A Tannic Acid-Based Medical Food, Cesinex?, Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antidiarrheal Properties: A Mechanistic and Clinical Study

Background  

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a tannic acid-based medical food, Cesinex^?, in the treatment of diarrhea and to investigate the mechanisms underlying its antidiarrheal effect.     

Validation of a short food frequency questionnaire to evaluate nutritional lifestyles in hypercholesterolemic patients

ObjectivesThe purpose of our study was to develop and validate a short food frequency questionnaire which could assess the nutritional lifestyles of hypercholesterolemic patients consulting in daily practice.Material and methodsThe questionnaire explores 11 nutrient categories. Hundred and thirty-one patients were recruited for the construct validity and 58 patients for the external validity in La Pitié Hospital, Paris. The reference method used was the diet history. To measure the internal consistency and to test the sensibility to change on a large scale, the questionnaire was used in an observational study conducted in Spain in 1048 moderate hypercholesterolemic patients. Psychometric analyses included construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, external validity and sensibility to change.ResultsValidation of the questionnaire indicated a good internal consistency (Cronbach Coefficient Alpha at 0.69) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.89). The correlation between the scores of the FFQ and those of the diet history was significant with a Pearson correlation coefficient at 0.3 (P = 0.029). The comparison between the ranking of the patients showed an agreement of 72% with a kappa of 0.48 [0.10; 0.69]. The sensibility to change was good with a score evolution improving one and four months after nutrition advices: 28.2% of patients ranked in group 1 at inclusion versus 61.3% (P < 0.0001) at one month and 75.2% (P < 0.0001) at four months.ConclusionIn conclusion, we developed and validated a food questionnaire for hypercholesterolemic patients, which can be used as a therapeutic education tool in daily practice or in clinical research.     

锥形束CT诊断上颌前牙区多生牙价值研究

目的回顾性分析锥形束CT（CBCT）在上颌前牙区多生牙诊断及定位中的价值。方法以经CBCT确诊为上颌前牙区多生牙的146例患者的195颗多生牙为研究对象,分析多生牙的数目、形态、大小、空间位置、生长方向及其与邻近组织的关系。结果146例患者年龄5~39岁,男女比例为2.95∶1, 其中102例（69.9%）为单颗多生牙。195
颗多生牙的长度平均为（11.97±2.40）mm,其中,126颗（64.6%）位于中线区,131颗（67.2%）为圆锥形,51颗（26.2%）牙根弯曲,98颗（50.3%）牙冠生长方向倒置,133颗（68.2%）与邻近恒牙或恒牙胚有接触,恒牙牙列常伴有各种异常。结论多生牙空间位置变异大,可引起恒牙列病变。CBCT检查能精确直观地显示上颌前牙区多生牙及其与周围组织关系,对多生牙的诊断及定位具有重要的指导意义。     

儿童前牙区牙槽骨和基骨骨密度的锥形束CT测量

目的评估儿童前牙区上下颌牙槽骨和基骨的骨密度。方法选择138例患者的锥形束CT扫描图像,以亨斯菲尔德单位(X线衰减单位Hu)来测定其上下颌切牙区、尖牙区牙槽嵴和基骨骨密质及骨松质的骨密度。结果上颌切牙区左右两侧相同部位间的骨密度值相比较,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05);下颌切牙区左右两侧相同部位的骨密度值相比较,基骨区舌侧骨密质的骨密度值差异有统计学意义(P=0.012);上颌尖牙区左右两侧相同部位的骨密度值相比较,差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05);下颌尖牙区左右两侧相同部位的骨密度值相比较,牙槽骨和基骨区骨松质的骨密度值差异有统计学意义,P值分别为0.046和0.002。结论本研究可为前牙区微螺旋种植体植入位置和方法提供一定的数据。     

下颌第三磨牙近中阻生相关因素的头影测量分析

目的探讨成人下颌第三磨牙(M3)近中向阻生或萌出的机制及其与颌骨发育的关系。方法选取72例正畸患者为研究对象,术前拍摄全景X线片和头颅定位侧位片。通过全景X线片观察下颌M3阻生或萌出的情况,将其分为阻生组和萌出组,并对其X线头颅侧位片进行头影测量分析。结果阻生组与萌出组的下颌体长度(Go-Po’)、下颌支宽度(W)、下颌平面角(MP-FH)、前下面高(ANS-Me)、下颌支长度与下颌骨长度的比值(Co-Go/Co-Po)的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),阻生组的W、Co-Go/Co-Po大于萌出组,而Go-Po’、ANS-Me、MP-FH小于萌出组。两组间的Co-Po、Co-Go、上下中切牙角、上牙槽座点-鼻根点-下牙槽座点角的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论下颌M3的近中向阻生和萌出可能与下颌的旋转生长及面部生长型有关,下颌向前旋转和短面型患者的下颌M3更易发生近中向阻生。     

成都地区12岁青少年第三磨牙发育的X线分析

目的通过全景片分析成都地区12岁青少年第三磨牙(M3)的发育情况。方法随机抽取四川大学华西口腔医院影像资料库12岁青少年的全景片449张,根据观察的结果将M3的发育状况进行分级统计,分析不同性别以及上下颌骨和两侧颌骨M3的发育情况。结果 12岁青少年M3的发育情况为:大部分牙冠已钙化,牙冠呈帽状,而且男性与女性的发育情况差别不明显。大部分下颌M3较上颌M3发育得更早,左右两侧M3分别占60.69%和64.25%。上颌M3以垂直向生长为主,下颌M3以近中向生长为主。结论 12岁青少年M3牙冠大部分已经钙化,下颌发育早于上颌。