Treatment of completely displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children by cross-fixation with three Kirschner wires.

The authors investigated 63 consecutive patients (average age 6 years 6 months) who underwent cross-fixation with three Kirschner wires after reduction of a completely displaced supracondylar fracture (type 3) of the humerus. All fractures were reduced and fixed by inserting two parallel Kirschner wires in the lateral side, followed by one crossed medial Kirschner wire under fluoroscopic guidance. Lateral pins were inserted in parallel or divergent fashion to ensure stability. With a medial crossed pin insertion, the elbow was carefully extended for easy palpation and protection of the ulnar nerve without displacing the reduced fracture. Skin incision for detection of the ulnar nerve before medial Kirschner wire fixation was not required. There was no iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury caused by the Kirschner wires. The clinical outcome of the surgery after an average of 17 months was investigated: 62 (98.4%) of the 63 patients studied showed a "satisfactory" result. Cross-fixation with three Kirschner wires is considered an effective and safe method for avoiding ulnar nerve injury in the treatment of a completely displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children.     

Influences of olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation on axonal regeneration in spinal cord of adult rats

Objective: To observe whether offactory ensheathing cells could be used to promote axonal regeneration in a slmntaneously nonregenerating system. Methods: After laminectomy at the lower thoracic level, the spinal cords of adult rats were exposed and completely transected at T10. A suspension of ensheathing cells was injected into the lesion site in 12 adult rats, and control D/F-12 (1:1 mixture of DMEM and Ham‘s F-12) was injected in 12 adult rats. Six weeks and ten weeks after cell transplantation, the rats were evaluated by climbing test and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) monitoring. The samples were procured and studied with histologiel and immounohistochemical methods. Results: At the 6th week after cell transplantation,d the rats in both the transplanted and control groups were paraplegic and the MEPs could not be recorded. At the 10th week after cell transplantation, of 7 rats in the control group, 2 rats had muscles‘ contraction of the lower extremities, 2 rats had hips and/or knees‘ active movement; and 5 rats‘ MEPs could be recorded in the hind limbs in the transplanted group ( n = 7). None of the rats in the control group had functional improvement and no MEPs recorded ( n = 7 ). Numerous regenerating axons were observed through the transplantation and continued to regenerate into the denervated host tract. Cell labelling using anti-Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) and anti-Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (anti-NGFR) indicated that the regenerated axons were derived from the appropriate neuronal source and that donor cells migrated into the denervated host tract. But axonal degeneration existed and regenerating axons were not observed within the spinalcords of the adult rats with only D/F-12 injection. Conclusions: The axonal regeneration in the transected adult rat spinal cord is possible after eusheathing cells transplantation.     

Right-lobe live donor liver transplantation improves survival of patients with acute liver failure

BACKGROUND: Right-lobe live donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is used by many liver transplant centres for treating adult patients with terminal liver disease, but its incremental benefit for the intended recipient over cadaveric liver graft transplantation has not been determined. The impact of LDLT as a proactive approach on the outcome of patients with acute liver failure was analysed. METHODS: From January 1999 to March 2001, right-lobe LDLT was offered proactively to 50 consecutive patients with acute liver failure and their families. The outcome of those who opted for right-lobe LDLT (n = 34) was compared with that of those who did not opt for LDLT (n = 16). RESULTS: In the group that opted for right-lobe LDLT, 16 patients eventually received a live donor right-lobe graft (14 patients survived) and three patients received a cadaveric liver graft that became available while the potential live donor was undergoing evaluation (all three patients survived). Among the group who did not opt for LDLT, only one patient received a cadaveric liver graft and survived. The former group had a higher overall survival rate (17 of 34 versus one of 16). With a proactive approach, the overall transplant rate was increased from four of 50 to 20 of 50. The morbidity rate among donors was low and none died. CONCLUSION: Right-lobe LDLT improves the overall survival rate of patients with acute liver failure and should be considered as one of the treatment options for adult patients with acute liver failure.     

