葛根素和大豆甙元抑制[3H]氟硝西泮和体外大鼠脑膜的结合

从中药葛根中提取到两种苯二氮艹卓受体活性化合物:葛根素和大豆甙元。两种化合物在体外可抑制[3H]氟硝西泮和大鼠脑细胞膜的结合,IC₅₀值分别为18.46μmol·L^-1和15.43μmol·L^-1。大豆甙元还可抑制[³H]哌唑嗪和α1-肾上腺素受体的结合(IC₅₀值为89μmol·L^-1)。两种化合物的GABA比分别为1.11和1.12,提示两种黄酮化合物是苯二氮艹卓受体的拮抗剂或部分激动剂。Scatchardplot分析显示:两种化合物对[³H]氟硝西泮与膜结合的抑制作用是通过竞争性与非竞争性混合机制而实现的。     

Molecular analysis of the litaf/simple and prx genes in patients with demyelinating charcot‐marie‐tooth (CMT) disease

Mutations in the GJB1/Cx32 gene (Xq13.1) cause the most common X‐linked form of CMT (CMTX1) and are the most frequent cause of CMT disease after the CMT1A duplication. The disorder is characterized by a moderate‐to‐severe neuropathy in affected males and mild‐to‐no symptoms in carrier females. We report here a CMT1A‐negative family in which 4 females and 2 males were affected, exhibiting different disease severity. Molecular analysis of the GJB1/Cx32 gene uncovered a nonsense mutation (Arg22stop) in exon 2. The mutation, which had been previously described by others and observed by us in numerous other families, occurred in heterozygous form in the 4 females. However, while one of the two male patients was severely affected and shown to be hemizygous, as expected, the other was mildly affected and found to carry the mutation in heterozygous form. Genotyping at the SRY (Yp11.3) and DMD (Xp21) loci suggested the occurrence of the XXY genotype associated with Klinefelter syndrome. Microsatellite analysis indicated that the nondysjunctional error was of paternal origin, as it is usually observed in about half the cases. The patient had no children. At clinical examination, he exhibited a very mild neurologic phenotype and showed signs of hypogonadism (mild gynecomastia and small testes) as well as moderate cognitive impairment. Electrophysiologic, cytogenetic and endocrinologic investigations are in progress in order to define the unusual phenotype in this patient.     

Intramuscular bipenicillin vs. intravenous penicillin in the treatment of erysipelas in adults: randomized controlled study

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of intramuscular penicillin: mixture of benzyl penicillin and procain penicillin (2 MU x 2 times daily) and intravenous benzyl penicillin (4 MU x 6 times daily) in the treatment of hospitalized adult patients with erysipelas. A prospective randomized unicentric trial was conducted. In total, 112 patients entered the study; 57 in the intramuscular group and 55 patients in the intravenous group completed the trial. The failure rate was 14% for intramuscular group and 20% for the intravenous group (P = 0.40). Local complications such as of the leg abscesses were observed in the two groups (intravenous 9.1%, intramuscular 7%; P = 0477). Of the patients treated with intravenous benzyl penicillin, 25.5% presented complications related to the route (venitis). Intramuscular penicillin should be considered an effective and well-tolerated treatment of erysipelas in adult patients.     

Cancer control planning and establishment of priorities for intervention by a state health department.

A number of data sources routinely available to State health departments were analyzed as part of a State health department cancer control planning effort. This planning effort consisted of seven steps; the most challenging one was the establishment of priorities for cancer control interventions. Using data from available sources, however, a framework for prioritizing potential cancer control interventions as well as choosing a geographic area in which to implement selected interventions was developed. Factors considered in this framework for setting intervention priorities included the magnitude of the problem; the existence of scientific consensus regarding the efficacy of intervention techniques; the availability of data needed to plan, implement, and evaluate an intervention; the availability of resources within communities to implement an intervention; and the existence of public demand for the intervention. The development and use of this cancer control planning model and framework for setting cancer control intervention priorities in New York State are described in this paper. In using this planning model and framework for setting priorities, quantitative elements were found to be most necessary to define problems, but qualitative elements were most crucial for decision making.     

