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91.
Matcha, a type of green tea, has a higher amino acid content than other types of tea. We previously examined the ability of matcha to improve cognitive function in older adults and determined that continuous matcha intake improves attention and executive function. This study aimed to compare the effects of matcha and caffeine and clarify the differences between these effects. The study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000036578). The effect of single and continuous intake was compared, and the usefulness of continuous intake was evaluated under the stress condition. The Uchida–Kraepelin test (UKT) was used to induce mild acute stress, and the Cognitrax was used to evaluate cognitive function. A single dose of caffeine improved attentional function during or after stress loading. The reduced reaction time in the Cognitrax, observed following a single dose of matcha, was likely due to caffeine. The matcha group showed an increase in the amount of work after continuous intake, whereas the caffeine group only showed an increase in the amount of work for the UKT after a single dose. Ingesting matcha with caffeine improves both attention and work performance when suffering from psychological stress compared with caffeine alone.  相似文献   
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94.
In the developing spinal cord, signals from the roof plate are required for the development of three classes of dorsal interneuron: D1, D2, and D3, listed from dorsal to ventral. Here, we demonstrate that absence of Wnt1 and Wnt3a, normally expressed in the roof plate, leads to diminished development of D1 and D2 neurons and a compensatory increase in D3 neuron populations. This occurs without significantly altered expression of BMP and related genes in the roof plate. Moreover, Wnt3a protein induces expression of D1 and D2 markers in the isolated medial region of the chick neural plate, and Noggin does not interfere with this induction. Thus, Wnt signaling plays a critical role in the specification of cell types for dorsal interneurons.  相似文献   
95.
A huge rectosigmoidal cancer which extended into the urinary bladder in a 64-year-old man is herein described. The tumor occupied the pelvic and lower abdominal cavities, while the rectosigmoid was totally obstructed. No hepatic or pulmonary metastasis was evident. The ventral and flank sides of the peritoneum in the right lower abdomen, right common iliac vessels, bilateral ureters, terminal ileum, cecum, ascending colon, and urinary bladder were all directly invaded by the tumor, but the aorta, sacrum, and lower rectum were free of cancer. Consequently, an anterior pelvic exenteration was carried out along with an ileal conduit and a right hemicolectomy. Immediately after the exenteration, intra-pelvic hyperthermochemotherapy was performed using a 46–47°C perfusate containing 40 g/ml of mitomycin C (MMC) and 200 g/ml of cisplatin (CDDP), for 90 min, in an attempt to prevent any further local recurrence. A right hemicolectomy and a permanent colostomy were done simultaneously with the hyperthermia treatment. After an uneventful postoperative course, the patient was prescribed adjuvant chemotherapy, i.e., two administrations of 17 mg/m2 and 21 mg/m2 of MMC, and ten doses of 710 mg/m2 of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) followed by five doses of 535 mg/m2 of 5-FU. At the time of this writing, the patient is still alive without recurrence at 21 months after surgery.  相似文献   
96.
Summary Plasma concentration-time profiles of nimustine hydrochloride, 1-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU), in the mouse, rat, rabbit, and dog were determined by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The pharmacokinetic parameters for these four animal species and previously reported clinical data were analyzed for investigation of interspecies correlation. Loglog plots of body weight (W; kg) vs total plasma clearance (CLtot, p; ml/min) and steady-state distribution volume (Vd, ss; 1) for the four animal species were linear, with high correlation coefficients (r 0.996 for both parameters), despite the fact that the nonrenal clearance was >97% in these species. Linear regression on the plots excluding human data yielded allometric equations (CLtot,p=50.6 W0.957; Bd, ss=1.29 W1.03) that were extrapolated to predict ACNU pharmacokinetic parameters in humans. For both parameters, however, there were 3-fold differences between the predicted and observed parametric values. To investigate these discrepancies, we measured serum protein binding of ACNU in these animal species and in humans. The values of CLtot,p and Vd,ss were converted into those of CLu tot,p and Vd,u ss, which correspond to the parameters for unbound ACNU. In this case, correlation coefficients of the log-log plots excluding human data (CLu tot,p=71.7 W0.891; Bd,u ss=1.82 W0.966) were also high (r0.991). The extrapolated values vs those observed in a 70-kg human were the following: CLu tot,p, 3,160 vs 2,290 ml/min; Vd,u ss, 110 vs 1061. Thus, the animal data were successfully extrapolated to yield better predictions of human pharmacokinetic parameters if the analysis was based on the unbound plasma concentration of ACNU. In addition, the predicted plasma concentration-time profile for humans also showed good agreement with the observed ones. These results suggest the importance of measuring unbound fractions of drugs for more accurate prediction of human pharmacokinetic parameters by extrapolation of animal data to the human situation.  相似文献   
97.
