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91.
Based upon detailed dissections of the lymphatic system in adult cadavers, the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder was divided
into three pathways: (1) The cholecystoretropancreatic pathway, which had two routes, one running spirally from the anterior
surface of the common bile duct to the right rear, and the other running almost straight down from the posterior surface of
the common bile duct. These routes converged at the principal retroportal node at the posterior surface of the head of the
pancreas. (2) The cholecysto-celiac pathway; this was the route running to the left through the hepatoduodenal ligament to
reach the celiac nodes. (3) The cholecysto-mesenteric pathway; this was the route running to the left in front of the portal
vein to connect with the nodes at the superior mesenteric root. The cholecysto-retropancreatic pathway can be regarded as
the main pathway, and the principal retroportal node appeared to be critical as the main terminal node in the visceral lymphatic
system of the gallbladder. These three pathways converged with the abdomino-aortic lymph nodes near the left renal vein, and
the nodes in the interaortico-caval space were considered to be of particular importance.
Offprint requests to: M. Ito 相似文献
92.
93.
Daisuke Morioka Mureo Kasahara Yasutsugu Takada Yasumasa Shirouzu Kaoru Taira Seisuke Sakamoto Kenji Uryuhara Hiroto Egawa Hiroshi Shimada Koichi Tanaka 《Liver transplantation》2005,11(11):1332-1342
To address the current role of liver transplantation (LT) for urea cycle disorders (UCDs), we reviewed the worldwide English literature on the outcomes of LT for UCD as well as 13 of our own cases of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for UCD. The total number of cases was 51, including our 13 cases. The overall cumulative patient survival rate is presumed to be more than 90% at 5 years. Most of the surviving patients under consideration are currently doing well with satisfactory quality of life. One advantage of LDLT over deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) is the opportunity to schedule surgery, which beneficially affects neurological consequences. Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) is no longer considered significant for the establishment of gene therapies or hepatocyte transplantation but plays a significant role in improving living liver donor safety; this is achieved by reducing the extent of the hepatectomy, which avoids right liver donation. Employing heterozygous carriers of the UCDs as donors in LDLT was generally acceptable. However, male hemizygotes with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) must be excluded from donor candidacy because of the potential risk of sudden-onset fatal hyperammonemia. Given this possibility as well as the necessity of identifying heterozygotes for other disorders, enzymatic and/or genetic assays of the liver tissues in cases of UCDs are essential to elucidate the impact of using heterozygous carrier donors on the risk or safety of LDLT donor-recipient pairs. In conclusion, LT should be considered to be the definitive treatment for UCDs at this stage, although some issues remain unresolved. 相似文献
94.
Seiya Kikuchi Akira Ingu Masayoshi Ito 《Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2005,11(5):320-323
We report an 18-month-old boy with the association of pectus excavatum and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). We successfully performed simultaneous pectus repair using sternal elevation without any prosthetic support and total correction of TOF after a prior modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. Retracting a divided costo-sternal complex with a rectus abdominal flap away from the operative field before the cardiac operation provided excellent surgical exposure. The modified Blalock-Taussig shunt prior to the combined repair prevented life-threatening hypoxic spells during dissection of the deformed sternum and costochondral cartilages before institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. 相似文献
95.
Akio Tanaka Motoyoshi Okamoto Dai Yoshizawa Shigeru Ito Patricia González Alva Fumio Ide Kaoru Kusama 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》2007,36(7):400-404
BACKGROUND: Although it has been reported that ghost cells are present in odontomas, the generation mechanism of these cells is unclear. To evaluate the presence of ghost cells and involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway, we examined the expression of hard keratins, beta-catenin and Lef-1 in odontomas. METHODS: Sixty-nine cases of odontoma were examined immunohistochemically with the use of antibodies against human hair proteins, beta-catenin and Lef-1. RESULTS: Expression of hard keratins was found only in the cytoplasm of ghost cells in 46 (66.7%) of the 69 odontomas. Compound odontomas (78.8%) showed a higher incidence of ghost cells than complex odontomas (29.4%). Histopathologically, ghost cells were found within odontogenic epithelium adjacent to immature enamel and in the centre of Liesegang-ring-like calcified materials. Expression of beta-catenin and Lef-1 was observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of odontogenic epithelial cells adjacent to the ghost cells in immature odontomas. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that odontoma is a hard keratin-expressing tumor-like lesion, and that the Wnt signaling pathway may be involved in the formation of ghost cells in odontomas. 相似文献
96.
