全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17990篇 |
免费 | 901篇 |
国内免费 | 88篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 117篇 |
儿科学 | 348篇 |
妇产科学 | 280篇 |
基础医学 | 2153篇 |
口腔科学 | 409篇 |
临床医学 | 1140篇 |
内科学 | 4826篇 |
皮肤病学 | 222篇 |
神经病学 | 1249篇 |
特种医学 | 762篇 |
外科学 | 3164篇 |
综合类 | 48篇 |
预防医学 | 417篇 |
眼科学 | 244篇 |
药学 | 1358篇 |
中国医学 | 29篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2213篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 104篇 |
2022年 | 215篇 |
2021年 | 342篇 |
2020年 | 208篇 |
2019年 | 270篇 |
2018年 | 320篇 |
2017年 | 291篇 |
2016年 | 352篇 |
2015年 | 366篇 |
2014年 | 440篇 |
2013年 | 604篇 |
2012年 | 882篇 |
2011年 | 1056篇 |
2010年 | 584篇 |
2009年 | 522篇 |
2008年 | 934篇 |
2007年 | 971篇 |
2006年 | 947篇 |
2005年 | 895篇 |
2004年 | 1024篇 |
2003年 | 998篇 |
2002年 | 922篇 |
2001年 | 517篇 |
2000年 | 497篇 |
1999年 | 500篇 |
1998年 | 232篇 |
1997年 | 198篇 |
1996年 | 162篇 |
1995年 | 155篇 |
1994年 | 120篇 |
1993年 | 110篇 |
1992年 | 287篇 |
1991年 | 227篇 |
1990年 | 264篇 |
1989年 | 292篇 |
1988年 | 282篇 |
1987年 | 257篇 |
1986年 | 228篇 |
1985年 | 237篇 |
1984年 | 133篇 |
1983年 | 128篇 |
1982年 | 62篇 |
1979年 | 111篇 |
1978年 | 76篇 |
1977年 | 50篇 |
1974年 | 46篇 |
1972年 | 54篇 |
1971年 | 55篇 |
1970年 | 49篇 |
1969年 | 59篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
John Evans Pablo Bringas Jr. Masanori Nakamura Etsuko Nakamura Valentino Santos Professor Harold C. Slavkin 《Calcified tissue international》1988,42(4):220-230
Summary Biomineralization was investigated using embryonic mouse mandibular first molars (M1) cultured in the presence or absence of fetal calf serum. Metabolic features including cell division and Ca2+ and phosphate incorporation into dentine and enamel extracellular matrices were analyzed. The relative timing and magnitude
of DNA synthesis for serumless cultures was comparable toin vivo controls. Isotopic calcium and phosphate incorporation into the mineral phase of dentine and enamel matrices, in the absence
of serum, fluctuated during development. Molar tooth morphogenesis, cytodifferentiation, and extracellular matrix formation
approximated late crown-stage development in serumless cultures. Von Kossa histochemical staining indicated calcium phosphate
salt formation in serumless cultures. Analysis of anhydrous fixation-prepared enamel and dentine representing serumless cultured
explants indicated that crystal size and orientation were comparable toin vivo enamel and dentine. In contrast, serum-supplemented cultures showed atypical crystal size and orientation. Calcium/phosphorous
(Ca/P) ratio values for serumless cultures after 21 days showed Ca/P enamel values of 2.03 (SD±0.04, p<0.025) and dentine
values of 1.89 (SD±0.01, p<0.025). Electron diffraction patterns of enamel and dentine formed in serumless cultures were principally
those of highly-ordered crystalline hydroxyapatite. Our results suggest that tissue-specific dentine and enamel biomineralization
is regulated by endogenous factors intrinsic to the developmental program of embryonic tooth organs during serumless culture. 相似文献
42.
