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101.
上海市居民吸烟与癌症及有关疾病十年前瞻性研究 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
目的探讨上海市民吸烟与癌症及有关疾病的关系。方法80年代初在上海市区、市郊和郊县开展了居民吸烟状况的横断面调查。至1994年年底,市区研究对象随访了12年,郊区研究对象随访了11年。本次研究分析了40岁以上研究对象的随访资料,并用Poison回归模型估计吸烟因素的年龄调整相对危险度及其95%可信区间。结果市区分析结果表明,男女性吸烟者全死因的相对危险度分别为1.48、1.62。而所有癌症死亡的相对危险度男性为2.20,女性为2.00。相对危险度有统计学意义的癌症部位是肺癌、肝癌、食管癌(男)、胃癌(男)、胰腺癌(男)、膀胱癌(男)。脑血管疾病、慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和肺心病的相对危险度也见显著升高。市郊和郊县的结果与市区类似。我们估计了三个地区吸烟对男性某些疾病的归因危险度(PAR),所有死因吸烟的PAR(%)三地分别为20.9、18.9、16.3,所有癌症三地吸烟的PAR(%)分别为40.0、34.5、34.2,肺癌三地吸烟的PAR(%)分别为71.7、59.2、64.7。结论吸烟与一些癌症、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、肺原性心脏病及脑血管病等的死亡有关 相似文献
102.
目的:调查新生五项乙型肝炎病毒标志物(HBVM)及肝功能的结果,达到控制乙肝传染的目的。方法:选用四届入学新生1462份血清,采用酶联免疫吸咐法(ELISA)检测五项HBVM,应用改良赖氏法,检测了肝功能。结果:HBVM阳性组合例数709例,占48.50%,乙肝病毒抗原(HBsAg)阳性者149例,占10.88%。乙肝病毒抗体(HBsAb)阳性占302例,占20.66%。丙氨酸转氨酶(GPT)异常者53例,占3.63%。结论:新生乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染人数及HsAg携带者较多,对结果异常者应采取积极治疗和适当管理。HBsAb阳性率逐年增高,结果提示,注射乙肝疫苗是防止乙肝传染的重要措施。 相似文献
103.
为探讨初始强化免疫对控制和消除麻疹的效果,1998 年6 ~7 月份对韶关市所有6 月龄至15 岁人群实施MV 初始强化免疫后进行血清学检测和流行病学观察。结果强免后麻疹总抗体阳性率从90-8 % 升至99-5 % ,GMRT 从861-8 增长到4660-2 ,低抗体率从31-0 降至1-8 % ,免疫成功率高达98-9 % ;强免后(1998 年7 ~12 月、1999 年1 ~5 月) 麻疹发病报告分别为27 例和1 例,比强免前(1998 年1 ~6 月252 例) 大幅度下降。说明MV 初始强化免疫控制麻疹效果显著,是控制和消除麻疹的可取策略。 相似文献
104.
A. A. T. M. M. Vinks D. J. Touw R. C. J. M. van Rossen H. G. M. Heijerman W. Bakker 《Pharmacy World & Science》1996,18(2):74-77
The stability of the monocyclic -lactam antibiotic aztreonam in portable pump reservoirs was studied during storage at temperatures of-20°C and +5°C and during drug delivery at 37°C. Three 100-ml drug reservoirs and three glass containers containing 60 mg/ml aztreonam were stored at-20°C and 2-ml samples were analysed in the freshly prepared solution and after thawing at days 7, 21, 28, 70 and after 6 months of storage. A separate triplicate batch of 100-ml prefilled drug reservoirs and glass containers containing a similar aztreonam concentration (60 mg/ml) were refrigerated and tested immediately after preparation and daily for 8 days and after 70 days. Solutions of aztreonam in duplicate freshly prepared reservoirs were tested for stability when the solution was pumped at 37°C over a 24-h period. All solutions were inspected for visual changes and tested for pH. Drug concentration was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. No colour changes or pH differences were observed in any of the solutions in the reservoirs or containers. No statistically significant decrease in aztreonam concentration could be detected after 6 months of storage at-20°C. Aztreonam was stable at 5°C for at least 8 days. A 24-h pumping period at 37°C showed a 3.6% decrease in aztreonam concentration. Aztreonam at a concentration of 60 mg/ml in a pump reservoir is sufficiently stable to be used in home intravenous antibiotic treatment programmes. 相似文献
105.
106.
