全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1922篇 |
免费 | 140篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 11篇 |
儿科学 | 36篇 |
妇产科学 | 17篇 |
基础医学 | 249篇 |
口腔科学 | 28篇 |
临床医学 | 256篇 |
内科学 | 294篇 |
皮肤病学 | 11篇 |
神经病学 | 305篇 |
特种医学 | 274篇 |
外科学 | 103篇 |
综合类 | 42篇 |
预防医学 | 165篇 |
眼科学 | 21篇 |
药学 | 161篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 98篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 23篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 22篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 29篇 |
2013年 | 49篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 62篇 |
2010年 | 36篇 |
2009年 | 43篇 |
2008年 | 68篇 |
2007年 | 78篇 |
2006年 | 67篇 |
2005年 | 51篇 |
2004年 | 68篇 |
2003年 | 85篇 |
2002年 | 60篇 |
2001年 | 61篇 |
2000年 | 64篇 |
1999年 | 55篇 |
1998年 | 38篇 |
1997年 | 40篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 30篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 34篇 |
1992年 | 48篇 |
1991年 | 39篇 |
1990年 | 42篇 |
1989年 | 59篇 |
1988年 | 56篇 |
1987年 | 62篇 |
1986年 | 52篇 |
1985年 | 54篇 |
1984年 | 58篇 |
1983年 | 33篇 |
1982年 | 30篇 |
1981年 | 31篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 24篇 |
1978年 | 30篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 22篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1969年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有2073条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Coyle YM Aragaki CC Hynan LS Gruchalla RS Khan DA 《Archives of internal medicine》2003,163(13):1591-1596
BACKGROUND: Acute asthma often requires expensive emergency department visits and hospitalizations, especially among economically disadvantaged inner-city adults. However, few studies have examined approaches for improving acute asthma care in this population. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study involving patients who were discharged from a public hospital emergency department following acute asthma care between March 31, 1997, and August 5, 1999, to identify processes of care effective for improving peak expiratory flow rate at a 2- to 3-week follow-up. Adult patients who met the predetermined criteria for asthma, who underwent a baseline peak expiratory flow rate reading, and who did not have concurrent acute sinusitis or pneumonia were eligible (N = 448). Of the 365 patients enrolled in the study, 309 (84.7%) completed it. We used a multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for patient risk to assess the association between acute asthma care processes derived from the National Asthma Education Prevention Program guidelines (inhaled beta2-agonists, inhaled corticosteroids, systemic corticosteroids, asthma care follow-up, and patient asthma education) and percentage peak expiratory flow rate change at follow-up. RESULTS: Systemic corticosteroids had a significant effect for increasing percentage peak expiratory flow rate change at the 2- to 3-week follow-up for all asthma exacerbation severity levels (beta = 26.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-50.5; P =.04) and severity levels specified by the National Asthma Education Prevention Program guidelines (beta = 31.6; 95% confidence interval, 8.1-55.1; P =.01). CONCLUSION: Outpatient systemic corticosteroids were effective for improving lung function 2 to 3 weeks after acute asthma care, and their use should reduce asthma-related morbidity, especially among economically disadvantaged inner-city adults. 相似文献
52.
Ether lipids (EL) and hyperthermia have been shown to possess a relatively selective cytotoxicity to leukemic cells. In this study, the combined effects of EL (ET-18-OCH3, ET-16-NHCOCH3, or BM 41.440) and hyperthermia on the growth of hematopoietic progenitors, myeloid leukemic cell lines, and leukemic cells obtained from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were examined to determine if this combination resulted in a greater selective killing of leukemic cells than that achieved by either EL or heat alone. When the cells were treated simultaneously with EL (50 micrograms/mL) and hyperthermia (42 degrees C) for one hour, the killing of leukemic cell line cells was enhanced considerably. Among the three EL, however, the combination of ET-18-OCH3 and heat seemed to be the most cytotoxic to leukemic cell line cells with no effect on the growth of hematopoietic progenitors. An increase in the duration of treatment with ET-18-OCH3 to four hours with heat added during the last hour resulted in a further reduction of leukemic cell line cells while sparing 50% of hematopoietic progenitors after cryopreservation. The combined treatment with ET-18-OCH3 and heat also inhibited the growth of leukemic progenitors obtained from AML patients by 97% to 100%. These data indicate that the combined treatment with EL and hyperthermia might offer an efficient means to eliminate myeloid leukemic cells in vitro. 相似文献
53.