Cyclophosphamide in the male rat: cerebral biochemical changes in progeny

Adult male Wistar rats were treated with cyclophosphamide either alone or with both cyclophosphamide and vinblastine. They were then mated with virgin non-treated females. Examination of their offspring showed an increased post-natal mortality rate; and diminished learning capacity and spontaneous activity in the adults. These disorders were also found in the second generation, resulting from mating between animals of the first generation. Biochemical analyses of the brains of the offspring of treated males in the first and second generations showed a diminished activity of hippocampal choline acetyl-transferase. Moreover, the second generation showed a diminution of fronto-parietal cortex norepinephrine. These biochemical results may correspond to the observed behavioral deficits. Furthermore, by studying experimental mutation, they add to our knowledge of the consequences of certain cytostatic treatments.     

腹部超低磁场磁共振胃肠道充液利弊的探讨

本文回顾性总结分析100例腹部ULF-MRI检查,阐述胃肠道人为充盈准备和不准备,与使用弹力腹带紧裹季肋部等措施．对图像分析的利弊关系。介绍了所用设备、方法、资料和结果,用不同内含的水模(白开水、铁剂、牛奶等)．寻得信号规律,与临床实践比较．讨论三种液体作为人为充盈液的优缺点．有利于正确判别组织．有利于临床诊断。     

Ontogeny of B-lymphocyte function. III. In vivo and in vitro studies on the ease of tolerance induction in B lymphocytes from fetal, neonatal, and adult mice

The ease of tolerance induction in B lymphocytes from fetal, neonatal, and adult mice was studied in vivo, in a cell transfer system, and in vitro. Three different tolerogens were used: ultracentrifuged BGG, DNP(6)-D-GL, and ultracentrifuged DNP(22)-BGG. Irradiated thymectomized mice were reconstituted with B cells from fetal or neonatal liver or adult spleen or bone marrow. The mice were injected with tolerogen 1 day later. They were given normal thymus cells and challenged with either BGG or DNP(44)-BGG between 4 and 14 days after tolerance induction. With BGG no difference in ease of B-cell tolerance induction was observed in mice reconstituted with B cells from 17-day fetal liver, neonatal liver, 8- day-old spleen, adult spleen, or adult bone marrow. B cells from 14-day fetal donors are relatively resistant to tolerance induction. In contrast, with DNP(6)-D-GL and DNP(22)-BGG B cells from neonatal donors were clearly more susceptible to tolerance induction than were B cells from adult donors. Comparable results were obtained in studies on tolerance induction in vitro. Neonatal B cells were more susceptible than adult B cells to tolerance induction upon culture with DNP(6)-D-GL or DNP(22)-BGG. However, neonatal and adult B cells were identical with respect to ease of tolerance induction in vitro with deaggregated BGG. The results suggest that there are multiple mechanisms for B-cell tolerance induction. Immature B cells appear to be more susceptible to tolerance induction by some mechanisms but not by others. It is suggested that immature B cells are more susceptible to tolerance induction with moderately polyvalent antigens such as hapten-carrier conjugates. With antigens like BGG which do not haverepeated epitopes no difference between mature and fetal B cells in regard to ease of tolerance induction is observed. These observations raise questions about the importance of relative ease of tolerance induction in immature B cells as a mechanism controlling the normal induction of self tolerance.     

Comparisons of American,Israeli, Italian and Mexican physicians and nurses on the total and factor scores of the Jefferson scale of attitudes toward physician-nurse collaborative relationships

This cross-cultural study was designed to compare the attitudes of physicians and nurses toward physician-nurse collaboration in the United States, Israel, Italy and Mexico. Total participants were 2522 physicians and nurses who completed the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration (15 Likert-type items, (Hojat et al., Evaluation and the Health Professions 22 (1999a) 208; Nursing Research 50 (2001) 123). They were compared on the total scores and four factors of the Jefferson Scale (shared education and team work, caring as opposed to curing, nurses, autonomy, physicians' dominance). Results showed inter- and intra-cultural similarities and differences among the study groups providing support for the social role theory (Hardy and Conway, Role Theory: Perspectives for Health Professionals, Appelton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1978) and the principle of least interest (Waller and Hill, The Family: A Dynamic Interpretation, Dryden, New York, 1951) in inter-professional relationships. Implications for promoting physician-nurse education and inter-professional collaboration are discussed.