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清开灵与利巴韦林治疗小儿呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎的比较:单盲、随机、平行对照试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:比较清开灵与利巴韦林对呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎患儿治疗效果的差异。方法:选择2005-02/2006-04在北京儿童医院分中心治疗的小儿呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎97例,患儿法定监护人知情同意。采用单盲、随机、平行对照试验的原则,按区组随机化方法分为2组,清开灵注射液组49例,利巴韦林组48例。①清开灵注射液组:清开灵注射液静脉滴注加口服中成药。②利巴韦林组:利巴韦林注射液静脉滴注加口服复方愈创木酚磺酸钾口服液。两组疗程均为10d,比较两组患儿的疗效。结果:清开灵注射液组脱落3例,利巴韦林组脱落1例,进入结果分析清开灵注射液组46例,利巴韦林组47例。①清开灵注射液组发热患儿体温恢复正常时间比利巴韦林组短[(2.72±1.86)d,(6.29±2.41)d(P<0.01)]。②清开灵注射液组患儿咳嗽、痰壅、气促症状积分改善方面优于利巴韦林组(P<0.05~0.01)。③清开灵注射液组的呼吸道合胞病毒转阴时间明显优于利巴韦林组。④咳嗽、痰壅、病毒转阴时间、气促均进入Logistic模型,其中前两个症状的回归系数绝对值较大。结论:清开灵注射液治疗小儿呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎在退热、止咳平喘、呼吸道合胞病毒转阴时间等方面均具有明显优势,咳嗽、痰壅这两个症状更能反映清开灵注射液的疗效优于利巴韦林。 相似文献
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185.
CT- and US-guided biopsy of the pancreas 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
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187.
Smets YF; van der Pijl JW; van Dissel JT; Ringers J; de Fijter JW; Lemkes HH 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(4):764-771
BACKGROUND: Although technical success rate of simultaneous pancreas kidney
(SPK) transplantation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
patients with diabetic nephropathy has improved, morbidity remains high due
to infection and rejection. The purpose of this study was to analyse
infections encountered in our series of SPK transplants, using a
restrictive antibiotic prophylaxis policy. METHODS: We reviewed all
infectious diseases after 66 consecutive bladder-drained SPK
transplantations in 64 IDDM patients with end-stage renal disease due to
diabetic nephropathy. During follow-up, the perioperative antibiotic
regimen was altered (from 5 days preemptive therapy with multiple drugs to
1 day prophylaxis with cefamandole), and long-term viral prophylaxis
(high-dose aciclovir) was introduced. For post-operative urinary tract or
opportunistic infection, no prophylaxis was given. RESULTS: Overall mean
infection rate was 2.9 infections/ patient/year after a mean follow-up of
2.3 years. Surgical site infections (SSI) were seen in 30% of the patients,
with Enterococci present in 47%. Logistic regression showed one day
cefamandole prophylaxis to be associated with SSI, but there was no
significant influence of SSI on either graft or patient survival.
Forty-eight percent of all infections were lower urinary tract infections
(UTI). There were 59 first UTIs (89%), probably related to long-term Foley
catheter use, and 47 second UTIs (71%). Subsequent UTIs were not
microbiologically related to first UTIs. Cytomegalovirus (10 patients) and
other opportunistic agents did not cause mortality or graft loss. Five
grafts were lost due to infection (SSI three times, post-transplant
lymphoproliferative disease twice). Only one patient died because of
infection (2%). CONCLUSIONS: Infectious diseases after SPK transplantation
caused significant morbidity but did not influence either patient or graft
survival. A change in prophylactic policy for both SSI as well as recurrent
UTI, combined with earlier Foley removal, may lower incidences of these
infections.
相似文献
188.
