原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的X 线诊断

目的　探讨X线诊断原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的价值。方法　回顾性分析 2 1例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的X线所见并与手术病理对照。结果　X线表现包括充盈缺损、黏膜改变、肠腔狭窄和龛影。结论　根据临床及X线表现 ,术前可以正确诊断原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤。     

Effects of the bone morphogenetic protein binding protein spp24 (secreted phosphoprotein 24 kD) on the growth of human lung cancer cells

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) contribute to the growth of some skeletal metastases through autocrine stimulation. Secreted phosphoprotein 24 kDa (spp24) has been shown to bind to both BMP‐2 and TGF‐β and to markedly inhibit the osteogenic properties of rhBMP‐2. We hypothesized that the addition of spp24 would sequester autocrine growth factors (especially BMP‐2) and reduce tumor growth in a system (A549 human non‐small cell lung cancer cell line) where autocrine stimulation by BMP‐2 is known to be important. A549 cells were injected into two sites (subcutaneous and intraosseus) in SCID mice with and without the co‐injection of BMP‐2 and spp24. Tumor growth after 8 weeks was assessed through gross examination, radiological imaging, and histological analysis. Spp24 attenuated the tumor growth enhancing effects of rhBMP‐2 and reduced the tumor growth when added to tumor cells that were not treated with BMP‐2. We conclude that spp24 can reduce A549 cell tumor growth in both soft tissue and intraosseus environments. We hypothesize that the mechanism for this inhibition is interruption of autocrine stimulation through the sequestration of BMP‐2. Spp24 can be developed into a therapeutic agent that can be employed in clinical situations where the inhibitions of BMPs and related proteins is advantageous. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1712–1718, 2011     

Impact of biventricular and left ventricular pacing on hemodynamics and left ventricular dyssynchrony compared with right ventricular pacing in the early postoperative period following cardiac surgery

Objectives

The aims of this study were to test the hypotheses that in the postoperative period following corrective surgery for congenital heart defects: (i) atrio-right ventricular (RA-RV) pacing decreases cardiac output (CO) compared with right atrial (RA) pacing, (ii) atrio-biventricular (RA-BiV) and left ventricular (RA-LV) pacing improves CO compared with RA-RV pacing.

Study design

Prospective observational study.

Patients

Children 0-2 years of age referred for surgery of congenital heart defects were studied during intrinsic rhythm and atrial, atrio-right ventricular, atrio-left ventricular and atrio-biventricular pacing. CO, extrapolated from mean systolic aortic velocity (MSAV), and left ventricular dyssynchrony were assessed using transthoracic echocardiography.

Results

RA-RV pacing induced a significant decrease in CO (MSAV 0.52 ± 0.19 m/s to 0.46 ± 0.16 m/s, p = 0.01) and a significant increase in LV dyssynchrony (8.7 ± 7.9 ms to 33 ± 21 ms, p = 0.001). RA-BiV pacing induced a significant increase in CO (MSAV 0.46 ± 0.16 m/s to 0.52 ± 0.18 m/s, p = 0.01) and a significant decrease in LV dyssynchrony (33 ± 21 ms to 7 ± 4 ms, p = 0.0003) compared with RA-RV pacing. RA-LV pacing induced a significant decrease in LV dyssynchrony (33 ± 21 ms to 9 ± 7 ms, p = 0.0007) without a significant improvement of CO compared with RA-RV pacing.

Conclusions

RA-BiV pacing improves CO compared with RA-RV pacing in the early postoperative period following pediatric cardiac surgery. This improvement is related to a reduction in left ventricular dyssynchrony.     

艾瑞昔布超前镇痛用于脊柱手术对患者术后镇痛效果的影响

目的观察艾瑞昔布超前镇痛用于脊柱手术对患者术后镇痛效果的影响。方法选取本院2017年3月～2018年3月收治的110例脊柱手术患者,按随机数表法分为观察组与对照组,各55例。观察组术前30 min口服100 mg的艾瑞昔布,对照组口服相同剂量的安慰剂。术毕予负荷剂量的芬太尼0.001 mg/kg。比较两组术后6 h与12 h的疼痛程度[采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估]、镇静效果(采用Ramesay评分法评估)、芬太尼消耗量、自控按压总次数、不良反应总发生率。结果观察组术后6 h与术后12 h的术后疼痛VAS评分分别为(2.80±0.82)分与(1.85±0.45)分,低于对照组的(3.15±0.91)分与(2.32±0.64)分;观察组的镇静Ramesay评分分别为(2.28±0.59)分与(2.06±0.58)分,低于对照组的(2.63±0.71)分与(2.33±0.70)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后0～6 h、6～12 h、12～24 h的芬太尼消耗量及自控按压总次数均低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组的不良反应总发生率为7.27%,低于对照组的21.82%(P0.05)。结论脊柱手术患者采用艾瑞昔布进行超前镇痛可获得良好的术后镇痛效果与镇静效果,芬太尼用量与不良反应均明显减少,具有较高的有效性与安全性,值得推广。     

Impact of medical and surgical intervention on survival in patients with cholangiocarcinoma

