNOR than those at more advanced
diseases. The mean values obtained for NORs in advanced disease were almost
the same as those in the primary tumors when compared with the
corresponding lymph node metastasis (r = 0.90; p < 0.01; linear
regression). The prognostic role of AgNOR was significant only for tumors
at stages I and II and not for advanced neoplasms (stages IIIa, IIIb and
IV). These results encourage the inclusion of AgNOR quantitation in routine
material, especially in early lung cancer.
相似文献
58.
59.
Airborne fiber size characterization in exposure estimation: Evaluation of a modified transmission electron microcopy protocol for asbestos and potential use for carbon nanotubes and nanofibers 下载免费PDF全文
60.
Posttransplant T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders--an aggressive, late complication of solid-organ transplantation 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Hanson MN; Morrison VA; Peterson BA; Stieglbauer KT; Kubic VL; McCormick SR; McGlennen RC; Manivel JC; Brunning RD; Litz CE 《Blood》1996,88(9):3626-3633
T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are an uncommon occurrence after solid- organ transplantation. We describe a morphologically and immunophenotypically distinct group of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders that occurred late in the course of six patients with solid- organ transplants. The patients ranged in age from 31 to 56 years (median, 43). Three were male; all were splenectomized. The interval from transplant to the diagnosis of lymphoma ranged from 4 to 26 years (median, 15). Symptoms at presentation were related to sites of involvement. Pulmonary, marrow, and CNS involvement were present in five, four, and one case, respectively. No patient had lymphadenopathy. Five patients had an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level (range, 226 to 4,880 IU/L; median, 1,220 IU/L). Five of six patients had a leukoerythroblastic reaction. All cases had large-cell histology and frequently contained cytoplasmic granules. Those cases tested expressed CD2, CD3, and CD8 and were negative for B-cell antigens. T-cell receptor beta- and gamma-chain genes were clonally rearranged in three of three and one of three cases, respectively. All T-cell posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (T-PTLDs) studied were negative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 2 (HTLV-2), and human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) genomes. Treatment with acyclovir (three patients) or chemotherapy (three patients) resulted in two responses. All patients had an aggressive course, with a median survival duration of 5 weeks. In conclusion, a clinically aggressive T- PTLD may be a late complication of solid-organ transplantation and does not appear to be related to EBV, HTLV-1, HTLV-2, or HHV-8 infection. 相似文献