Proteoglycans in human long-term bone marrow cultures: biochemical and ultrastructural analyses 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
Proteoglycans within the extracellular matrix of human bone marrow have been implicated in the process of hematopoiesis, but little is known about the structure and composition of these macromolecules in this tissue. Hematopoietically active human long-term bone marrow cultures were incubated with medium containing 35S-sulfate and 3H-glucosamine as labeling precursors. Proteoglycans present in the medium and cell layer were extracted with 4 mol/L guanidine HCI and purified by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephacel ion exchange and molecular sieve chromatography. Both culture compartments contain a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MI, CI) that eluted in the void volume of a Sepharose CL-4B column and contained glycosaminoglycan chains of molecular weight (mol wt) approximately 38,000. A second population of sulfate-labeled material was identified as a broad heterogenous peak (MII, CII) that was included on Sepharose CL-4B at Kav = 0.31. This material when chromatographed on Sepharose CL-6B could be further separated into a void peak (MIIa, CIIa) and an included peak eluting at Kav = 0.39 (MIIb, CIIb). The void peaks (MIIa, CIIa) were susceptible to chondroitinase ABC digestion (99%) but slightly less susceptible to chondroitinase AC digestion (90%). Papain digestion of these peaks revealed them to be proteoglycans with glycosaminoglycan chains of mol wt approximately 38,000. The included peaks on Sepharose CL-6B (MIIb, CIIb) from both medium and cell layer compartments resisted digestion with papain, indicating the presence of glycosaminoglycan chains of mol wt approximately 38,000 either free or attached to a small peptide. Although this material was susceptible to chondroitinase ABC (98%), it was considerably less susceptible to chondrotinase AC (approximately 60%), indicating that it contained dermatan sulfate. A small amount of heparan sulfate proteoglycan was also identified but constituted only approximately 10% of the total sulfated proteoglycan extracted from these cultures. Additionally, approximately 40% of the incorporated 3H- activity radioactivity was present as hyaluronic acid. Electron microscopy revealed a layer of adherent cells covered by a mat containing ruthenium red-positive granules that were connected by thin filaments. The extracellular matrix layer above the adherent cells contained a mixture of hematopoietic cells. Chondroitinase ABC treatment of the cultures completely removed the ruthenium red-positive granules overlying the cells and resulted in a loss of approximately 70% of the 35S-sulfate-labeled material from the cell layer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
189.
JW BALFE 《Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)》1996,2(S1):s225-s229
Summary: An overview is presented of the current management of children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), focusing on specific therapies such as haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation. Also discussed is the overall management of such children, with attention directed at growth, nutrition and development. 相似文献
190.
K R Huckle P A Warburton S Forbes C J Logan 《Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems》1989,19(1):51-62
1. 14C-Flocoumafen, administered to Japanese quail as a single oral or i.p. dose, was rapidly and extensively eliminated in excreta; most was eliminated within 24 h. Extensive metabolism of the rodenticide was seen, with at least 8 metabolites detected; unchanged flocoumafen comprised 9% dose. The elimination kinetics and metabolic profiles were qualitatively similar after oral and i.p. dosing. 2. The major metabolites (60% dose) were labile to beta-glucuronidase, liberating aglycones with identical chromatographic mobilities to those of the unchanged flocoumafen isomers. 3. Radioactivity was retained mostly in the liver; largely as unchanged flocoumafen associated with the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. Elimination of radioactivity from most tissues was biphasic with an initially rapid depletion (5 days) followed by a slow terminal elimination phase. The elimination half life from liver was greater than 100 days. 4. Livers of quail receiving extended dietary exposure to flocoumafen at 5, 15 and 50 ppm had concentrations of flocoumafen (1.0 nmol/g) that were independent of dose, indicating a capacity-limited binding site. These hepatic concentrations were similar to those after a single oral dose and were also similar to those in rats. The data indicate the presence in quail liver of a saturable high affinity flocoumafin binding site with similar characteristics and capacity to that in the rat. 5. The selective toxicity of flocoumafen to rats (highly toxic) and quail (moderately toxic) appears to arise from differences in metabolism rather than from anticoagulant binding in the liver. When hepatic binding sites of rats are saturated anticoagulant action becomes lethal, whereas quail are able to survive and extensively metabolize the compound. 相似文献