AIM:To examine surgical and medical outcomes for patients with cholangiocarcinoma using a populationbased cancer registry.METHODS:Using the California Cancer Registry’s Cancer Surveillance Program,patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated in Los Angeles County from 1988 to 2006 were identified and evaluated for clinical and pathologic factors and therapies received(surgery,radiation,and chemotherapy).The surgical cohort was further categorized into three treatment groups:patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy,adjuvant chemoradiation,or underwent surgery alone(no chemotherapy or radiation administered).Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method;and Cox proportional hazard modeling was used in multivariate analysis.RESULTS:Of 825 patients,60.2% received no treatment.Of the remaining 328 patients,18.5% chemotherapy only,7.4% chemoradiation,and 13.8% underwent surgery.More male patients underwent surgical resection(P = 0.004).Surgical patients were younger than the patients receiving chemotherapy or chemoradiation(P < 0.001).Of the surgical cohort(n = 114),60.5% underwent surgery alone while 39.5% underwent surgery plus adjuvant therapy(chemotherapy n = 20;chemoradiation,n = 21)(P < 0.001).Median survival for all patients in the study was 6.6 mo.Median survival was highest for patients who underwent surgery(23 mo),whereas both chemotherapy(9 mo) and chemoradiation(8 mo) alone were each less effective(P < 0.001).By multivariate analysis,extent of disease,receipt of surgery,and administration of chemotherapy(with/without surgery) were independent predictors of overall survival.CONCLUSION:This study demonstrates that surgery is a critical treatment modality.Multimodality treatment has yet to be standardized,but play a role in optimal therapy for cholangiocarcinoma.     

Skeletal muscle pathways of contraction-enhanced glucose uptake

Muscle contraction acutely increases glucose transport in both healthy and type 2 diabetic individuals. Since glucose uptake during muscle contraction has been observed in the absence of insulin, the existence of an insulin-independent pathway has been suggested to explain this phenomenon. However, the exact mechanism behind the translocation of GLUT4 vesicles through the sarcolemma during muscle contraction is still unknown. Some substances, such as AMPK and calcium activated proteins, have been suggested as potential mediators but the exact mechanisms of their involvement remain to be elucidated. A hypothetical convergence point between the insulin cascade and the potential pathways triggered by muscle contraction has been suggested. Therefore, the earliest concept that two different routes exist in skeletal muscle has been progressively modified to the notion that glucose uptake is induced by muscle contraction via components of the insulin pathway. With further consideration, increased glucose uptake and enhanced insulin sensitivity observed during/after exercise might be explained by a metabolic- and calcium-dependent activation of several intermediate molecules of the insulin cascade. This paper aimed to review the literature in order to examine in detail these concepts behind muscle contraction-induced glucose uptake.     

Effects of doxorubicin administration on bone strength and quality in sedentary and physically active Wistar rats

Summary

Doxorubicin (DOX) is used in pediatric cancer treatment. This study assessed the effects of 7 weeks of DOX and 10-week recovery on bone quality and biomechanical properties in sedentary and exercised Wistar rats. DOX decreases femur diaphysis radial growth and biomechanical properties. Some of these DOX effects were aggravated by exercise.

Introduction

Bone growth in pre-pubertal years critically influences adult fracture risk. DOX is widely used in the treatment of pediatric cancers, but there is limited evidence on its potential negative effects on bone growth. Exercise improves bone growth in children, but there is no evidence if it protects against DOX-induced bone toxicity. This study investigates the early and intermediate effects of a 7-week course of DOX on bone histomorphometry and strength in sedentary and exercised growing animal models.

Methods

Sixty-eight male Wistar rats (8 weeks) were treated with DOX (2 mg kg^?1) or vehicle for 7 weeks and afterward housed in standard cages or in cages with a running wheel and killed 2 or 10 weeks after last DOX administration. Femurs and blood were collected for assaying geometry, trabecular microarchitecture (histology), biomechanical properties (three-point bending and shearing of the femoral neck), bone calcium content and density (atomic absorption spectroscopy), and bone turnover markers (ELISA).

Results

DOX treatment reduced the femur diaphysis radial growth, with DOX-treated animals having a lower tissue area, cortical area, cortical thickness, and moment of inertia. DOX also decreased distal femur trabecular bone volume and trabecular number and increased trabecular separation. Femur diaphysis stiffness and maximum load were also reduced in past DOX-treated animals. Exercise was shown to worsen the effects of past DOX treatment on the femur diaphysis mechanical properties.

Conclusion

DOX negatively affects bone geometry, trabecular microarchitecture, and femur mechanical properties in growing Wistar rats. Exercise further aggravates the detrimental effects of past DOX treatment on bone mechanical properties.

     

Diagnostic Splenectomy for Visceral Leishmaniasis

A 57-year-old-man with a history of malaise, fever,night sweats and shortness of breath presented a diagnostic challenge to his medical team. He was pancytopaenic and had splenomegaly on admission but other investigations, including bone marrow aspiration, proved inconclusive. After the patient deteriorated clinically, the general surgical team was requested to perform a diagnostic splenectomy. The histology of this showed infection with visceral leishmaniasis. He recovered completely with Amphotericin treatment. Although this is a rare condition, particularly for the general surgeon, this case highlights the difficult position surgeons are often put in when performing major surgery diagnostically.     

Salivary Gland Tumor: A Review of 599 Cases in a Brazilian Population

Salivary gland tumors consist of a group of heterogeneous lesions with complex clinicopathological characteristics and distinct biological behaviors. Worldwide series show a contrast in the relative incidence of salivary gland tumors, with some discrepancies in clinicopathological data. The main aim of this study was to describe demographic characteristics of 599 cases in a population from Central Brazil over a 10-year period and compare these with other epidemiological studies. Benign tumors represented 78.3% of the cases. Women were the most affected (61%) and the male:female ratio was 1:1.6. Parotid gland tumors were the most frequent (68.5% of cases) and patient age ranged from 1 to 88 years-old (median of 45 years old). The most frequent tumors were pleomorphic adenomas (68.4%) and benign tumors were significantly more frequent in the parotid (75.9%), while malignant tumors were more frequent in the minor salivary glands (40%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, women and the parotid gland were the most affected and pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent lesion, followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma and Warthin’s tumor.