Bakker S 《Health libraries review》1992,9(4):131-137
This paper reports on a comparison of four current-awareness services on floppy disk: CURRENT CONTENTS ON DISKETTE--LIFE SCIENCES, CURRENT CONTENTS ON DISKETTE--CLINICAL MEDICINE, MEDICAL SCIENCE WEEKLY and REFERENCE UPDATE. The four differ considerably not so much in the number of journals as in the subject emphasis of journal titles covered. Like most bibliographic databases the area of particular interest to the individual or organization will dictate which of these services is the best choice. For many subspecialties the differences are too big to ignore; subject strengths and weaknesses are discussed in this article since many (end)users will depend on the advice of medical librarians. 相似文献
107.
M M Tiel-van Buul E J van Beek P F Dijkstra A D Bakker F M Griffioen T H Broekhuizen 《Investigative radiology》1992,27(11):954-959
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES. The authors describe a new device ("the carpal box") for the radiographic detection of occult scaphoid fracture. METHODS. Fractures in the scaphoid of five cadaver specimens were mechanically produced. Subsequent examinations included conventional scaphoid radiography, multi-angle radiography, and radiography using the new device. The anatomic analysis of the specimens served as the standard for comparison. A pilot study was performed in six consecutive patients with suspected scaphoid fracture. RESULTS. Neither scaphoid radiography nor multi-angle radiography could confirm a fracture in two specimens, whereas all fractures were recognized on the carpal box radiographs. All scaphoid fractures were visualized by carpal box radiography, whereas scaphoid radiography was equivocal in one patient and negative in the other. CONCLUSIONS. Carpal box radiography may have additional value in the diagnosis of occult scaphoid fracture. This may lead to a reduction in costs and inconvenience for patients with clinically suspected scaphoid fracture and negative scaphoid radiography. 相似文献
108.
The drugs used in migraine therapy can be divided into two groups: agents that abort an established migraine attack and agents used prophylactically to reduce the number of migraine attacks. Both groups have drugs that are specific for migrainous headaches and that are non-specific, and are used to treat the accompanying headache (analgesics), vomiting (anti-emetics), anxiety (sedatives and anxiolytics), or depression (antidepressants). The main drugs with specific action on migraine include ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine), agonists (sumatriptan) or partial agonists (methysergide) at a specific subtype of 5-HT1-like receptors, -adrenoceptor antagonists (propranolol, metoprolol), calcium antagonists (flunarizine) and anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin). The pharmacological basis of therapeutic action of several of these drugs is not well understood. In the case of the ergot alkaloids and 5-HT1-like receptor agonists, however, it is likely that the antimigraine effect is related to the potent and rather selective constriction of the large arteries and arteriovenous anastomoses in the scalp and dural regions. In addition, these drugs inhibit plasma extravasation into the dura in response to trigeminal ganglion stimulation, but it is possible that this effect is related to the selective vasoconstriction in the extracerebral vascular bed. The selectivity of the pharmacological effects of these antimigraine drugs (constriction of the extracerebral arteries and arteriovenous anastomoses, poor penetration into the central nervous system and the absence of an antinociceptive effect even after intrathecal administration) strongly suggests that excessive dilatation in the extracerebral cranial vasculature, probably initiated by a neuronal event, is an integral part of the pathophysiology of migraine. 相似文献
109.
G F Morgan M Deblaton P Clemens P Van Den Broeck A Bossuyt J R Thornback 《Journal of nuclear medicine》1991,32(3):500-505
MRP20 (N-(2(1H pyrolylmethyl]N'-(4-pentene-3-one-2] ethane-1,2-diamine) complexes with technetium-99m, yielding a neutral, lipophilic species. This compound has been characterized as [TcO(MRP20)]. Biologic investigation of [99mTc][TcO(MRP20)] in female rats showed 2.35% ID in the brain 30 min p.i. with no significant wash-out over 3 hr. A single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study in a dog demonstrated rapid tracer uptake in the brain, reaching a maximum within 1 min, with 2.24% i.d. 15 min p.i., decreasing to 1.7% after 4 hr. The complex undergoes hydrolysis in vitro forming a cationic species. This is possibly the trapping mechanism in the brain in vivo. The main excretory route of [99mTc][TcO(MRP20)] is via the hepatobiliary tract. There is evidence of some "in vivo" cell labeling and soft-tissue uptake. 相似文献
110.
In addition to the spasmolytic activity of ORIGANUM COMPACTUM, the antagonistic effect of the main components thymol and carvacrol is investigated on the isolated guinea-pig ileum, induced by carbachol, histamine, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide and BaCl (2). The l-noradrenaline contractions on the rat vas deferens are also reduced by both of phenols and the Origanum macerate. pD' (2) values and relative potency to papaverine illustrate the affinity of the isomers. It is concluded that thymol and carvacrol act as non-competitive antagonists and are not significantly different from each other. 相似文献