结核病合并真菌感染分析

目的了解我院肺结核病人合并真菌感染情况,方法真菌培养分离鉴定按《全国临床检验操作规程》进行鉴定。结果162菌珠中白色念珠菌123珠(75.92%)热带念珠菌13珠(8.02%)光滑念珠菌6珠(3.70%)高里氏念珠菌4珠(2.47%)二性霉素B,益康唑,制霉菌素,氟康唑这4种抗真菌药物目前对念珠菌治疗疗效较强。结论选择合理有效的抗药减少真菌感染率的发生。治疗真菌感染时选择合理有效的抗真菌药物,减少真菌耐药率的发生。     

5- and 6-Glycosylation of Transferrin in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Transferrin is a glycosylated metal-carrying serum protein. One of the biological functions of glycosylation is to regulate the life span of proteins, less glycosylation leading to a faster clearance of a protein from the circulation. In the case of transferrin, this would indirectly also influence iron homeostasis. Higher glycosylation has been demonstrated in patients with Parkinson's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. A genetic variant of transferrin, TfC2, occurs with increased frequency in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases associated with a free radical etiology. Investigations have so far not revealed the reason for the pro-oxidative qualities of TfC2. In this study the glycosylation of Tf in AD (TfC1 homozygotes and TfC1C2 heterozygotes) was compared with alcohol-induced dementia (AID) patients and nondemented, age-matched controls, using isoelectric focusing followed by blotting with anti-Tf antibodies. In TfC1 homozygotes a shift was found toward higher sialylation, but in TfC1C2 heterozygotes the 5- and 6-sialylated bands were less concentrated. The decreased sialalytion found for TfC1C2 heterozygotes, may indicate that the pro-oxidative TfC2 molecules are removed from the circulation at a faster rate than TfC1. This may be of benefit to AD patients having TfC2, but still does not explain why this Tf variant is pro-oxidative.     

Psychometric validation of Fuld Object Memory Evaluation in older adults with cognitive impairments

Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to an early but abnormal state of cognitive impairment with minimal functional impairment. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (FOME) as a measure of episodic memory function.

Method: The study sample included 204 Chinese older adults with cognitive impairments. The participants completed five recall trials and a delayed trial in FOME, neurocognitive measures on digit spans and trail making, and daily functioning. Discriminative power of FOME to differentiate between MCI and dementia was inspected via receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results: FOME showed good test-retest reliability and convergent validity with digit spans and trail making. Controlling for gender, age, and education, lower levels of FOME total retrieval, verbal fluency, and daily functioning significantly predicted a higher likelihood of dementia compared to MCI. The optimal cut-off scores for total retrieval, verbal fluency, and daily functioning to differentiate dementia were 37/38 (77% sensitivity and 83% specificity), 28/29 (85% sensitivity and 72% specificity), and 14/15 (92% sensitivity and 78% specificity), respectively, in the younger subgroup. The corresponding figures were 34/35 (69% sensitivity and 76% specificity) and 27/28 (92% sensitivity and 62% specificity), and 11/12 (74% sensitivity and 80% specificity), respectively, in the older subgroup.

Conclusion: The findings support the FOME as a valid assessment tool of episodic memory function in older Chinese adults. The combined use of FOME and daily functioning is recommended to distinguish persons with dementia from MCI.     

Gd-DTPA对前列腺3T氢质子波谱影响的初步研究

目的:用高场MR仪研究对比剂(Gd-DTPA)是否会影响前列腺氧质子MR波谱(<'1>H-MRS)的线宽(LW)、抑水率(WS%)及谱线质量.方法:对连续30例行前列腺MR波谱检查的患者分别于增强扫描前、后行<'1>H-MRS检查,比较扫描前、后两次LW、WS%及谱线质量.结果:增强后LW(14.41±1.78)较增强前(12.25±1.36)增高(P<0.05).增强后WS%(97.75±0.45)与增强前(97.50±0.25)比较,其变化无统计学意义(P>0.05).增强后的谱线质量降低(P<0.05).结论:Gd-DTPA影响前列腺<'1>H-MRS的LW及谱线质量.     

Neonatal herpes: what lessons to learn

Vesicular rashes in neonates are challenging in terms of diagnosis and management. Herpes infection is an important diagnostic consideration. We report two illustrative neonatal cases of herpesvirus infections with vesicular rashes. Such babies may be remarkably asymptomatic. A high index of suspicion leading to a prompt diagnosis, timely quarantine measures, and institution of antiviral treatment are pivotal for desirable outcomes.     

Laparoscopic colorectal fellowship training programme

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate a structured training programme for laparoscopic colorectal surgery in a university colorectal unit over a 6-year period.

Methods

Data on patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy between November 2004 and October 2010 were analyzed. Operations were performed either by the consultant colorectal surgeons or colorectal fellows. The effectiveness and safety of our structured training programme were evaluated.

Results

During the study period, 813 patients (478 men) with a median age 69 years (range 22–93) underwent laparoscopic colectomy. A total of 370 cases (45.5 %) were performed by four colorectal fellows. Overall, 674 patients (82.9 %) were classified as ASA I or II. The conversion rate was 3.7 %. The conversion rate, intra-operative blood loss, number of lymph nodes retrieved and post-operative recovery were similar between the two groups. When comparing with consultant group, the patients operated by fellows were: (1) significantly older; (2) more were operated on as emergency cases; (3) had pathologically less advanced tumours; (4) less patients with low rectal cancers. There were two surgical mortalities in this series. The morbidities between the two groups were similar. At the end of 3 years of training, the fellows had performed more than 85 cases of laparoscopic colectomies. The level of supervision decreased with increased experience. Finally, experienced fellows were able to supervise more junior colleagues on laparoscopic colectomies.

Conclusions

Our results confirmed a structured training programme for laparoscopic colectomy is safe and effective. Reasonable results were achieved even though a high volume of cases were performed by surgical fellows.