Kerstin Hogg Joseph Shaw Douglas Coyle Parvaneh Fallah Marc Carrier Phil Wells 《Thrombosis research》2014
Introduction
The standard gamble is considered the ‘gold standard’ technique for measuring quality of life. We recently used the standard gamble to estimate quality of life in acute venous thrombosis, and found unexpected variability in the responses. The current study aimed to explore the reasons for variability by comparing the standard gamble technique in patients with acute venous thrombosis to other quality of life measurement tools.Materials and Methods
Thrombosis clinic patients treated for venous thrombosis were eligible to participate. Patients evaluated their current health state by performing a standard gamble interview, reporting on a visual analogue scale, completing the SF-36 and disease specific questionnaires (PEmb-Qol and VEINES-QOL/Sym). Validity was assessed by correlating the standard gamble utilities with the other methods. Test-retest reliability, responsiveness and acceptability were also assessed.Results
Forty-four patients were interviewed, with 16 attending for a repeat interview. The median standard gamble utility was 0.97 (0.84-1.0), SF-6D 0.64 (0.59 - 0.80) and visual analogue score 70 (60 - 80). Participants with pulmonary embolism had lower standard gamble estimates than those with deep vein thrombosis. There was good discriminant validity in that the standard gamble estimates were not associated with risk taking behavior, negative outlook, sex or education. Test-retest reliability with the standard gamble was moderate and there was evidence of a ceiling effect.Conclusions
Standard gamble utilities are higher than other methods of measuring quality of life in venous thrombosis. The choice of utility values adopted in studies will impact on future economic studies. 相似文献54.
Miller AL Sims GP Brewah YA Rebelatto MC Kearley J Benjamin E Keller AE Brohawn P Herbst R Coyle AJ Humbles AA Kolbeck R 《The Journal of infectious diseases》2012,205(8):1311-1320
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a common respiratory pathogen in infants and the older population, causes pulmonary inflammation and airway occlusion that leads to impairment of lung function. Here, we have established a role for receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in RSV infection. RAGE-deficient (ager(-/-)) mice were protected from RSV-induced weight loss and inflammation. This protection correlated with an early increase in type I interferons, later decreases in proinflammatory cytokines, and a reduction in viral load. To assess the contribution of soluble RAGE (sRAGE) to RSV-induced disease, wild-type and ager(-/-) mice were given doses of sRAGE following RSV infection. Of interest, sRAGE treatment prevented RSV-induced weight loss and neutrophilic inflammation to a degree similar to that observed in ager(-/-) mice. Our work further elucidates the roles of RAGE in the pathogenesis of respiratory infections and highlights the opposing roles of membrane and sRAGE in modulating the host response to RSV infection. 相似文献
55.
Villenave R Thavagnanam S Sarlang S Parker J Douglas I Skibinski G Heaney LG McKaigue JP Coyle PV Shields MD Power UF 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2012,109(13):5040-5045
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major viral cause of severe pulmonary disease in young infants worldwide. However, the mechanisms by which RSV causes disease in humans remain poorly understood. To help bridge this gap, we developed an ex vivo/in vitro model of RSV infection based on well-differentiated primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cells (WD-PBECs), the primary targets of RSV infection in vivo. Our RSV/WD-PBEC model demonstrated remarkable similarities to hallmarks of RSV infection in infant lungs. These hallmarks included restriction of infection to noncontiguous or small clumps of apical ciliated and occasional nonciliated epithelial cells, apoptosis and sloughing of apical epithelial cells, occasional syncytium formation, goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, and mucus hypersecretion. RSV was shed exclusively from the apical surface at titers consistent with those in airway aspirates from hospitalized infants. Furthermore, secretion of proinflammatory chemokines such as CXCL10, CCL5, IL-6, and CXCL8 reflected those chemokines present in airway aspirates. Interestingly, a recent RSV clinical isolate induced more cytopathogenesis than the prototypic A2 strain. Our findings indicate that this RSV/WD-PBEC model provides an authentic surrogate for RSV infection of airway epithelium in vivo. As such, this model may provide insights into RSV pathogenesis in humans that ultimately lead to successful RSV vaccines or therapeutics. 相似文献
56.
Ian R. Coyle 《Psychiatry, Psychology and Law》2013,20(2):270-296
Preventive detention schemes rely on assessments of risk carried out by forensic practitioners. Corrective services departments and other organs of the state inevitably present the approaches they adopt and the tools they employ in this endeavour as being “best practice” and “evidence based”. Typically these assessments are conducted according to a bureaucratic template and are based on a selected suite of tests that are heavily biased towards actuarial assessment. The validity of this approach is gravely suspect as is the failure of many forensic professionals to properly identify the diagnostic accuracy/inaccuracy of the tests and methods they rely upon in conducting risk assessments. This article iterates the methodological and evidentiary problems with risk assessment of sexual offenders. It is concluded that common extant approaches lack scientific objectivity and fail to provide the courts with cogent evidence. As a result of these errors in investigatory processes miscarriages of justice are inevitable. 相似文献
57.
Parasites in the genus Blastocystis comprise several subtypes (genotypes) and have a worldwide distribution. In some surveys, these are the most common parasites found in human stool specimens. An emerging literature suggests that the pathogenicity of Blastocystis is related to specific subtypes and parasite burden, although even individuals with small numbers of cysts may be symptomatic. Some data suggest an association between infection with Blastocystis and irritable bowel syndrome. However, there are few clinical studies demonstrating a direct relationship between the presence of this parasite and disease, few animal models to explore this relationship, and no consensus as to appropriate treatment. We recommend that asymptomatic individuals with few cysts not be treated. However, those who have gastrointestinal or dermatologic signs and symptoms and many cysts in stool specimens may require treatment. Metronidazole is the drug of choice. Additional studies are required to determine pathogenicity and appropriate therapy. 相似文献
58.
59.