儿童疾病单病种质量管理体系的研究

在总结分析武汉地区儿童疾病结构用度春诊疗规律的基础上,运用现代医院全面质量管理的理论,建立了以儿科常见病、多发 为主,兼纳部分专科疾病的２４个儿童疾病单病种质量控制标准及规范的组织管理和考核评价第统。形成以增强病种质量控制能力为核心的儿童疾病单病种质量管理体系。该管理体系运用后,医院医疗质量管理水平和社会、经济效益得到了同步提高,并了医务人员的医疗行为,使医院步入优质、低砂和高效的运营轨道。     

天津市某工业区大气污染对儿童健康影响的研究

为探讨天津市区大气污染对儿童健康的影响,于１９９５年１０－１１月对天津市某工业区对对照区进行了充行病学调查。调查对象为７－１２岁儿童,结果表明污泥区大气ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ,ＴＳＰ、ＣＯ浓度均显著高于对照区;     

延边农村地区朝鲜族HBV、HCV、HDV感染状况调查

为摸清延边农村地区朝鲜族人群乙、丙、丁型肝炎病毒(HBV、HCV、HDV)感染状况,用ELISA法对585名朝鲜族成年人进行了HBV、HCV和HDV感染标志物的检测.HBV、HCV标化感染率与HBsAg标化阳性率分别为50.91%、4.85%和8.57%,年龄组间差异无显著性.HBV、HCV双重感染率为2.56%,HBV与HCV的感染相关无显著性.42例HBsAg阳性者中HDV感染率4.76%.HBV感染模式有15种,其中以单项抗-HBs阳性多见,人群中占31.97%.表明人群中HBV、HCV和HDV感染的流行情况不同.     

A Study on the Compliance of the Patients with Ocular Fundus Diseases

Purpose: To investigate the compliance of the patients with ocular fundus diseases with recommendation for follow-up examination after laser treatment, and the underlying reasons for non-compliance.Methods: 53 patients with ocular fundus disease were asked to fill in a questionnaire which includes the socio-demographic characteristics, fear of the fundus disease, conception of the laser treatment and the motivation for staying healthy. Variables were compared for the compliers group and the non-compliers group by chi-square test. Result; Of the 53 subjects, 35 were classified as non-compliers and 18 were classified as compliers. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups on all selected socio-demographic factors, conception of the laser treatment and the motivation for staying healthy. Significant difference was found between the two groups on two of those items concerning the fear of the diseases (P<0. 05). About half of the participants showed the lack of knowledge about     

角膜异物分区分级和记录方法

目的探讨角膜异物分区、分级及记录方法。方法对５６０例角膜异物分区、分级研究,在此基础上提出一种较为适用的记录方法,并用此指导临床实践。结果角膜异物有其分布特点,区、级不同,治疗及愈后不同。用此记录方法指导临床实践准确方便,不会出现误治漏治。结论角膜异物分区、分级及记录方法在临床上科学实用,在法医学上亦有使用价值     

高度近视眼白内障手术疗效观察

目的　分析高度近视眼白内障手术效果。方法　高度近视合并白内障病例共１９１ 例（２７９ 只眼）,行白内障术后３ｍｏ以上,随访视力、眼屈光度及并发症,计算测量误差及ＳＲＫ－ＩＩ公式误差。结果　术后矫正视力０ ．５ 者２００ 只眼,占７１．７ ％ ;矫正视力＜ ０．１ 者１３ 只眼,占４ ．７ ％ － 眼轴越长,近视性眼底病变越重。术后发生视网膜脱离２ 只眼（０ ．７％） 。眼轴长度测量误差值平均为０．５３ｍｍ ,ＳＲＫ－ＩＩ公式计算的平均绝对屈光误差值为１．１２Ｄ。结论　高度近视眼白内障手术效果较一般人群差,且眼轴越长效果越差。     

Palmitoylation occurs at cysteine 347 and cysteine 351 of the dopamine D(1) receptor

To determine the palmitoylation sites in the human dopamine D(1) receptor, we expressed wild type and mutant receptors in which candidate cysteines in the carboxyl tail were substituted by alanines both individually (A347, A351) and together (AA). Our results showed that palmitoylation levels of A347 and A351 were reduced substantially and that AA had no detectable signal of palmitoylation. These data indicate that cysteines 347 and 351 were both palmitoylated and that they were the only sites of palmitoylation. We introduced a cAMP-dependent protein kinase site encompassing the position 351. We predicted that a functional cAMP-dependent protein kinase site would impair receptor-G protein coupling if it is not occluded by palmitoylation. Our results demonstrated that indeed, the introduction of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase site caused reduced potency of dopamine stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, and thus confirmed that when unoccluded, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase site introduced to position 351 of dopamine D(1) receptor could confer constitutive desensitization.     

(-)-Epiafzelechin: cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent from aerial parts of Celastrus orbiculatus.

An inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 activity of prostaglandin H2 synthase was isolated from aerial parts of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. (Celastraceae), an oriental folk medicine for rheumatoid arthritis by activity-guided column chromatographic methods. The COX inhibitor was identified as (-)-epiafzelechin, a member of flavan-3-ols by the structural analysis with HR-EI-mass, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data. The compound exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition on the COX activity with an IC50 value of 15 microM. (-)-Epiafzelechin exhibited about 3-fold weaker inhibitory potency on the enzyme activity than indomethacin as a positive control. (-)-Epiafzelechin exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenin-induced mouse paw edema when the compound (100 mg/kg) was orally administrated at 1 h before carrageenin treatment.     

Effect of the aryl substituent on antitumor activity of 2-substituted-1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinones and 2-substitutedanthracene-1,4,9,10-tetraones

2-(1-Aryl-1-hydroxymethyl)- and 2-aroyl-DHAQ derivatives (DHAQ, 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone), and 2-(1-aryl-1-hydroxymethyl)-ATO derivatives (ATO, anthracene-1,4,9,10-tetraone) were synthesized and their antitumor activities were determined. 2-(1-Aryl-1-hydroxymethyl)-DHAQ derivatives showed a stronger cytotoxicity compared to the series of 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone derivatives. It was suggested that the presence of aryl group at the side chain accelerated the bioreductive activation leading to cell death. 2-Aroyl-DHAQ derivatives, despite their higher electrophilicity, revealed smaller cytotoxicity and antitumor activity (expressed by T/C value) than 2-(1-aryl-1-hydroxymethyl)-DHAQ derivatives. Thus, no consistent relationship between the electronic effect on aromatic side chain and the cytotoxicity was observed. ATO series exhibited a higher antitumor activity (T/C, 125 to approximately 218%), though their cytotoxicity was not further improved compared to that of 2-(1-aryl-1-hydroxymethyl)-1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinones. They manifested no correlation between the cytotoxicity and the antitumor activity. In case of 2-[1-hydroxy-1-(4-propylphenyl)-methyl]-ATO, the most bioactive one in vivo among the same series, it showed an ED50 value of 10.2 mg/mL and a T/C value of 218%. It is assumed that the anthracene-1,4,9,10-tetraones after uptake into cellular tissues might be transformed to a cytotoxic metabolite(s).