G2019S LRRK2 mutation in familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease in Russia.

Among mutations associated with autosomal dominant and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) the G2019S substitution in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is the most frequently identified. To estimate its frequency in Russia, we analyzed 208 patients with PD from the Northwestern region of Russia. Of these, 51 patients were probands from families with PD compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance. The control group represented 161 subjects without neurological disorders settled in the same region. The frequency of the G2019S mutation was greater in familial PD (2 [3.9%] of 51) than in sporadic PD (1 [0.6%] of 157). In addition, this mutation was found in the proband's father, who also had PD, in 1 PD family, and in 1 carrier without signs of PD at age 40 in another PD family. All carriers were heterozygous for the G2019S mutation and reported the Ashkenazi Jewish origin. The mutation was not found in the control group.     

Immunoactive peptides. III. Synthesis and immunomodulating activity of novel fragments of thymosins β-7-β-10

For Communications I and II see [4].     

A new mixed plant preparation possessing antistressor properties

The optimum extraction conditions for obtaining a new mixed plant preparation (tanton) have been determined and its phytochemical composition has been studied. The antistressor activity of tanton has been established in experiments on white rats. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 41, No. 11, pp. 42–46, November, 2007.     

Relationship of structure to acute toxicity and antiarrhythmic activity in alkylamino- and dialkylaminoacet-ortho-toluidides

Translated from Khimiko-farmatsevtieheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 51–55, April, 1992.     

The synthesis and localization of alternatively spliced fibronectin EIIIB in resting and thrombin-treated megakaryocytes

There are several species of alternatively spliced fibronectin (FN). One of these, FN EIIIB, is primarily present in embryonic and in proliferating and migrating cells and is believed to be important for cell maturation. We have studied the synthesis, localization, and secretion of this FN isoform in isolated guinea pig megakaryocytes, nonmegakaryocytic bone marrow cells, and platelets. There was 7.5 times more general FN in megakaryocytes than in nonmegakaryocytic cells based on the analysis of equivalent amounts of protein. FN EIIIB was detected by Western blotting in megakaryocytes but not in nonmegakaryocytic cells present in bone marrow. Neither megakaryocytes nor platelets secreted FN EIIIB, while megakaryocytes secreted 25.3% +/- 4.6% general FN and platelets secreted about 61% general FN in response to thrombin. Analysis of immunostained cells by confocal microscopy revealed that FN EIIIB had been redistributed to the surface of megakaryocytes in response to thrombin. Synthesis was studied by metabolic labeling, and megakaryocytes were shown to synthesize FN and FN EIIIB. Thus, megakaryocytes and platelets are among a small number of adult cells and tissues that synthesize and contain FN EIIIB. The expression of FN EIIIB on the megakaryocyte surface may influence migration and maturation.     

Synthesis, stereochemistry and anticonvulsant action of 4-phenyltetrahydroisoquinolines

The racemic and optically active 4'- and 8-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines 2-5 have been synthesized and their effect on the water-immersion stress ulcer in rats has been studied. All compounds prevent the formation of stress ulcer, the strongest effect being exhibited by compound 4 and its dextrarotatory isomer (R1 = Cl, R2 = NHCOOC2H5). The antiulcer activity of 4 is 30 to 50 times higher than that of the H2 receptor antagonists Cimetidin and Ranitidin used for comparison. The absolute configuration of the optically active compounds 2, 3 and 4 has been determined by means of chemical correlation. The antiulcer activity of 4 is characterized by enantioselectivity, S-(+)-4 is three times as active than R-(-)-4.     

Fatty acid composition of lipids of Escherichia coli W 1655 F+ and its stable protoplast type L-form

The comparative fatty acid analysis of extractable and non-extractable lipids of Escherichia coli W 1655 F⁺ and its stable protoplast type L-form shows quantitative as well as qualitative differences. From 10 different fatty acids obtained 16:0, 17:0, and 18:0 are present at about the same quantities in the lipid fractions of the bacterial and L-form. The absence of larger amounts of 12:0, 14:0, and 14:βOH fatty acids in non-extractable L-form lipids reflects the loss of the cell wall in L-form cells. 16:1 fatty acid was found in L-form lipids only. This qualitative difference and the 2–3 times higher content of 18:1 in L-form lipids and the 7 times lower content of cyc 19:0 in extractable lipids of the L-form may be interpreted as alterations characteristic for the changed composition of the cytoplasmic membrane in L-form cells.