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排序方式: 共有808条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Oztuna V Ersöz G Ayan I Eskandari MM Uğuz K Kuyurtar F 《Journal of orthopaedic trauma》2004,18(2):92-95
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether long bone fractures cause bacterial translocation and to investigate the effect of concomitant head trauma on this process. DESIGN: An in vivo animal model. SETTING: Animal Laboratory, University of Mersin School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey. SUBJECTS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 60). INTERVENTION: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: (1). anesthesia only (control group, n = 12); (2). anesthesia and tibia fracture (n = 12); (3). anesthesia, tibia fracture, and femur fracture (n = 12); (4). anesthesia, tibia fracture, femur fracture, and moderate head trauma (n = 12); and (5). moderate head trauma only (n = 12). After 24 hours, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, ileum, and systemic blood samples were quantitatively cultured for aerobic organisms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Colony-forming unit per gram for bacteria count. RESULTS: The incidence of bacterial translocation was higher in groups that had fractures (4/12 in group 2; 5/12 in group 3) than in the control group (2/12); however, this did not reach statistical significance. There was a significant increase in the number of subjects with bacterial translocation in group 4 (9/12) compared with the control group and group 5 (3/12) (P = 0.0123, P = 0.0391). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple fractures of long bones associated with head injury promote bacterial translocation. 相似文献
42.
Impact of ureteral stent diameter on symptoms and tolerability 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Indwelling double-pigtail ureteral stents are frequently associated with debilitating symptoms. A randomized study was performed to evaluate the effect of stent diameter (4.7F v. 6F) on symptoms and tolerability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between February and October 2000, 46 consecutive patients undergoing ureteroscopy for stone disease were randomly assigned to receive either a 4.7F (group I) or a 6F (group II) ureteral stent following the procedure. The patients were asked to leave their stents in place for minimum of 7 days. Pain and irritative urinary symptoms in the two groups were compared according to a scale ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (severe). The two groups were also compared for stone size and location, rigid v. flexible ureteroscopy, anesthesia, stent migration, and ureteral dilation. RESULTS: There were no differences between the groups in terms of pain (P = 0.28) or irritative symptoms (P = 0.37). There was a tendency for stents in group I to migrate distally and dislodge more often than those in group II (32% v 10%). CONCLUSIONS: When stent insertion following ureteroscopy is deemed necessary, a minimum diameter of 6F is recommended. 相似文献
43.
Convective distribution of macromolecules in the primate brain demonstrated using computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nguyen TT Pannu YS Sung C Dedrick RL Walbridge S Brechbiel MW Garmestani K Beitzel M Yordanov AT Oldfield EH 《Journal of neurosurgery》2003,98(3):584-590
OBJECT: Convection-enhanced delivery (CED), the delivery and distribution of drugs by the slow bulk movement of fluid in the extracellular space, allows delivery of therapeutic agents to large volumes of the brain at relatively uniform concentrations. This mode of drug delivery offers great potential for the treatment of many neurological disorders, including brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and seizure disorders. An analysis of the treatment efficacy and toxicity of this approach requires confirmation that the infusion is distributed to the targeted region and that the drug concentrations are in the therapeutic range. METHODS: To confirm accurate delivery of therapeutic agents during CED and to monitor the extent of infusion in real time, albumin-linked surrogate tracers that are visible on images obtained using noninvasive techniques (iopanoic acid [IPA] for computerized tomography [CT] and Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid for magnetic resonance [MR] imaging) were developed and investigated for their usefulness as surrogate tracers during convective distribution of a macromolecule. The authors infused albumin-linked tracers into the cerebral hemispheres of monkeys and measured the volumes of distribution by using CT and MR imaging. The distribution volumes measured by imaging were compared with tissue volumes measured using quantitative autoradiography with [14C]bovine serum albumin coinfused with the surrogate tracer. For in vivo determination of tracer concentration, the authors examined the correlation between the concentration of the tracer in brain homogenate standards and CT Hounsfield units. They also investigated the long-term effects of the surrogate tracer for CT scanning, IPA-albumin, on animal behavior, the histological characteristics of the tissue, and parenchymal toxicity after cerebral infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of a macromolecule to clinically significant volumes in the brain is possible using convection. The spatial dimensions of the tissue distribution can be accurately defined in vivo during infusion by using surrogate tracers and conventional imaging techniques, and it is expected that it will be possible to determine local concentrations of surrogate tracers in voxels of tissue in vivo by using CT scanning. Use of imaging surrogate tracers is a practical, safe, and essential tool for establishing treatment volumes during high-flow interstitial microinfusion of the central nervous system. 相似文献
44.
Morphometry of the anterior third ventricle region as a guide for the subfrontal (translaminaterminalis) approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The anterior third ventricle region acquires clinical significance in benign and malignant tumors and cyst formations, of
which craniopharyngiomas and gliomas are the most common. The subfrontal approach is one of the most preferred approaches
for removing these tumors. In this study, the microsurgical anatomy of 81 Turkish, adult cadaveric hemispheres was examined
to provide morphometric data of the region. These measurements from the anterior third ventricle region serve as a guide for
neurosurgeons during surgical approach for removing anterior third ventricle tumors. 相似文献
45.
