骨髓移植术后急性肠道移植物抗宿主病内镜及病理学诊断研究

目的评价内镜和病理学诊断在急性肠道移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)中的作用。方法回顾性总结和分析2001—2005年北京大学人民医院血液病学研究所临床已确诊的23例急性肠道GVHD患者的内镜及病理学资料。结果内镜下表现可分为:黏膜大致正常、血管纹理模糊或消失、弥漫性黏膜充血、水肿和脆性增加,重者出现糜烂、溃疡,甚至黏膜脱落或出血;病理学表现提示:隐窝上皮细胞凋亡、缺失,隐窝结构破坏,上皮和黏膜固有层不同程度的淋巴细胞浸润。结论内镜和病理学检查可以用于急性肠道GVHD的诊断,尤其是内镜在急性肠道GVHD的早期诊断方面具有重要作用,同时结合病理学检查最终确立诊断。     

Spezifische Immuntherapie

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Thoraxtrauma

Chest injuries can be sustained in isolation or in association with multiple injuries. Life-threatening complications may ensue because organs that are vital to survival of the organism are situated within the thoracic cavity. These complications include airway obstruction, tension pneumothorax, wide open pneumothorax, flail chest, cardiac tamponade and massive hemothorax. The mortality of patients hospitalized with chest injury can be as high as 10%. Clinical examination and awareness of the possibility of other injuries (high level of suspicion) are essential, and standard chest X-ray, ultrasound and thoracic computed tomography may also be needed for the diagnosis. The first part of this serial paper on the management of chest injuries focuses on anatomical aspects, pathophysiology and symptoms, but mainly on the indications for the standard diagnostic procedures and further high-tech examinations.     

Voltammetric determination of blood angiotensin II level

A rapid procedure for determining angiotensin II in the blood by inverse voltammetry using a TA-2 device (Tekhnoanalit Company, Tomsk) with a graphite electrode has been developed. The results of analyses using the proposed technique agree with the clinical data. The rapid analytical procedure favors optimization of cardiotropic drug therapy. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 54–56, December, 2006.     

Role of birds of prey as carriers and spreaders of Cryptococcus neoformans and other zoonotic yeasts.

In the last 20 years, cases of human cryptococcosis, have increased in immunocompromised patients. In several instances, the cases have been associated with the exposure of the patients to bird droppings. In order to investigate birds of prey as potential carriers and spreaders of Cryptococcus neoformans and other yeasts of importance in human infections, 182 swab samples were collected from the cloacae of several species of birds of prey (Group I) and 32 faecal samples from aviaries in which the birds were housed (Group II). Samples were also taken from digestive tract of 60 dead birds (Group III). A total of 454 samples were cultured from which 215 colonies of yeastlike fungi were recovered and identified. Cryptococcusneoformans var. grubii was isolated from three cloacae samples (4.8%) collected from Falco tinnunculus and from one sample (3.1%) obtained from Buteo buteo, as well as from samples collected at the aviaries in which these birds were kept. Overall, 18 samples (9.9%) from Group I, 13 (40.6%) from Group II, 12 crops (20%), three proventriculi (5%) and 12 cloacae (20%) from Group III yielded positive cultures for yeasts. The results indicate that birds of prey and in particular, F. tinnunculus and B. buteo, may act as carriers and spreaders of C. neoformans and other zoonotic yeasts.