Cholesterol and cancer in a population of male civil service workers.

Cancer incidence and mortality were ascertained in a cohort of 1910 male participants of the Albany Cardiovascular Health Center (CVHC). The New York State Cancer Registry, vital records files, CVHC follow-up records, New York State Retirement System files, and New York State Department of Motor Vehicles driver's license files were used. Serum cholesterol measurements as well as values for other exposure variables were obtained from records of medical examinations which began in 1953-1954. The study cohort was divided into two groups, based on initial serum cholesterol measurement (less than or equal to 190 mg/100 ml and less than or equal to 190 mg/100 ml). For total cancers, both incidence and mortality were similar in these groups. For digestive cancer, both incidence and mortality were slightly lower in the less than or equal to 190 mg/100 ml group. The deficit was not statistically significant. For respiratory cancer, relative risk and rate ratio estimates were in the range of 1.4-1.7 for incidence and mortality. The excess risk in the less than or equal to 190 mg/100 ml group was of borderline statistical significance. The association was concentrated in the lowest cholesterol quintile rather than suggesting a strong dose-response relationship. The estimates were not found to be confounded by cigarette smoking, body mass index, education or age. A reduction in the crude rate ratio estimate from 1.5 to 1.2 was observed when early cases were excluded, suggesting that part of the observed excess may be due to preclinical cancer.     

尼群的平对麻醉犬冠脉流量、心肌耗氧量、二氧化碳产生率的影响

尼群的平20μg/kg iv显著降低麻醉犬血压的过程,冠状窦流量明显增加。持续3h,冠状窦氧含量增加,氧摄取率、心肌耗氧量、二氧化碳产生率降低,持续了3h以上,说明该剂适用于高血压伴心肌缺血。     

Surgical management of isthmic spondylolisthesis

In order to determine the factors that produce a successful outcome in the surgical management of spondylolisthesis, 44 consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment were reviewed. Preoperative evaluation was directed towards determining the presence or absence of nerve root compression. The patients without nerve root compression typically underwent fusion alone, while those with evidence of nerve root compression had decompression and fusion. After an average 36-month follow-up, results were good in 78%, fair in 18%, and poor in 4%. There were five complications, all of which were successfully managed. Two patients required reoperation for pseudoarthrosis. An eventual 100% fusion rate was achieved. Results in the patients with Grade III or Grade IV olisthesis were nearly equivalent to the less severe cases. Nine patients received allograft, with a fusion rate equal to the 32 receiving autogenous bone. This study suggests that in patients who have isthmic spondylolisthesis with mechanical lumbar symptoms only, or in patients with low-back pain with radicular extremity pain caused by nerve root irritation, fusion alone is indicated. In patients with documented radiculopathy resulting from nerve root compression, decompression in addition to fusion is indicated.