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81.
Maike van Huis Nikki J. Schoenmaker Jaap W. Groothoff Johanna H. van der Lee Maria van Dyk Marc Gewillig Linda Koster Ronald Tanke Marc Lilien Nico A. Blom Luc Mertens Irene M. Kuipers 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》2016,31(9):1499-1508
Background
Left ventricular dysfunction is an important co-morbidity of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is associated with a poor prognosis in the adult population. In pediatric ESRD, left ventricular function is generally well preserved, but limited information is available on early changes in myocardial function. The aim of this study was to investigate myocardial mechanics in pediatric patients with ESRD using speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE).Methods
Echocardiographic studies, including M-mode, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and STE, were performed in 19 children on dialysis, 17 transplant patients and 33 age-matched controls. Strain measurements were performed from the apical four-chamber and the short axis view, respectively.Results
The interventricular and left ventricular posterior wall thickness was significantly increased in dialysis and transplant patients compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were found in shortening fraction, ejection fraction and systolic tissue Doppler velocities. Dialysis and transplant patients had a decreased mean longitudinal strain compared to healthy controls, with a mean difference of 3.1 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.0–4.4] and 2.7 (95 % CI 1.2–4.2), respectively. No differences were found for radial and circumferential strain.Conclusions
Speckle-tracking echocardiography may reveal early myocardial dysfunction in the absence of systolic dysfunction measured by conventional ultrasound or TDI in children with ESRD.82.
83.
Murali Mahadevan FRACS Graeme van der Meer MBChB MMed Maayan Gruber MD Peter Reed DPhil Conor Jackson FRCS Colin Brown FRACS Nikki Mills FRACS Lesley J. Salkeld FRACS FRCSC Dip ABO Michel Neeff FRACS Jan Evans MBChB Brian Anderson PhD FANZCA FJFICM Colin Barber FRACS 《The Laryngoscope》2016,126(12):E416-E420
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Jason R. Stubbs John A. House A. Jacob Ocque Shiqin Zhang Cassandra Johnson Cassandra Kimber Kyle Schmidt Aditi Gupta James B. Wetmore Thomas D. Nolin John A. Spertus Alan S. Yu 《Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN》2016,27(1):305-313
Trimethlyamine-N-oxide (TMAO) was recently identified as a promoter of atherosclerosis. Patients with CKD exhibit accelerated development of atherosclerosis; however, no studies have explored the relationship between TMAO and atherosclerosis formation in this group. This study measured serum concentrations and urinary excretion of TMAO in a CKD cohort (n=104), identified the effect of renal transplant on serum TMAO concentration in a subset of these patients (n=6), and explored the cross-sectional relationship between serum TMAO and coronary atherosclerosis burden in a separate CKD cohort (n=220) undergoing coronary angiography. Additional exploratory analyses examined the relationship between baseline serum TMAO and long-term survival after coronary angiography. Serum TMAO concentrations demonstrated a strong inverse association with eGFR (r2=0.31, P<0.001). TMAO concentrations were markedly higher in patients receiving dialysis (median [interquartile range], 94.4 μM [54.8–133.0 μM] for dialysis-dependent patients versus 3.3 μM [3.1–6.0 μM] for healthy controls; P<0.001); whereas renal transplantation resulted in substantial reductions in TMAO concentrations (median [min–max] 71.2 μM [29.2–189.7 μM] pretransplant versus 11.4 μM [8.9–20.2 μM] post-transplant; P=0.03). TMAO concentration was an independent predictor for coronary atherosclerosis burden (P=0.02) and predicted long-term mortality independent of traditional cardiac risk factors (hazard ratio, 1.26 per 10 μM increment in TMAO concentration; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.40; P<0.001). In conclusion, serum TMAO concentrations substantially increase with decrements in kidney function, and this effect is reversed by renal transplantation. Increased TMAO concentrations correlate with coronary atherosclerosis burden and may associate with long-term mortality in patients with CKD undergoing coronary angiography. 相似文献
85.
Steven E. Gay Sally A. Santen Rajesh S. Mangrulkar Thomas H. Sisson Paula T. Ross Nikki L. Bibler Zaidi 《Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice》2018,23(1):151-158
Medical school admissions interviews are used to assess applicants’ nonacademic characteristics as advocated by the Association of American Medical Colleges’ Advancing Holistic Review Initiative. The objective of this study is to determine whether academic metrics continue to significantly influence interviewers’ scores in holistic processes by blinding interviewers to applicants’ undergraduate grade point averages (uGPA) and Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). This study examines academic and demographic predictors of interview scores for two applicant cohorts at the University of Michigan Medical School. In 2012, interviewers were provided applicants’ uGPA and MCAT scores; in 2013, these academic metrics were withheld from interviewers’ files. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of academic and demographic variables on overall cohort interview scores. When interviewers were provided uGPA and MCAT scores, academic metrics explained more variation in interview scores (7.9%) than when interviewers were blinded to these metrics (4.1%). Further analysis showed a statistically significant interaction between cohort and uGPA, indicating that the association between uGPA and interview scores was significantly stronger for the 2012 unblinded cohort compared to the 2013 blinded cohort (β = .573, P < .05). By contrast, MCAT scores had no interactive effects on interviewer scores. While MCAT scores accounted for some variation in interview scores for both cohorts, only access to uGPA significantly influenced interviewers’ scores when looking at interaction effects. Withholding academic metrics from interviewers’ files may promote assessment of nonacademic characteristics independently from academic metrics. 相似文献
86.
Online scan of FASD prevention and health promotion resources for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
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Hayley M. Williams BSocSc PGDipPsych Nikki A. Percival BSc MPH PhD Nicole C. Hewlett BPsych BPsych MPH Rahni B. J. Cassady Sven R. Silburn BSc BSc MSc 《Health promotion journal of Australia》2018,29(1):31-38
Issue addressed
Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) includes a range of life‐long impairments caused by alcohol exposure in utero. Health professionals are vital to preventing FASD but many are hesitant to discuss FASD with clients due to their need for additional resources to aid the conversation. This scan sought to identify the scope and gaps in publicly available FASD prevention and health promotion resources, and assess their cultural appropriateness for use among five key groups of Indigenous Australian people including: (i) pregnant women, (ii) women of childbearing age, (iii) grandmothers and aunties, (iv) men, and (v) health professionals.Methods
Relevant resources published 1995‐2017 were identified through the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, FASD organisation websites, grey literature, Google searches, and field experts. Results were screened by inclusion and cultural appropriateness criteria developed and piloted by the research team, and further screened by health professionals attending FASD training workshops.Results
115 of the 2146 identified resources were eligible. Relevant resources were found for all five key groups; however, no resources were specifically designed for men, grandmothers or aunties.Conclusions
A range of high‐quality, culturally appropriate resources were identified, however, health professionals attending the training workshops were not aware of their availability. Further resource development is suggested for men, grandmothers and aunties.So what?
Prioritisation of active dissemination and implementation strategies is suggested to increase awareness and use of future resource developments. The inclusion of a resource trial among health professionals is a recommended strategy to increase awareness and use of newly developed resources.87.
Alyssa M. Civantos Yasmeen Byrnes Changgee Chang Aman Prasad Kevin Chorath Seerat K. Poonia Carolyn M. Jenks Andrs M. Bur Punam Thakkar Evan M. Graboyes Rahul Seth Samuel Trosman Anni Wong Benjamin M. Laitman Brianna N. Harris Janki Shah Vanessa Stubbs Garret Choby Qi Long Christopher H. Rassekh Erica Thaler Karthik Rajasekaran 《Head & neck》2020,42(7):1597-1609
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