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Penetrance estimate of LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation in individuals of non‐Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry 下载免费PDF全文
Annie J. Lee MS Yuanjia Wang PhD Roy N. Alcalay MD MSc Helen Mejia‐Santana MS Rachel Saunders‐Pullman MD MPH MS Susan Bressman MD Jean‐Christophe Corvol MD PhD Alexis Brice MD Suzanne Lesage PhD Graziella Mangone MD Eduardo Tolosa MD Claustre Pont‐Sunyer MD Dolores Vilas MD Birgitt Schüle MD Farah Kausar PhD Tatiana Foroud PhD Daniela Berg MD Kathrin Brockmann MD Stefano Goldwurm MD PhD Chiara Siri PsyD Rosanna Asselta PhD Javier Ruiz‐Martinez MD PhD Elisabet Mondragón MD Connie Marras MD PhD Taneera Ghate MSc Nir Giladi MD Anat Mirelman PhD Karen Marder MD MPH for the Michael J. Fox LRRK Cohort Consortium 《Movement disorders》2017,32(10):1432-1438
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J. Ventura‐Juarez MR. Campos‐Esparza J. Pacheco‐Yepez J. A López‐Blanco A. Adabache‐Ortíz M. Silva‐Briano R. Campos‐Rodríguez 《Parasite immunology》2016,38(8):503-509
Entamoeba histolytica invades the intestine and other organs during the pathogenesis of amoebiasis. In the early stages, the host organism responds with an inflammatory infiltrate composed mostly of neutrophils. It has been reported that these immune cells, activated by E. histolytica, exert a protective role by releasing proteolytic enzymes and generating reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and antimicrobial peptides. It is now known that neutrophils also produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are able to damage and kill pathogens. Studies have shown that intracellular protozoan pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondi, Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania spp, induce neutrophils to release NETs and are damaged by them. However, the action of this mechanism has not been explored in relation to E. histolytica trophozoites. Through scanning electron, epifluorescence microscopy and viability assays, we show for first time that during in vitro interaction with E. histolytica trophozoites, human neutrophils released NETs that covered amoebas and reduced amoebic viability. These NETs presented histones, myeloperoxidase and decondensed chromatin. The results suggest that NETs participate in the elimination of the parasite. 相似文献
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Expert Panel on MR Safety: Emanuel Kanal MD A. James Barkovich MD Charlotte Bell MD James P. Borgstede MD William G. Bradley Jr MD PhD Jerry W. Froelich MD J. Rod Gimbel MD John W. Gosbee MD Ellisa Kuhni‐Kaminski RT Paul A. Larson MD James W. Lester Jr MD John Nyenhuis PhD Daniel Joe Schaefer PhD Elizabeth A. Sebek RN BSN Jeffrey Weinreb MD Bruce L. Wilkoff MD Terry O. Woods PhD Leonard Lucey JD Dina Hernandez BSRT 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》2013,37(3):501-530
Because there are many potential risks in the MR environment and reports of adverse incidents involving patients, equipment and personnel, the need for a guidance document on MR safe practices emerged. Initially published in 2002, the ACR MR Safe Practices Guidelines established de facto industry standards for safe and responsible practices in clinical and research MR environments. As the MR industry changes the document is reviewed, modified and updated. The most recent version will reflect these changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:501–530. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Background
Leishmania major is an intracellular parasite transmitted through the bite of the female phlebotomine sand flies. Leishmania major is able to escape the host immune defense and survive within macrophages. Modulation of the NF-κB (Nuclear Factor-Kappa B) activation and suppression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines by L. major are the main evasion mechanisms that remain to be explored. This study aims to examine the expression level of the Monarch-1 in L. major-infected macrophages, as a negative regulator of the NF-κB activation.Methods
Murine macrophage cell line (J774 A.1) was infected by metacyclic form of Leishmania promastigotes at macrophage/parasite ratio of 1:10. After harvesting infected cells at different times, total RNA was extracted and converted to cDNA. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed for Monarch-1 by specific primers. Hypoxanthine Phospho-Ribosyl Transferase (HPRT) was used as an internal control to adjust the amount of mRNA in each sample.Results
Semiquantitive analysis of Monarch-1 mRNA expression level showed a significant expression increase within 6 to 30 hours after L. major infection of macrophages when compared to the control macrophages.Conclusion
Monarch-1 expression level reveals a significant increase in the early phase of macrophage infection with L. major, which in turn may suppress IL-12 production in Leishmania infected macrophages and deeply influence the relationship between host and parasite. 相似文献176.
Meldrum A Thomson W Drummond B Sears M 《International journal of paediatric dentistry / the British Paedodontic Society [and] the International Association of Dentistry for Children》2001,11(6):458-458
The aim of the present study was to clinically evaluate fissure sealants on the occlusal fissures and buccal pits of permanent first and second molars after 20 and 15 years, respectively. The population consisted of 72 children, each of whom had had their four first molars sealed between 1977 and 1980. At the annual examinations, all caries-free, newly erupted second molars were sealed. When sealant was applied to the second molars, the first molars were checked and sealant was reapplied to those that had deficient sealants. At the follow-up, when the subjects were 26–27 years of age, 27 in the original group had moved from the community. Thus, the present result is based on 45 subjects. One hundred and fifty-three sealed first molars and 161 sealed second molars were available for inspection. At the follow-up examination of the first molars 20 years after sealant had been applied, 65% showed complete retention, 22% partial retention without caries, and 1306 caries or restoration in the occlusal fissures or buccal pits. At the 15-year follow-up of the second molars, the corresponding figures were 65%, 30% and 5%, respectively. Of the restored or carious molars, significantly more were found in the mandible than in the maxilla ( P < 0.001). This longitudinal study showed that pit and fissure sealants, applied during childhood, have a long-lasting, caries-preventive effect. 相似文献
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