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排序方式: 共有694条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
Yuji Ueno Asami Saito Junichiro Nakata Koji Kamagata Daisuke Taniguchi Yumiko Motoi Hiroaki Io Christina Andica Atsuhiko Shindo Kenta Shiina Nobukazu Miyamoto Kazuo Yamashiro Takao Urabe Yusuke Suzuki Shigeki Aoki Nobutaka Hattori 《Nutrients》2021,13(4)
Although l-carnitine alleviated white-matter lesions in an experimental study, the treatment effects of l-carnitine on white-matter microstructural damage and cognitive decline in hemodialysis patients are unknown. Using novel diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) techniques, white-matter microstructural changes together with cognitive decline in hemodialysis patients and the effects of l-carnitine on such disorders were investigated. Fourteen hemodialysis patients underwent dMRI and laboratory and neuropsychological tests, which were compared across seven patients each in two groups according to duration of l-carnitine treatment: (1) no or short-term l-carnitine treatment (NSTLC), and (2) long-term l-carnitine treatment (LTLC). Ten age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Compared to controls, microstructural disorders of white matter were widely detected on dMRI of patients. An autopsy study of one patient in the NSTLC group showed rarefaction of myelinated fibers in white matter. With LTLC, microstructural damage on dMRI was alleviated along with lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and substantial increases in carnitine levels. The LTLC group showed better achievement on trail making test A, which was correlated with amelioration of disorders in some white-matter tracts. Novel dMRI tractography detected abnormalities of white-matter tracts after hemodialysis. Long-term treatment with l-carnitine might alleviate white-matter microstructural damage and cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients. 相似文献
63.
Satoshi Takahashi Koh Takeyama Yasuharu Kunishima Kohichi Takeda Nobukazu Suzuki Masahiro Nishimura Ryoji Furuya Taiji Tsukamoto 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2006,12(5):283-286
Almost all physicians involved in treating sexually transmitted infections recognize the specific clinical manifestations
of patients with urethritis. However, in previous studies, the diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis was based on cultures or
staining methods. In this study, we examined in detail the clinical manifestations of patients with urethritis diagnosed by
the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). A total of 154 patients with male urethritis were included in the study. The NAAT
could distinguish 64 patients with gonococcal urethritis, 45 patients with chlamydial urethritis, and 45 patients with nongonococcal
and nonchlamydial urethritis. Forty-three (67.2%) patients with gonococcal urethritis had more severe symptoms, i.e., moderate
or profuse urethral discharge, and cloudy or purulent discharge, than patients with chlamydial urethritis, nongonococcal and
nonchlamydial urethritis. There were 39 (86.7%) patients in the chlamydial urethritis group with mild symptoms, clear discharge
or none, and moderate or profuse discharge. Although the diagnosis of male urethritis can be performed by microbiological
examination, the typical symptoms help us to distinguish each type of urethritis and understand this kind of disease. 相似文献
64.
65.
Among 148 abdominal aortic aneurysm patients who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair at our institution, two cases of graft
limb occlusion (GLO) were identified and successfully treated with endovascular repair. Guidewire cannulation against the
occluded limb is the most important aspect of the procedure. After a thrombectomy, balloon dilatation is performed followed
by stent-graft deployment. Various procedures such as thrombectomy, thrombolysis, and extra-anatomical bypass have been adopted
for the treatment of GLO. Our use of endovascular techniques, including overlapping stent grafts, has some benefits, namely,
better patency of anatomical route revascularization, decreased risk of ipsilateral shower embolization due to the stent graft’s
sealing over the irregular remnant thrombus, and easy access to angioplasty for tortured iliac arteries. However, shower embolization
during catheter handling or future fabric failure due to friction is the potential complication associated with endovascular
techniques. Intravascular repair techniques and stentgraft use should therefore be an early step of the GLO treatment algorithm. 相似文献
66.
Yaginuma H Matsumura G Mori C Maeda T Araki N Noda Y Nakajima K Kawata M Okabe S;Working group for the future planning of the Japanese Association of Anatomists 《Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy》2011,86(2):39-44
The working group for the future planning of the Japanese Association of Anatomists (JAA) has been working to address the issues that were consulted from the president of JAA since October 2009. After making the interim report in March 2010, a public hearing for general members of the JAA was held and a final report was submitted to the President in January 2011. The report contains the analysis of the current situation, the directions in which we should proceed, and recommendations of concrete actions that JAA should take for each issue. The issues discussed were as follows: 1. Future prospects of anatomy and morphological sciences. How can we maintain the specialties of morphological and anatomical sciences in the rapidly advancing field of life sciences and develop collaborations with other fields? 2. Improvement of the JAA academic meetings. How can we increase JAA members and young participants in the academic meetings of the JAA? 3. Fostering the next generation of young researchers. How can we increase young researchers graduated from the schools of Medicine or Dentistry? 4. Future prospects of education of gross anatomy. Prospects of education in gross anatomy and the body donation registration system in relation with some new cadaver-related movements. 相似文献
67.