The relation between tooth loss and bone mass in postmenopausal osteoporotic women in Turkey: a multicenter study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gur A Nas K Kayhan O Atay MB Akyuz G Sindal D Akşit R Oncel S Dilsen G Cevik R Gunduz OH Ersoy Y Altay Z Ozturk C Akkus S Senocak O Kavuncu V Kirnap M Tekeoglu I Erdogan F Sarac AJ Demiralp L Demirkesen A Adam M 《Journal of bone and mineral metabolism》2003,21(1):43-47
The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of tooth loss with skeletal bone mass, years since menopause,
educational level, current smoking status, dietary calcium intake, and number of pregnancies in postmenopausal osteoporotic
women in Turkey. The study population consisted of 1171 postmenopausal women aged 40–86 years (mean age, 61.19 ± 7.28 years).
A detailed history was obtained from all women, including relevant lifestyle parameters, risk factors, and measurements of
weight and height. Women were separated into three groups according to the number of teeth remaining as group 1 (edentulous,
457 women), group 2 (10 or fewer teeth, 232 women), and group 3 (more than 10 teeth remaining, 482 women). There was no significant
difference among the three groups in mean age and menopausal age (P < 0.05). Body mass index of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 2 (P < 0.01). Educational level was significantly different between three groups: groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.001), groups 1 and 3 (P < 0.0001), and groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). Educational level was lowest in group 1 and highest in group 3. Despite a low ratio of cigarette smoking in general,
a smoking habit was most prevalent in group 3 and least in group 2. The ratio of women receiving adequate calcium was significantly
lower in group 1 than in other groups (P < 0.001); mean calcium intake was similar in all groups. The number of pregnancies was significantly higher in group 1 than
in other groups (P < 0.001). Lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) of group 1 was significantly lower than that of groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). Although no significant difference was found between groups 1 and 3, femoral neck BMD of group 2 was less than in
others, and differences between groups 1 and 2 and between groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001) were significant. Lumbar bone mineral content (BMC) of group 1 was significantly lower than that of groups 2 and
3 (P < 0.001), and lumbar BMC in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 3 (P < 0.05). Femoral neck BMC in group 1 was significantly higher than in groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, lumbar BMD and BMC in the edentulous group were significantly lower, whereas femoral neck BMD and
BMC were significantly higher in edentulous group compared with the others. Our findings indicated that improvement in lifestyle
factors and nutritional strategies for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis may have additional benefit in reducing
tooth loss.
Received: February 18, 2002 / Accepted: June 21, 2002
Offprint requests to: A. Gur 相似文献
46.
Varga EM Nouri-Aria K Till SJ Durham SR 《Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy》2003,2(1):31-46
Over the last decades the prevalence of allergic disorders, such as hayfever and asthma has increased worldwide, mostly in westernised countries where up to 20 % of the population are affected. The "hygiene hypothesis" suggests that modernised lifestyles such as improved housing conditions, altered dietary habits and smaller family sizes may be responsible for the decrease in infectious and the increase in allergic diseases. Childhood atopic diseases, like eczema, food allergies and recurrent wheezy bronchitis represent a considerable health problem and a major socioeconomic burden due to the chronicity of these disorders. In recent years, a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of allergic diseases has evolved, which has contributed to the development of novel more targeted forms of therapy. Allergen injection immunotherapy is the only treatment in current use with the potential for modifying the course of allergic disease. In order to better target mucosal allergies, new approaches of administering allergen, via the sublingual or intranasal route, are being developed. The use of modified allergens, allergen peptides, DNA immunization and the use of novel adjuvants represent alternatives to conventional immunotherapy with potential for improved efficacy with less side effects. For atopic asthma, novel treatment strategies aim at locally targeting inflamed airways. Nebulized monoclonal blocking antibodies and soluble interleukin receptors against "Th(2)-type" cytokines have been designed. An alternative approach has been the administration of "Th(1) -type" cytokines. Although, immunomodulatory strategies provide a promising outlook for the treatment of allergic patients, more studies are needed in the future to address issues of efficacy, safety and long-term effects of altered immune responses. 相似文献
47.
48.
Joseph JV Madeb R Leung YY Patel HR Erturk E 《Hospital medicine (London, England : 1998)》2003,64(7):411-415
Urological laparoscopic techniques have received great attention in the past decade. With the development of improved laparoscopic instrumentation, approaches to kidney and prostatic diseases have been successfully performed. Laparoscopic nephrectomy and prostatectomy are discussed. Awareness of these evolving technologies is critical for all surgeons with an interest in laparoscopy. 相似文献
49.
Jennifer Gordetsky Sean Hislop Mark Orloff Melanie Butler Erdal Erturk 《Canadian Urological Association journal》2008,2(1):61-63
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a well-established, safe and effective therapeutic modality for surgical treatment of urolithiasis. Hematoma is a rare complication of ESWL and, when it occurs, typically involves the kidney. We report the case of a 71-year-old woman who developed severe, persistent abdominal pain after ESWL for a 9-mm stone at the ureteropelvic junction. Post-treatment CT scan demonstrated a 13 × 6–cm subcapsular hepatic hematoma. A follow-up CT scan showed expansion of the hematoma and development of hepatic vein thrombosis. This finding, along with persistent abdominal pain and rising liver transaminases, led to surgical intervention. The patient''s symptoms resolved and liver function returned to baseline following liver decompression. 相似文献
50.