对侧眼无症状视网膜裂孔预防性激光光凝术后失败原因分析

目的探讨孔源性视网膜脱离患者的对侧眼无症状视网膜新裂孔行预防性激光光凝术后发生视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离的原因。方法对21例孔源性视网膜脱离同时行对侧眼无症状视网膜裂孔预防性激光光凝术后发生视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离的患者,记录其年龄、性别、屈光状态、晶状体状态、对侧眼预防性治疗的病变类型和治疗的方法、预防性激光光凝术到视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离形成的时间和玻璃体状态、新发生裂孔的类型和位置、治疗的方法。结果平均年龄41.3岁,15例(71.4%)为男性,全部为近视眼,其中16例(76.2%)高度近视(大于6.0D),全部为有透明晶状体眼,对侧眼预防性治疗的病变类型:15例(71.4%)为变性萎缩孔,6例(28.6%)为马蹄孔伴随广泛视网膜格子样变性(变性区大于6个钟点),全部病例均行视网膜裂孔孔周氩激光光凝术,视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离形成的时间平均为21.6个月,术前部分玻璃体后脱离(PVD)2例(9.5%),无明显的色素颗粒,新裂孔或视网膜脱离形成后,部分PVD伴色素颗粒18例(85.7%),全部均为马蹄形裂孔,马蹄孔伴后缘卷边2例(9.5%),9例(42.8%)新裂孔形成的位置位于激光光凝区的边缘,12例(57.2%)位于正常或未治疗的视网膜上,发展为视网膜脱离18例(85.7%),累及黄斑6例(28.6%),16例行视网膜裂孔冷凝联合巩膜环扎和外加压术,2例行玻璃体切除联合惰性气体填充术;单纯视网膜裂孔3例(14.3%),再次行氩激光光凝术,术后平均随访6个月。结论中青年高度近视不伴随PVD是对侧眼无症状视网膜裂孔光凝术后发生视网膜裂孔或视网膜脱离的高危因素;预防性激光治疗与玻璃体后脱离牵拉新裂孔形成有密切相关。     

糖尿病性黄斑囊样水肿患者视野的临床研究

目的探讨临床诊断以黄斑囊样水肿(cystoid macular edema,CME)为主要表现的糖尿病性视网膜病变患者的视野改变特征,为糖尿病性CME的诊断和预后判断提供依据。方法A组(无CME):32例(32只眼);B组(有CME):26例(26只眼)。采用重庆康华科技有限公司的(APS-6000B型)全自动电脑视野检查仪,测定参数:平均视敏度、视敏度标准差、平均缺损。同时测定糖化血红蛋白、血压和空腹血糖。结果A组患者平均视敏度、视敏度标准差、平均缺损三方面均高于B组,且统计学有显著性差异。糖尿病性CME患者的平均视敏度与空腹血糖无相关性,与糖化血红蛋白呈负相关,与血压呈负相关,与病程呈负相关。结论视野检查可作为糖尿病性CME的临床诊断方法之一。糖尿病性CME患者的视敏度变化受病程、糖化血红蛋白、血压的影响,而空腹血糖的影响不大。     

早期糖尿病鼠视网膜HIF1α及VEGF表达的意义

目的 探讨缺氧诱导因子1α（hypoxia-inducible factor 1α,HIF-1α）和血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）在早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜上的表达及意义.方法 用链尿佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）腹腔注射制作大鼠早期糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy,DR）模型.于模型建立后1个月处死大鼠,取眼球做石蜡切片及视网膜铺片.用免疫组化法检测HIF-1α及VEGF在视网膜的表达.用胰酶消化视网膜并行PAS视网膜血管染色,观察管视网膜血管形态变化.结果 早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜的HIF-1α可能由高浓度血糖诱导,从而上调VEGF的表达.结论 HIF1α和VEGF在糖尿病视网膜新生血管的发生过程中可能起着重要的作用.     

溶血磷脂酸及其受体在卵巢上皮癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨溶血磷脂酸（lysophosphatidic acid,LPA）及其3种受体亚型（LPA1、LPA2、LPA3）在卵巢上皮癌发生和发展中的作用及可能机制。方法：采用RT—PCR技术检测24例卵巢上皮癌和18例卵巢良性上皮肿瘤组织中LPA1、LPA2、LPA3的表达;用生化测定法检测24例卵巢上皮癌和18例卵巢良性上皮肿瘤患者和10例健康妇女的血浆LPA水平。结果：LPA2与LPA3在卵巢上皮癌组织中的表达水平明显高于卵巢良性上皮肿瘤组织（P值均〈0．001）,而LPA1在这两者间的表达水平无显著差异。卵巢上皮癌患者血浆LPA水平明显高于卵巢良性上皮肿瘤患者及健康妇女（P值均〈0．001）,后两者间血浆LPA水平无显著性差异;Ⅲ-Ⅳ期患者的血浆LPA水平高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期患者,但无显著性差异。结论：LPA及其受体LPA2、LPA3可能在卵巢上皮癌的发生和发展中起重要作用。     

皮肤分枝杆菌感染的研究进展

皮肤分枝杆菌感染是一类复杂的皮肤疾病,临床和病理无特异表现,易漏诊误诊。临床上大致分为3类,皮肤结核、麻风、非结核分枝杆菌感染性皮肤病。本文就各类分枝杆菌感染相关的皮肤疾病进行流行病学特征、临床表现、诊断及治疗进展进行综述。     

Grape seed powder increases gastrointestinal motility

Grape seed is an important natural bioactive product with various health benefits. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The present study investigated the effects of grape seed powder (GSP) on ICC properties and GI motility. GSP depolarized the pacemaker potentials of ICCs in a dose‑dependent manner. Y25130 or SB269970 slightly inhibited GSP‑induced effects. However, Y25130 and SB269970 together completely blocked GSP-induced effects. In the presence of inhibitors of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, or mitogen-activated protein kinase, GSP‑induced ICC depolarization was inhibited. GSP increased the intestinal transit rate in normal mice and in mice with acetic acid-induced GI motility disorder. In addition, the levels of motilin and substance P were elevated after GSP dosing. These results demonstrate that GSP can regulate GI motility, and therefore, it is a potential therapeutic agent for treating GI motility disorders.     

