Clinical profile of STD clinic patients seropositive for HIV antibodies

This article provides clinical profiles for HIV seropositive patients discovered at an STD clinic in Tirupati, India. Considering that sexual contact is the most common mode of transmission of HIV, researchers from the SV Medical College at Tirupati conducted a surveillance for HIV infection among patients attending an STD clinic. From January 1988 to April 1989, the researchers collected serum samples from 2320 patients. 11 people were found to be infected with HIV, 1 of whom exhibited the AIDS Related Complex (ARC). 9 out the HIV-infected patients were 20-30 year-old males categorized as heterosexually promiscuous; the remaining 2 seropositive patients were female prostitutes. The seropositivity rate among heterosexually promiscuous males was 0.58%, and 6.7% among female prostitutes (the total seropositivity rate was 0.47%). Among the HIV-infected patients, the most commonly associated STD was syphilis. 5 of the patients had syphilis alone, and 2 others had syphilis and another STD. One of the HIV-infected patients, a 50 year-old heterosexual male with a history of multiple partners, suffered from a nonhealing genital ulcer and inguinal buboes of 1 month duration. A biopsy of the genital ulcer revealed a pattern consistent with that of granuloma venereum. He also developed angular stomatitis which did not respond to B complex therapy. Furthermore, suffering from persistent lymphadenopathy, weight loss, slight thrombo-cytopenia, an opportunistic infection in the form of oral candidosis and persistent seropositivity for HIV antibodies, the patient was deemed to have the AIDS Related Complex. Tirupati's seropositivity rate of .47% was higher that noticed in other parts of the country, leading the authors call for a plan to investigate the problems of HIV-infected people.     

复方烧伤喷雾剂的药效学研究

目的：研究以乙酸乙酯为主要溶媒的复方烧伤喷雾的药效学。方法：用烧伤创面感染常见的金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓假单胞菌、大肠埃希氏菌、普通变形杆菌做豚鼠烧伤感染模型,并用复方烧伤喷雾剂治疗,结果：复方烧伤喷雾剂可促进豚鼠Ⅱ度烧伤创面的愈合,并具有显著的烧伤创面抗感染作用。结论：乙酸乙酯可作为某些中药有效成分的优良提取溶剂。     

Comparison of patient satisfaction with services of Vision Centers in rural areas of Andhra Pradesh, India

Aim:

To compare the satisfaction of patients with the services of Vision Center services (primary eye care) in large village (s) and small village (s) in rural settings in Andhra Pradesh state, India.

Materials and Methods:

We have administered standard questionnaires to randomly selected patients to assess patient satisfaction when assessing Vision Center Services. We used the Chi-square (P <0.05) to explore differences in satisfaction of patients with Vision Center services located in the large village (s) and small village (s) rural settings.

Results:

Vision Center patients at the large village (s) expressed higher levels of satisfaction (median 78%) than patients treated at the Vision Center at small village (s) (median 69%). The difference was statistically significant (Chi square P value ranging from <0.001 to 0.03) for all the items except two – ‘easy to identify vision center location’ and ‘spectacles dispensing time’ as compared to other (privately run optometry) facilities (Chi square P value=0.498 and 0.993 respectively). The location of the Vision Center, convenience of journey, ophthalmic technician’s behavior with patients, are some of the most important factors that determined the patient perception about Vision Center services.

Conclusion:

The overall satisfaction levels of the Vision Center experience at 78% and 69% were good. However, continual improvement is to be made in service time, staff performance, cost and quality of vision care, especially at more remote primary eye Care Centers.     

沙苑子化学成分研究

从沙苑子80%的乙醇提取物中,首次分得八个化合物。其中沙苑子新甙(neocomplanoside,Ⅶ)和沙苑子杨梅甙(myricomplanoside,Ⅷ)为两个新的黄酮类化合物,其它六个为已知成分。     

In vivo evaluation of guar gum-based colon-targeted drug delivery systems of ornidazole in healthy human volunteers

The aim of the present study was to find the in vivo performance of guar gum-based colon-targeted tablets of ornidazole (dose 250 mg) in comparison with an immediate release tablet of ornidazole (250 mg) in human volunteers. Six healthy volunteers participated in the study, and a cross over design was followed. The plasma concentration of ornidazole was estimated by HPLC. The immediate release tablets of ornidazole produced peak plasma concentration (Cmax of 2171.33+/-278.15 ng/ml) at 2.91+/-0.14 h (Tmax) whereas colon-targeted tablets produced peak plasma concentration (Cmax of 1716.66+/-125.83 ng/ml) at 11.91+/-0.14 h. The delayed Tmax, decreased Cmax, and decreased ka of ornidazole from guar gum-based colon-targeted ornidazole tablets, in comparison with the immediate tablets, indicated that the drug was not released in stomach and small intestine, but targeted to colon. Slow absorption of ornidazole from the less absorptive colon might result in the availability of drug for local action in the colon.