Yu Kojima Hisao Fujii Renta Katsui Yoshiyuki Nakajima Miyako Takaki 《Journal of Smooth Muscle Research》2006,42(5):139-147
The defecation reflex is composed of rectal distension-evoked rectal (R-R) reflex contractions and synchronous internal anal sphincter (R-IAS) reflex relaxations in guinea pigs. These R-R and R-IAS reflexes are controlled via extrinsic sacral excitatory nerve pathway (pelvic nerves), lumbar inhibitory nerve pathways (colonic nerves) and by intrinsic cholinergic excitatory and nitrergic inhibitory nerve pathways. The effect of mosapride (a prokinetic benzamide) on the intrinsic reflexes, mediated via enteric 5-HT(4) receptors, was evaluated by measuring the mechanical activity of the rectum and IAS in anesthetized guinea pigs using an intrinsic R-R and R-IAS reflex model resulting from chronic (two to nine days) lumbosacral denervation (PITH). In this model, the myenteric plexus remains undamaged and the distribution of myenteric and intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal is unchanged. Although R-R and R-IAS reflex patterns markedly changed, the reflex indices (reflex pressure or force curve-time integral) of both the R-R contractions and the synchronous R-IAS relaxations were unchanged. The frequency of the spontaneous R and IAS motility was also unchanged. Mosapride (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased both intrinsic R-R (maximum: 1.82) and R-IAS reflex indices (maximum: 2.76) from that of the control (1.0) 6-9 days following chronic PITH. The dose-response curve was similar to that in the intact guinea pig, and had shifted to the left from that in the guinea pig after acute PITH. A specific 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist, GR 113808 (1.0 mg/kg), decreased both reflex indices by approximately 50% and antagonized the effect of mosapride 1.0 mg/kg. This was quite different from the result in the intact guinea pig where GR 113808 (1.0 mg/kg) did not affect either of the reflex indices. The present results indicate that mosapride enhanced the intrinsic R-R and R-IAS reflexes and functionally compensated for the deprivation of extrinsic innervation. The actions of mosapride were mediated through endogenously active, intrinsic 5-HT(4) receptors which may be post-synaptically located in the myenteric plexus of the anorectum. 相似文献
43.
Kuniaki Nakahara Satoru Shimizu Satoshi Utsuki Sachio Suzuki Hidehiro Oka Kiyotaka Fujii 《Child's nervous system》2007,23(8):863-865
Objects We evaluated whether the presence of lacunar skull deformity (LSD) with myelomeningocele is a predictive factor for subsequent
hydrocephalus development.
Materials and methods We reviewed the clinical and radiological records of 18 infants with myelomeningocele, divided the patients into groups with
(group A, n=9) and without (group B, n=9) ventriculomegaly at birth and assessed whether the presence of LSD was predictive of the necessity for ventriculoperitoneal
shunt (VPS) placement.
Results LSD was present in five group A patients. All nine group A patients underwent VPS placement. Among the group B patients, five
had LSD; they underwent VPS placement. A significantly higher proportion of those with ventricle enlargement or LSD at birth
required VPS placement (p=0.0001).
Conclusion Adding to the ventriculomegaly at birth, the presence of LSD alerts to the necessity to monitor these infants closely to determine
the necessity for VPS placement. 相似文献
44.
Yasushi Nishihira Chun‐Feng Tan Junko Hirato Junichi Yoshimura Kenichi Nishiyama Hideaki Takahashi Yukihiko Fujii Hitoshi Takahashi 《Neuropathology》2007,27(6):551-555
Two embryonal CNS tumors, atypical teratoid/rabdoid tumor (AT/RT) and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), may be confused with each other and misdiagnosed. Here we report an infant with a congenital supratentorial tumor, which was detected by fetal MRI at 37 weeks gestation. On routine histological examination, the tumor was composed mainly of small undifferentiated cells, among which many rhabdoid cells and occasional sickle‐shaped embracing cells were observed. No mesenchymal or epithelial areas were evident. Our impression was that the tumor was an atypical example of AT/RT. Immunohistochemically, almost all the tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin. However, epithelial membrane antigen was notably negative, and most of the tumor cell nuclei were clearly positive for INI1. In addition, many tumor cells were positive for neurofilament protein. There were also occasional small areas containing many tumor cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Finally, a diagnosis of PNET, with a rhabdoid phenotype and expression of neuronal and glial markers, was made. In the present case, application of INI1 immunostaining was very helpful for distinguishing PNET from AT/RT. 相似文献
45.
Yasushi Sano Hirohisa Machida Kuang‐I. Fu Hiroaki Ito Takahiro Fujii 《Digestive endoscopy》2004,16(Z1):S93-S96
The goal of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is to allow the endoscopist to obtain tissue or resect lesions not previously amenable to standard biopsy or excisional techniques and to remove malignant lesions without open surgery. In this article, we describe the results of conventional EMR and EMR using an insulation‐tipped (IT) electrosurgical knife (submucosal dissection method) for large colorectal mucosal neoplasms and discuss the problems and future prospects of these procedures. At present, conventional EMR is much more feasible than EMR using IT‐knife from the perspectives of time, money, complication, and organ preservation. However, larger lesions tend to be resected in a piecemeal fashion; and it is difficult to confirm whether EMR has been complete. For accurate histopathological assessment of the resected specimen en bloc EMR is desirable although further experience is needed to establish its safety and efficacy. Further improvements of in EMR with special knife techniques are required to simply and safely remove large colorectal neoplasms. 相似文献
46.