The estimation of risk for incidence of hypertension was carried out by follow-up study in a small village in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan (N=750, 48.2±15.2months). The most significant risk in both sexes was blood pressure at entry. As for other risks, age, total cholesterol, and BMI in females were significant risks for systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes to greater than the borderline level. These factors in males were not significant. From the results of analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model, drinking in males was shown to be a significant risk for diastolic change, and in females for systolic change. It was concluded that excessive drinking in both sexes and obesity in females led to important health problems associated with hypertension among the subjects of the study.  相似文献   
98.
  1. Adenosine exerts cardioprotective effects on the ischaemic myocardium. The production of adenosine in the ischaemic myocardium is attributed primarily to the enzymatic dephosphorylation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) by 5′-nucleotidase. We determined the activity of 5′-nucleotidase in rat hearts. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel antagonists (glibenclamide and 5-hydroxydecanoate) on the production of adenosine, by use of a flexibly mounted microdialysis technique.
  2. Rats were anaesthetized and the microdialysis probe was implanted in the left ventricular myocardium, followed by perfusion with Tyrode solution. The baseline level of dialysate adenosine was 0.51±0.09 μM (n=16). Introduction of AMP (100 μM) through the probe increased the dialysate adenosine markedly to 9.79±0.43 μM (n=12, P<0.001 vs baseline), and this increase was inhibited by the ecto-5′-nucleotidase inhibitor, α,β-methyleneadenosine 5′-diphosphate (100 μM), to 0.76±0.12 μM (n=8). Thus, the dialysate adenosine noted during the perfusion of AMP originated from dephosphorylation of AMP by ecto-5′-nucleotidase, and the dialysate level of adenosine attained reflects the ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity in the tissue in situ.
  3. Glibenclamide (0.1–100 μM) decreased the adenosine concentration measured during the perfusion of AMP (100 μM) in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50=10.5 μM). In contrast, 5-hydroxydecanoate (10–100 μM) did not affect the concentrations of dialysate adenosine, measured in the presence of AMP (100 μM). These results suggest that glibenclamide inhibits the activity of endogenous ecto-5′-nucleotidase and decreases the concentration of adenosine in the interstitial space of rat ventricular muscles in situ.
  相似文献   
99.
We report the anaesthetic management of a mother, and airway management of a neonate with a prenatal diagnosis of cervical cystic hygroma causing upper airway obstruction. The mortality of such neonates due to upper airway obstruction is reported to exceed 20% following deliveries. Elective Caesarean section was performed under general anaesthesia, and in utero tracheal intubation of the neonate was accomplished under uninterrupted maternal-fetal circulation. By utilizing isoflurane and ritodrine, the heart rate of the neonate remained between 120 to 150 bpm for four minutes following uterine incision. We believe that it is important that a multidisciplinary approach be initiated for planning of airway management of the neonate soon after the diagnosis is made. Laryngoscopy blades larger than normal for neonates, and a portable Doppler to monitor the viability of the neonate were found to be useful in the management of the neonate during in utero tracheal intubation. Although estimated blood loss was not increased, nor did uterine atony occur postoperatively despite the use of ritodrine during Caesarean section, the efficacy and safety of ritodrine to delay placental detachment have not been proved.  相似文献   
100.
Makoto Iwata 《Surgery today》1994,24(12):1056-1067
The pathophysiological conditions following 84% hepatectomy were examined in terms of the changes in thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in canine model. OKY-046, TxA2 inhibitor, and OP-2507, a PGI2 analog, were administered to evaluate the possibility of extending hepatic resection. The 2-week survival rate following 84% hepatectomy significantly improved after the administration of OKY-046 and OP-2507, from 12.5% to 58.3% and 75.0%, respectively. Furthermore, OP-2507 significantly improved impaired hepatocyte and sinusoidal endothelial cell function after 84% hepatectomy, resulting in a satisfactory recovery to the preoperative levels. Within 24 h after 84% hepatectomy, the plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) increased significantly, and the 6-keto-prostaglandin Fl (6-KF) levels became slightly elevated. OKY-046 and OP-2507 decreased TxB2 and increased 6-KF in the plasma, resulting in the maintenance of sufficient blood flow in the portal vein and hepatic tissue and the mitigation of microcirculatory disorders. Moreover, the cytoprotective effects of the two drugs inhibited functional impairment of the residual liver. In conclusion, abnormal prostaglandin metabolites were produced after 84% hepatectomy, being involved in residual liver disorders. However, the administration of either an inhibitor of TxA2 synthesis or PGI2 analog ameliorated the functional impairment of the residual liver, which suggests their potential value for extending the resectability of the liver from what is presently feasible.An abstract of this study was presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Surgical Society held in 1992.  相似文献   
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