Vitamin D Enhances Neutrophil Generation and Function in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Vitamin D (VD) is a major regulator of calcium metabolism in many living organisms. In addition, VD plays a key role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity in vertebrates. Neutrophils constitute an important part of the first line of defense against invading microbes; however, the potential effect of VD on neutrophils remains elusive. Thus, in this study zebrafish in different developmental stages were utilized to identify the potential role of VD in the basal homeostasis and functions of neutrophils. Our results showed that addition of exogenous VD₃ promoted granulopoiesis in zebrafish larvae. Reciprocally, neutrophil abundance in the intestine of adult zebrafish with a cyp2r1 mutant, lacking the capacity to 25-hydroxylate VD, was reduced. Moreover, VD-mediated granulopoiesis was still observed in gnotobiotic zebrafish larvae, indicating that VD regulates neutrophil generation independent of the microbiota during early development. In contrast, VD was incapable to influence granulopoiesis in adult zebrafish when the commensal bacteria were depleted by antibiotic treatment, suggesting that VD might modulate neutrophil activity via different mechanisms depending on the developmental stage. In addition, we found that VD₃ augmented the expression of il-8 and neutrophil recruitment to the site of caudal fin amputation. Finally, VD₃ treatment significantly decreased bacterial counts and mortality in zebrafish infected with Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) in a neutrophil-dependent manner. Combined, these findings demonstrate that VD regulates granulopoiesis and neutrophil function in zebrafish immunity.     

Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate Sclerotherapy for Lateral Malleolar Bursitis of the Ankle

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) sclerotherapy for conservative treatment of lateral malleolar bursitis of the ankle.MethodsWe reviewed data from 20 consecutive patients (20 ankles) who underwent STS sclerotherapy between August 2018 and June 2019. After aspiration of fluid from the lateral malleolar bursal sac, 2 mL (20 mg) STS was injected into the sac. Clinical outcomes and side effects and complications were evaluated at 2 weeks, 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years after sclerotherapy. Responses to treatment were assessed according to degree of fluctuation, shrinkage of the bursal sac, and soft-tissue swelling. The 36-item short form survey (SF-36) was completed for each patient before and after therapy.ResultsComplete response was observed in 17 patients (85%), and partial response was observed in 3 patients (15%) after STS sclerotherapy. SF-36 physical component scores improved from 62.2 (interquartile range, 5.2) before therapy to 70.0 (interquartile range, 7.9) at last follow-up (p < 0.05). One patient (5%) experienced transient hyperpigmentation at the injection site. No major complications occurred.ConclusionsSTS sclerotherapy was an effective and safe treatment for patients with lateral malleolar bursitis of the ankle.     

Isatuximab plus carfilzomib and dexamethasone versus carfilzomib and dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma patients with renal impairment: IKEMA subgroup analysis

Renal impairment (RI) is common in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and new therapies that can improve renal function are needed. The phase III IKEMA study (clinicaltrials gov. Identifier: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03275285","term_id":"NCT03275285"}}NCT03275285) investigated isatuximab (Isa) with carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Kd) versus Kd in relapsed MM. This subgroup analysis examined results from patients with RI, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m². Addition of Isa prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with RI (hazard ratio: 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11–0.66; median PFS not reached for Isa-Kd versus 13.4 months for Kd [20.8-month follow-up]). Complete renal responses occurred more frequently with Isa-Kd (52.0%) versus Kd (30.8%) and were durable in 32.0% versus 7.7% of patients, respectively. Treatment exposure was longer with Isa-Kd, with median number of started cycles and median duration of exposure of 20 versus 9 cycles and 81.0 versus 35.7 weeks for Isa-Kd versus Kd, respectively. Among patients with RI, the incidence of patients with grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events was similar between the two arms (79.1% in Isa-Kd vs. 77.8% in Kd). In summary, the addition of Isa to Kd improved clinical outcomes with a manageable safety profile in patients with RI, consistent with the benefit observed in the overall IKEMA study population.     

宫颈癌全子宫切除术后发生毛细血管渗漏综合征 1例

目的探讨宫颈癌病人术后发生毛细血管渗漏综合征( capillary leakage syndrome,CLS)的病因、临床表现及处理措施,为临床医师提供可靠经验,提高此类疾病诊治水平。方法分析 1例 2022年 7月于潍坊医学院附属医院术前诊断为子宫颈原位癌而术后病理为浸润性宫颈癌的病人术后发生 CLS的过程及诊疗经过,结合相关文献报道,总结宫颈癌病人术后发生 CLS的机制及处理措施。结果病人术中生命体征平稳,手术结束恢复体位时出现血压下降,给予去甲肾上腺素升压,待血压升至 100/60 mmHg返回病房后陆续出现胸闷、憋气及双下肢中度水肿,行 CT检查提示大量胸腹腔积液,给予地塞米松、羟乙基淀粉、血浆及人血白蛋白改善毛细血管通透性,补充血容量,限制性补液并间断性给予利尿剂等处理,经过积极治疗后病人病情好转。结论针对宫颈癌术后的病人,医务人员需严密观察,对胸闷、憋气、双下肢水肿等症状提高警惕,首先排除是否出现 CLS,一旦确诊立即给予相应的处理。