裸鼠原位种植大肠癌肝转移三种建模方法的比较

Objective To establish and compare three orthotopic implantation nude mice models of colorectal cancer metastasis to liver. Methods Human SW1116 cell line was inoculated into 5 BALB/ C nude mice. Eighty-four nude mice were divided equally into pouch, fibrin glue, 1×106 cell and 1 × 105 cell microinjection groups. After animals were killed, the metastasis of cancer in situ, the liver, the lung, the spleen, the pancreas, and the mesentery was observed under the microscopy after HE staining. Results The metastasis rate in groups of pouch, fibrin glue, 1×1106 cell and 1×105 cell microinjection was 100% , 100% , 50. 0% and 14. 3% respectively. The liver metastasis tumor in fibrin glue group was bigger than other groups. HE staining indicated that the liver metastasis tumor was derived from colon tumor. Conclusion Among the three orthotopic implantation nude mice models of colorectal cancer metastasis to liver, the fibrin glue method has a high success rate of operation, a high metastasis rate of the liver, and is simple to manipulate.     

经尿道选择性绿激光汽化术治疗前列腺增生伴膀胱结石(附26例病例报告)

目的 探讨经尿道选择性绿激光汽化术(PVP)治疗前列腺增生伴膀胱结石的簧全性和疗效.方法 采用经尿道绿激光治疗26例前列腺增生伴膀胱结石怠者.年龄为66～84岁,平均78岁,通过前列腺体积、结石大小、前列腺特畀性抗原(PSA)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率以及手术时间、出血量、术后持续膀胱冲洗时间、留置导尿管时间、手术并发症等多种因素进行综合评估.结果 26例手术均获成功.平均手术时间(115.6±9.3)min(范围100～180rain).无明显出血,其中20例尿色清术后来行膀胱冲洗,6例持续膀胱冲洗24h,尿管留置时间平均(48.6±22.8)小时(范围,24～72h).平均最大尿流率从(6.4±2.2)ml／s增加到(19.5±2.3)ml／s,平均IPSS和QOL也降至5.6±1.7和1.6±0.5,较术前有明显改善,且有统计学意义(P<0 05).1个月后行尿道按摩,术后随访3～5个月,所有怠者术后均未出现明显并发症.结论 PVP治疗前列腺增生伴膀胱结石,具有万使,簧全,出血少,康复快,创伤小,手术并发症小,且疗效确切.     

脊髓型颈椎病手功能评价

[目的]评价脊髓型颈椎病患者双手功能障碍程度。[方法]明确诊断为脊髓型颈椎病患者131例按年龄30~49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁、70~79岁进行分组,选择年龄、性别及例数均匹配的健康成年人为对照组,采用Duru z′s Hand Index(DHI)手部功能指数评分法对疾病组及对照组双手功能进行定量评分。患者颈椎病严重程度评价采用改良JOA评分。采用SPSS13.0统计软件对疾病组及对照组左右手功能评分进行对比统计分析,对患者手部功能评分及JOA评分进行Pearson相关分析,检验水准α=0.05。[结果]年龄由低至高4组中,DHI评分均值在Con-trol及CSM组分别为88.6±1.0、82.1±5.6;86.3±1.8、80.2±4.3;80.8±4.8、71.9±6.6;79.4±6.3、62.5±7.4,CSM组DHI评分显著低于对照组,在各年龄组左右手评分及均值二者差异均具有统计学意义(P0.001)。CSM组JOA评分在各年龄组分别为13.0±1.8、12.4±1.7、11.7±1.4、10.3±1.4,JOA评分与DHI评分Pearson相关系数分别为0.558、0.497、0.459、0.482(P0.05),二者具有相关性。[结论]Duru z手部功能指数能较客观并定量地评价脊髓型颈椎病手部功能障碍程度。脊髓型颈椎病患者手部功能较正常人明显降低,并与脊髓型颈椎病的严重程度密切相关。     