Ishizaka N Ishizaka Y Toda E Nagai R Yamakado M 《Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis》2007,14(2):72-77
AIM: We have investigated whether metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis also in normotensive or prehypertensive individuals. METHODS: We analyzed the data from 851 subjects who had a blood pressure of less than 140/90 mmHg and were not taking antihypertensive medication. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to three different criteria: Japan criteria (Japan-MetS); those of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)-Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) (NCEP-MetS); and modified NCEP-ATP III criteria in which body mass index was used as a surrogate for waist circumference (modified NCEP-MetS). RESULTS: Japan-MetS, NCEP-MetS, and modified NCEP-MetS were found, respectively, in 1%, 4%, and 4%, of women, and in 10%, 5%, and 9%, of men. After the adjustment for gender and age, the association between MetS and carotid atherosclerosis did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Although the number of enrolled subjects was relatively small, these data may further support the importance of controlling blood pressure within the optimal range for the purpose of preventing atherosclerosis in individuals with metabolic syndrome. 相似文献
68.
Nobukazu Kakui Fumikazu Yokoyama Koichi Kitamura Takeshi Inoue 《Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior》2009,92(3):393-398
Mirtazapine is an antidepressant with a unique mechanism of action and has been categorized as a Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressant (NaSSA). Although numerous clinical trials suggested the usefulness of mirtazapine for not only major depressive disorders but also a variety of anxiety disorders, efficacy studies in animal anxiety models have been rarely reported. The present study investigated a potential anxiolytic-like profile of mirtazapine in rat conditioned fear stress model. A 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 1A receptor partial agonist, buspirone (1-5 mg/kg) exhibited a significant reduction in freezing time, and its maximal effect was reversed by a selective 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY-100635 (1 mg/kg). Mirtazapine (1-10 mg/kg) also reduced the freezing time in a dose-related fashion, a substantial proportion (approx. 50%) of which was likewise antagonized by WAY-100635 (1 mg/kg). Mianserin (1-30 mg/kg), a structural analogue for mirtazapine, was ineffective. Furthermore, co-administration of α1 adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin (0.03 mg/kg) completely reversed mirtazapine (10 mg/kg)-induced reduction of freezing time. These findings represent the first demonstration that the anxiolytic-like action of mirtazapine involves activation of 5-HT1A receptor and α1 adrenoceptor to different extents, and are compatible with one aspect of mirtazapine's pharmacological profile as NaSSA. 相似文献
69.
Fumikazu Yokoyama Miki Yamauchi Masayo Oyama Kunihiro Okuma Kaname Onozawa Takako Nagayama Rie Shinei Makoto Ishikawa Yasuo Sato Nobukazu Kakui 《Psychopharmacology》2009,205(2):177-187
Rationale Histamine H3 receptor functions as a presynaptic auto- and hetero-receptor on histaminergic and non-histaminergic neurons
in the brain regulating the synaptic release of numerous neurotransmitters. Therefore, the ligands for this receptor have
been proposed to be of therapeutic interest for the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders. At present, however,
the psychopharmacological profiles of H3 ligands, particularly H3 agonists, have not been extensively studied.
Objective The present study investigated the anxiolytic-like profiles of H3-selective agonists in a variety of classical (benzodiazepine-sensitive)
and atypical (antidepressant-effective) animal models of anxiety. Comparator drugs used were diazepam and both fluvoxamine
and desipramine in the former and latter models, respectively.
Results H3 agonist R-α-methylhistamine and immepip were inactive in rat elevated plus maze test and Vogel type conflict test where diazepam (5 mg/kg)
produced significant anxiolytic-like effects. Meanwhile, these H3 agonists (10–30 mg/kg) significantly reduced isolation-induced
vocalizations in guinea pig pups and isolation-induced aggressive behavior in mouse resident–intruder test. Moreover, in rat
conditioned fear stress test, R-α-methylhistamine (30 mg/kg) and immepip (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased freezing time, which were completely reversed
by concomitant treatment with H3 antagonist, thioperamide (10 mg/kg). In contrast to the limited efficacy obtained with desipramine
(30 mg/kg), fluvoxamine (20–60 mg/kg) exhibited anxiolytic-like effects in all the latter three atypical models.
Conclusions These data suggest that the H3 agonists may have anxiolytic-like effects similar to those of selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors but not benzodiazepine anxiolytics and represent a novel strategy for the treatment of some anxiety disorders in
which selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are prescribed. 相似文献
70.
Serum albumin is a maker of nutritional status and possesses antioxidative properties. Here, we have sought to investigate the mode of association between serum albumin levels, metabolic syndrome, and carotid atherosclerosis by analyzing the data of the cross-sectional data from 8143 individuals who underwent general health screening test. After adjusting for age, total cholesterol, and smoking status, the highest quartile of serum albumin (>or=4.7 g/dL) was associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome with an odds ratio of 1.80 (95% CI 1.41-2.23, P<0.0001) in women, and 1.60 (95% CI 1.44-1.78, P<0.0001) in men, when compared to the lowest serum albumin quartile (<4.3g/dL). By contrast, when compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of serum albumin was associated with reduced prevalence of carotid plaque with an odds ratio of 0.62 (95% CI 0.42-0.91, P<0.001) in women, and 0.76 (95% CI 0.62-0.93, P<0.01) in men, and for carotid intima-media thickening with an odds ratio of 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.94, P<0.05) in women, and 0.71 (95% CI 0.55-0.92, P<0.01) in men. Our data showed that higher serum albumin was inversely associated with the prevalence of early carotid atherosclerosis, although it was positively associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Whether these observations are in part explained by the antioxidative properties of albumin requires further investigation. 相似文献