An attempt was made to detect a pancreatic tumor antigen (PTA) in transplantable pancreatic adenocarcinomas induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) in hamsters. Antibody against antigenic protein was raised by immunizing rabbits with whole homogenate of the tumors transplanted into the back of hamsters. PTA was purified by affinity chromatography and shown to have the physicochemical properties of a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 800,000, migrating in the beta regions upon agarose gel electrophoresis. Loss of immunological properties was observed after heating at 65 degrees C for 30 min. Enzyme immunoassay revealed that the levels of PTA in the serum and tissue showed a positive correlation with the induction of the presence of tumor, and size of the tumor. It is tentatively suggested that PTA values above 150 ng/ml serum are indicators of tumors, because in normal hamsters the PTA range is from 25 to 130 ng/ml serum. Immunohistochemically, PTA was demonstrated to be localized within the cytoplasm of epithelial tumor cells of well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas. 相似文献
97.
Toshihiro Kawamura Hiroshi Motoyama Atsushi Yanaihara Takeshi Yorimitsu Akane Arichi Yasuhiro Karasawa Kahori Suga Kaoru Miya Seika Ishikawa Shiho Mizushima Makiko Kawamura 《Reproductive Medicine and Biology》2007,6(1):53-57
Aim: To compare the clinical outcomes of cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer among patients with a normal menstrual cycle who had natural or hormone-replacement cycles.
Methods: From January 2004 to June 2006, cryopreserved embryos following conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were thawed and transferred in a total of 720 natural cycles and 136 hormone-replacement cycles.
Results: Cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer in patients who had a natural or hormone-replacement cycle resulted in clinical pregnancy in 43.1% and 40.4%, respectively; a rate of miscarriage of 14.5% and 23.6%, respectively; and a rate of ongoing pregnancy and delivery of 36.5% and 30.9%, respectively. None of these differences were statistically significant.
Conclusions: Patients with a normal menstrual cycle who have natural or hormone-replacement cycles can be expected to have comparable clinical outcomes with cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer. (Reprod Med Biol 2007; 6 : 53–57) 相似文献
Methods: From January 2004 to June 2006, cryopreserved embryos following conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were thawed and transferred in a total of 720 natural cycles and 136 hormone-replacement cycles.
Results: Cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer in patients who had a natural or hormone-replacement cycle resulted in clinical pregnancy in 43.1% and 40.4%, respectively; a rate of miscarriage of 14.5% and 23.6%, respectively; and a rate of ongoing pregnancy and delivery of 36.5% and 30.9%, respectively. None of these differences were statistically significant.
Conclusions: Patients with a normal menstrual cycle who have natural or hormone-replacement cycles can be expected to have comparable clinical outcomes with cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer. (Reprod Med Biol 2007; 6 : 53–57) 相似文献
98.
The neural control of smooth muscle cells in the corpus spongiosum, helicine artery and bulbus glandis of the dog was investigated in relation to the mechanism involved in erection, using isometric tension recording and micro-electrode methods. In the corpus spongiosum, field stimulation evoked twitch-like contractions followed by relaxations. These relaxations were enhanced and prolonged by neostigmine and partly suppressed by atropine. Guanethidine abolished the twitch-like contractions and increased muscle tone. The relaxations observed after pre-treatment with guanethidine were abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX), thereby indicating that these muscles are innervated by adrenergic excitatory, cholinergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves. In the helicine artery and bulbus glandis, field stimulation evoked contractions and these contractions were abolished by guanethidine or TTX, indicating that these muscles are innervated by adrenergic excitatory nerve fibres. After pre-treatment with guanethidine and atropine, muscle relaxation appeared in response to field stimulation in the helicine artery but not in the bulbus glandis, indicating that the helicine artery in the corpus spongiosum is also innervated by non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves in addition to the excitatory adrenergic nerves. In the smooth muscle cells of the corpus spongiosum, slow potential changes were correlated with spontaneous contractions and field stimulation evoked excitatory or inhibitory junction potentials. The neural mechanism involved in erection is discussed in relation to the topical difference in the autonomic innervation patterns in the corpus spongiosum, helicine artery and bulbus glandis. 相似文献
99.
100.
Takashi Ito Ryuji Sakakibara MD Tatsuya Yamamoto Tomoyuki Uchiyama Zhi Liu Masato Asahina Morihiro Higashi Kimihito Arai Shoichi Ito Yusuke Awa Kaori Yamamoto Mika Kinou Tomonori Yamanishi Takamichi Hattori 《Clinical autonomic research》2006,16(1):66-71
Abstract Uro-neurological assessment was performed in four patients with small-fiber neuropathy due to amyloidosis (2 transthyretin-type/2
immunoglobulin light-chain-type). Voiding difficulties were due to detrusor weakness and impaired bladder sensation. In two
patients cholinesterase inhibition treatment caused urge incontinence, indicating detrusor denervation supersensitivity. The
underlying mechanisms of urinary dysfunction seem to involve postganglionic cholinergic and afferent somatic nerves. 相似文献