Review: The role of microRNAs in kidney disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that modulate physiological and pathological processes by inhibiting target gene expression via blockade of protein translation or by inducing mRNA degradation. These miRNAs potentially regulate the expression of thousands of proteins. As a result, miRNAs have emerged rapidly as a major new area of biomedical research with relevance to kidney disease. MiRNA expression has been shown to differ between the kidney and other organs as well as between different kidney regions. Furthermore, miRNAs have been found to be functionally important in models of podocyte development, diabetic nephropathy and polycystic kidney disease. Of particular interest, podocyte-specific deletion of Dicer, a key enzyme in the biogenesis of miRNA, results in proteinuria and severe renal impairment in mice. One miRNA (miR-192) can also act as an effector of transforming growth factor-β activity in the high-glucose environment of diabetic nephropathy. Differential expression of miRNAs has been reported in kidney allograft rejection. It is anticipated that future studies involving miRNAs will generate new insights into the complex pathophysiology underlying various kidney diseases, generate diagnostic biomarkers and might be of value as therapeutic targets for progressive kidney diseases. The purpose of this review is to highlight key miRNA developments in kidney diseases and how this might influence the diagnosis and management of patients with kidney disease in the future.     

CPPS患者前列腺液细菌16SrRNA基因及白细胞数与临床疗效的相关性研究

目的 探讨应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(CPPS)患者前列腺液中细菌16SrRNA基因,并常规检查患者前列腺液中白细胞的数目,与CPPS患者的临床治疗效果做相关性分析.方法 以细菌16SrRNA基因为靶序列,设计引物及寡核苷酸探针,采用PCR法检测标准菌株及135例CPPS患者前列腺液中细菌16SrRNA基因,结合患者前列腺液中白细胞的数目进行对比分析.结果 135例CPPS患者中细菌16SrRNA基因检测结果阳性为78例,阳性率为57.78%.细菌16SrRNA基因阳性组患者经抗生素治疗的有效率84.6%,阴性组有效率52.6%;细菌16SrRNA基因阳性组患者疗效明显优于阴性组.按白细胞数分组疗效比较,不同组间疗效没有差异.结论 大部分CPPS患者的前列腺液中可以检测到细菌16SrRNA基因,提示细菌感染在CPPS的发病中有重要作用.但是,其前列腺液中白细胞数目对CPPS患者判断病情、估计预后无统计学意义.     

Alport综合征诊断与治疗研究进展

Alpon综合征是一种以进行性肾功能减退和肾小球基底膜结构异常伴有神经性耳聋和眼部病变为临床特征的遗传性肾病.编码Ⅳ型胶原α3、α4、α5链的基因突变与这一疾病有关.肾小球基底膜的超微结构变化与肾和皮肤基底膜的Ⅳ型胶原链的频繁的异常表达是Alport综合征诊断关键.动物模型提供了宝贵的工具来提供各种实验数据,并评估潜在的治疗方案的好处.本文将上述研究进展简要综述.     

Typical carcinoids and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the stomach: differing clinical courses and prognoses

Background

Gastric endocrine tumors are usually classified as 3 types of well-differentiated endocrine tumors (typical carcinoids or carcinoids) and poorly differentiated carcinomas (neuroendocrine carcinomas [NECs]).

Methods

From 1993 to 2008, 97 patients (73 men and 24 women) were diagnosed with gastric neuroendocrine tumors at the Asan Medical Center.

Results

Of the 45 patients with typical carcinoids, 37 underwent surgery (eg, endoscopic resection). Of the 52 patients with NECs, 43 underwent surgery (eg, radical gastrectomy). One patient died of recurrence of the typical carcinoids, whereas 26 patients with NECs died of related diseases (P < .05). The rates of survival and recurrence did not significantly differ by type of typical carcinoid (P > .05).

Conclusions

Regardless of the type, carcinoids that are not yet advanced can be effectively treated with minimal endoscopic or laparoscopic surgery. However, all NECs and advanced carcinoids should be treated with radical gastrectomy.