Brief Report: Sources of Sexuality and Relationship Education for Autistic and Neurotypical Adults in the U.S. and a Call to Action

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Sexuality and relationship education (SRE) occurs in many formats. In order to inform best practices, current trends of SRE sources must be...     

A double mobility acetabular implant for primary hip arthroplasty in patients at high risk of dislocation

IntroductionDislocation following total hip replacement continues to be a problem for which no completely satisfactory solution has been found. Several methods have been proposed to reduce the incidence of hip dislocations with varying degrees of success, including elevated rim liners, constrained liners and large diameter bearings. We present our experience with the double mobility acetabular component in patients at high risk of instability.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of 65 primary total hip arthroplasties in 55 patients (15 men, 40 women), performed between October 2005 and November 2009. The majority (80%) of patients had at least two and 26% had at least three risk factors for instability. The mean age was 76 years (range: 44–92 years). The patients were followed up for a mean duration of 60 months (range: 36–85 months).ResultsFourteen patients died and one was lost to follow-up, leaving fifty hips for final assessment. Until the final follow-up appointment, no patients had dislocation and none required revision surgery. The mean Oxford hip score improved from 45.0 to 26.5 (p<0.0001). The mean Merle d’Aubigné pain score improved from 1.4 to 4.9 (p<0.0001), the walking score from 2.3 to 3.1 (p<0.07) and the absolute hip function score from 5.4 to 10.8 (p<0.0001). There were no clinical or radiographic signs of loosening.ConclusionsThe double mobility acetabular component was successful at preventing dislocation during early to medium-term follow-up. However, as data are still lacking with regard to polyethylene wear rates at the additional bearing surface, it would be prudent to restrict the use of this implant to selected patients at high risk of instability.     

Surgical delivery of drug releasing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) paste with in vivo effects against glioblastoma

Introduction

The median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (astrocytoma grade 4) remains less than 18 months despite radical surgery, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. Surgical implantation of chemotherapy eluting wafers into the resection cavity has been shown to improve length of survival but the current licensed therapy has several drawbacks. This paper investigates in vivo efficacy of a novel drug eluting paste in glioblastoma.

Methods

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA/PEG) self-sintering paste was loaded with the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide and delivered surgically into partially resected tumours in a flank murine glioblastoma xenograft model.

Results

Surgical delivery of the paste was successful and practical, with no toxicity or surgical morbidity to the animals. The paste was retained in the tumour cavity, and preliminary results suggest a useful antitumour and antiangiogenic effect, particularly at higher doses. Bioluminescent imaging was not affected significantly by the presence of the paste in the tumour.

Conclusions

Chemotherapy loaded PLGA/PEG paste seems to be a promising technology capable of delivering active drugs into partially resected tumours. The preliminary results of this study suggest efficacy with no toxicity and will lead to larger scale efficacy studies in orthotopic glioblastoma models.     

Ultrastructural localization of human platelet thrombospondin, fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor in frozen thin section

We have investigated the localization of thrombospondin (TSP), fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor in human platelets by transmission electron microscopy of antibody-stained ultrathin frozen sections. In negatively stained thin sections, alpha granules were identified on the basis of their smooth, roughly spherical shape, size, single limiting electron-lucent 100 A membrane, and frequent presence of electron-dense nucleoid. In contrast, mitochondria exhibited characteristic double membranes and cristae. Sections were separately stained with affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies to these proteins as well as with three monoclonal anti-TSP antibodies. Antibody specificity was documented in radioimmunoassays, by immunofluorescent cross-blocking, and by staining of bands of appropriate mobility in Western blots of whole platelets. Bound antibody was visualized using a 5-nm colloidal gold-avidin conjugate. In resting cells, staining of virtually all alpha granules was observed for all four proteins. In contrast, consistent staining was absent from other organelles, including plasma membranes, mitochondria, and vacuolar structures that may represent the open canalicular system.     

Molecular cloning and expression of the imipenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase gene from Pseudomonas maltophilia in Escherichia coli

The L-1 penicillinase structural gene, blaS, from Pseudomonas maltophilia was cloned into the vector pACYC184. The pMON01 recombinant plasmid selected by ampicillin resistance carried a 2.6-kilobase (kb) Sau3A fragment of P. maltophilia DNA and was confirmed to express L-1 beta-lactamase by comparative isoelectric focusing. A detailed physical map was constructed, and the blaS structural gene was localized with a 17-mer oligonucleotide mixed probe encoding the L-1 NH2-terminal amino acid sequence. Induction studies confirmed constitutive expression. Isolation of a complete beta-lactamase operon was attempted by construction of a P. maltophilia genomic library into phage lambda 2001. A recombinant phage was selected by DNA hybridization; the 13.4-kb DNA insert was physically mapped and subcloned into the high-copy-number plasmid pACYC184 and into the low-copy-number vector pLG338. The expression of the cloned blaS L-1 structural gene and levels of beta-lactamase synthesis were studied in Escherichia coli. The protein synthesized was found to be similar to the L-1 beta-lactamase of the prototype P. maltophilia, although expression levels were gene dosage dependent for beta-lactamase synthesis.     

Expression of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors by two pre-B acute lymphocytic leukemia cell lines

Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) are potent regulators of cell proliferation. The three isoforms of PDGF AA, AB, and BB are encoded by two genes: PDGF A and PDGF B. The v-sis oncogene is homologous to the PDGF-B gene. v-sis can transform cells that express the appropriate PDGF receptors. Two different types of receptors, PDGF-alpha and PDGF- beta, also encoded by two genes, have been identified. We show that two cell lines. SMS-SB and NALM-6, both derived from pre-B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemias, express the PDGF-A chain gene, and one of them, SMS-SB, releases PDGF-A chains into the media. The SMS-SB cells also express the PDGF-beta receptor, whereas NALM-6 cells express the PDGF- alpha receptor and bind PDGF. This extends the possible targets for PDGF to the B-cell lineage lymphocytes.     

Response to 2'-deoxycoformycin after failure of interferon-alpha in nonsplenectomized patients with hairy cell leukemia

Two patients with hairy cell leukemia with massive splenomegaly and severe pancytopenia were treated with recombinant alpha-A interferon (IFN-alpha-2a). There was no significant response to a trial of IFN- alpha-2a (11 and 20 weeks) with respect to blood counts or spleen size. Subsequent treatment with 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF) for 8 consecutive weeks (4 mg/m2/wk) resulted in normalization of spleen size and a normalization of peripheral blood counts and bone marrow in one patient. The second patient demonstrated a reduction in spleen size and improved blood counts following 9 weeks of dCF therapy but eventually became refractory. This demonstrates that dCF is non-cross-resistant with interferon and confirms the efficacy of dCF in nonsplenectomized patients.