A 66-year-old right-handed man developed pure anarthria following pure word deafness. In addition to language disorders, his behavior gradually changed and finally included violence against his wife. Brain magnetic resonance imagings revealed atrophy of the left perisylvian area, which included the inferior half of the precentral gyrus and the upper portion of the superior temporal gyrus, consistent with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It has been documented as either a disorder of expressive language or as an impaired understanding of word meaning. Unlike with pure anarthria, pure word deafness is not included in the clinical diagnostic current criteria for FTD. However, a large variety of language symptoms can appear in FTD according to the distribution of pathological changes in the frontotemporal cortices. This case suggests that pure word deafness could be a prodomal symptom of FTD. 相似文献
47.
Tetsurou Torisu Kelun Wang Peter Svensson Antoon De Laat Hiroyuki Fujii Lars Arendt-Nielsen 《Clinical neurophysiology》2007,118(5):999-1009
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of muscle fatigue induced by low-level isometric jaw-clenching and subsequent glutamate-evoked muscle pain on the exteroceptive suppression (ES) response and resting electromyographic (EMG) activities in human jaw muscles. METHODS: The resting EMG activity and the ESs were recorded before (baseline), after low-level jaw-clenching (Post1), after subsequent glutamate or isotonic saline injections into the left masseter (Post2), and 60 min after the clenching (Post3) in 23 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The late ES (ES2) showed more inhibition at Post1 compared with baseline (P<0.05). It was less inhibited after both types of injections (Post2), and increased at Post3 again (P<0.05) with no significant difference between the glutamate and isotonic saline sessions. The resting EMG activity increased at Post1 and Post2 (P<0.05). The glutamate injection further increased the resting EMG activity in the injected muscle (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Muscle fatigue influences inhibitory reflex pathways in jaw-closing muscles and subsequent acute muscle pain potentiates the local increase in the resting EMG activity of the painful muscle. SIGNIFICANCE: Muscle fatigue which can be observed in patients with oral dysfunctions may interact with nociceptive regulation and influence the clinical presentation of jaw symptoms and function. 相似文献
48.
Five mg/kg imipramine or desipramine was injected to infantile rats. L-5-Hydroxytryptophan-induced head shakes were assessed when rats were mature. The saline- and desipramine-treated adult male rats exhibited more sustained response to L-5-HTP than females. The time course of the head shake frequency in the imipramine-treated male and female rats showed a pattern between control males and females, resulting in no significant sex difference. The results suggest that infantile exposure to imipramine induces an alteration of the serotonergic neurons of the brain. 相似文献
49.
K Fujii M Okajima K Kawahori Y Murakami T Shimatani 《Nippon Heikatsukin Gakkai zasshi》1989,25(4):125-135
To clarify the physiological role of the mechanism that adrenergic nerve inhibits Ach release from intramural cholinergic nerve endings, the influence of Midaglizole, alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, to postprandial gastrointestinal motilities in conscious dogs was investigated. Postprandial motilities of gastric antrum, duodenum, ileum, and colon were significantly enhanced by Midaglizole (3.0-5.0 mg/kg body weight, i.v.). These excitatory responses were abolished by atropine (0.05-0.1 mg/kg body weight, i.v.). On the other hand, in most cases (29 cases out of 32), when Midaglizole was administered during quiesent phase of IMC, no change occurred in gastrointestinal motility. However, after subliminal dose of pentagastrin or cisapride, which stimulated Ach release from intramural cholinergic neuron without development of motility, was administered, Midaglizole induced phasic, postprandial motility-like contraction in gastrointestinal tract. Even in the fasted state, when Midaglizole was administered intragastrically, irregular contractions with high amplitude occurred in every regions from gastric antrum to colon. And these excitatory responses were abolished by atropine. Similar reaction was observed also in truncal vagotomized dogs. These results suggest that it is the physiological mechanism that adrenergic nerve presynaptically inhibits Ach release from intramural cholinergic neuron, which is the main mechanism of development of postprandial motility, acting on alpha 2-adrenergic receptor, and has tonic control of postprandial motility. 相似文献
50.
T Ohkawa M Ohno H Fujioka J Fujii J Maeda N Ueki S Tamura T Hada K Higashino K Nakasho 《Nihon Kyōbu Shikkan Gakkai zasshi》1991,29(11):1469-1473
A 60-year-old man had been administered diphenylhydantoin (DPH) for prevention of convulsive seizures following clipping of an aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. About one month after the commencement of DPH administration, he developed cough and low grade fever. He was treated with various antibiotics, but his condition increasingly worsened. Chest X-ray film revealed bilateral interstitial processes throughout the entire lung fields. Transbronchial lung biopsy was performed and the obtained specimen showed histological findings compatible with drug-induced pneumonitis. Administration of DPH was stopped immediately and 50 mg/day of prednisolone was started. The patient's condition rapidly improved, and the abnormal shadows on chest X-ray film gradually diminished. The lymphocyte stimulation test by DPH was positive with a stimulation index of 282%. 相似文献